[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.37,0:00:02.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Water is a crucial\Nbuilding block for life,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.70,0:00:05.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for farming, for food, and for showers.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.89,0:00:07.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Often water comes from far away.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.83,0:00:10.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example,\Nover half of Southern California's water
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.43,0:00:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is pumped out of the Colorado River.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.41,0:00:15.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is then transported up\Nand over a mountain range
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.12,0:00:17.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be used in cities and farms.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.43,0:00:19.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as rainfall\Nand temperatures change,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.100,0:00:21.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scientists are seeing\Na megadrought
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.62,0:00:23.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,emerging in the American West.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.24,0:00:24.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And much of that long-term drought
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.87,0:00:26.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is centered right over the Colorado River.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.86,0:00:29.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which means giant cities like L.A.\Nand rural farms alike
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.84,0:00:31.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could see a strain on their water supply.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.05,0:00:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this episode, we'll learn\Nwhy this drought is so bad
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.68,0:00:36.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and find out what lessons\Nwe can learn
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.45,0:00:38.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from people who have\Nlived in the Southwest
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.47,0:00:39.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for thousands of years.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.38,0:00:46.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A drainage basin is an area
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.75,0:00:50.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where precipitations collects\Nand runs into a particular body of water.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.42,0:00:51.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The basin in the Colorado River
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.90,0:00:54.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spans seven States and two countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.62,0:00:56.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,40 million people count on it's water.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.31,0:00:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what happens when rivers dry up
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.00,0:01:01.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the water you're counting on\Ndoesn't come?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.58,0:01:03.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To understand, I first asked
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.03,0:01:05.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,water and drought scientist,\NBrad Udall, what's going on.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.22,0:01:10.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2000, a drought began\Nthat now 20 years later
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.03,0:01:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the most severe drought
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.92,0:01:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since gauges were installed on the river\Nin 1906 in some places.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.75,0:01:20.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The flow is down about 20%.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.74,0:01:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Drought is usually defined
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.98,0:01:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a period of abnormally low rainfall
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.16,0:01:25.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leading to a shortage of water.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.70,0:01:28.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Brad told me\Nthat this drought is a bit different.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.26,0:01:30.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's because while rain is down,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.27,0:01:32.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that doesn't fully account\Nfor the low water levels.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.97,0:01:35.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We now actually have a new term for this:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.26,0:01:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a hot drought.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.26,0:01:39.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So higher temperatures dry out the earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.55,0:01:41.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we're finding is\Nthat higher temperatures
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.89,0:01:45.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lead to greater evaporation\Nin all its forms.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.55,0:01:49.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that evaporation\Nis the cause of this decline in flow.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.12,0:01:51.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words, as temperatures\Nincrease over time,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.50,0:01:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the process of evaporation\Ntakes more water away
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.08,0:01:56.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from rivers, lakes,\Nand snow-capped mountains.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.09,0:02:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This helps explain why river flow\Nin the Colorado basin is down 20%
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.72,0:02:03.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,despite precipitation\Nonly being down by 5%.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.10,0:02:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And droughts do end,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.44,0:02:07.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but according to many scientists
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.25,0:02:10.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,waiting for rain in this case\Nis probably not a good idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.60,0:02:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The term "drought" implies
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.04,0:02:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some kind of return\Nto normal at some point.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.90,0:02:16.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Drought implies temporary,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.14,0:02:19.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and most scientists nowadays\Nhave started talking
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.68,0:02:22.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the aridification of the West,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.65,0:02:26.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meaning a more permanent move\Nto a dry state.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.49,0:02:33.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(car engine roaring)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.80,0:02:36.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Few people understand\Nthe threat of drought
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.84,0:02:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,better than Nancy Caywood.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.26,0:02:40.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's a fifth generation\Nfarmer in Pinal County
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.50,0:02:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where water either comes\Nfrom the Colorado River
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.74,0:02:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the Central Arizona Project canals
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.77,0:02:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or from other rivers and canals\Nin the Colorado basin.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.44,0:02:48.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This represents liquid gold.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.84,0:02:50.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is out water supply right here.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.66,0:02:52.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We take it out,\Nthere's a gate right there,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.72,0:02:54.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it goes down a little lateral canal
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.57,0:02:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that takes it right to our farm.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.10,0:02:57.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm gonna open up this gate,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.47,0:02:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have the gate open,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.07,0:03:01.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll open four of them,\Nallow the water to flow in.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.22,0:03:07.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have about 135 acres of alfalfa.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.50,0:03:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is an example of flood irrigation,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.84,0:03:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the oldest and most\Ncommon irrigation methods
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.26,0:03:14.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which distributes water over the soil
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.11,0:03:16.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by allowing it to flow\Ndownhill with gravity.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.94,0:03:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a beautiful simplicity to it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.16,0:03:22.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's actually the least\Nefficient way to irrigate
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.05,0:03:24.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as much of the water\Neither evaporates away
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.05,0:03:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or seeps into the soil\Nout of reach of the plants' roots.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.12,0:03:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And on top of that,\Nalfalfa is a very thirsty crop,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.26,0:03:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means the beef\Nthat comes from the cattle it feeds
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.18,0:03:35.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the highest water use food\Ncommonly available.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.61,0:03:38.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Drip and sprinkler irrigation\Ncan be much more efficient,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.46,0:03:40.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Nancy told us she's not been able
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.44,0:03:41.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get the permits needed
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.85,0:03:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to change the irrigation style\Non the farm.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.09,0:03:46.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the Caywood alfalfa\Nfields are in good company.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.48,0:03:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,60% of farmland in the Colorado basin
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.93,0:03:50.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is used to grow feed crops.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.42,0:03:53.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Combine all that demand,\Nand here in Pinal County
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.23,0:03:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is where the drought hits home.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.43,0:03:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last time the reservoir\Nwas full was in 1992.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.77,0:04:02.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One year, we had nothing\Nplanted on this farm at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.28,0:04:04.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2019 water in Lake Mead,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.14,0:04:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the nation's largest\Nreservoir, dropped so low
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.52,0:04:08.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it triggered the first cutbacks
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.27,0:04:10.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in water allocations ever in the basin.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.65,0:04:12.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pinal County farmers were the first
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.41,0:04:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have their water reduced.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.80,0:04:17.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fields lay fallow, prepped\Nand ready, but unplanted.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.02,0:04:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a fallow field,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.64,0:04:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we just didn't have\Nenough water to plant it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.36,0:04:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have 120 acres of fallow land.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.50,0:04:31.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Good news here is, since about 1980
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.10,0:04:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,American water use has actually gone down.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.60,0:04:37.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even in growing American\Ncities in the South West,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.09,0:04:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,total consumption has gone down
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.79,0:04:43.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,despite pretty big increases\Nin population.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.62,0:04:46.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But worldwide irrigated agriculture
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.23,0:04:51.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,uses upward of 70% of water in rivers
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.35,0:04:56.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and municipalities use\Nmuch, much less, 20% or less.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.49,0:04:57.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's partially due
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.58,0:04:59.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to household water conservation efforts,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.51,0:05:02.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's mainly due to the way\Ncities and homes use water.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.60,0:05:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you shower, wash dishes\Nor even flush the toilet,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.84,0:05:08.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that water is treated and returned\Nto surface or groundwater
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.75,0:05:10.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than evaporating.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.45,0:05:12.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The same goes for some industrial uses.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.70,0:05:14.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the largest opportunity and challenge
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.78,0:05:17.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reduce water use\Nis in the agricultural sector.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.30,0:05:19.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's because water used for farming
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.08,0:05:21.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,either becomes part of the growing plants
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.06,0:05:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or it's lost to evaporation,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.74,0:05:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meaning it doesn't return\Nto the hydrologic cycle
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.22,0:05:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a very long time.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.24,0:05:30.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scientists say this is\Nthe worst drought in 1200 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.87,0:05:32.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the Hopi you have lived in this area
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.78,0:05:35.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for over 2000 years\Nand have grown food through it all.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.95,0:05:38.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We met up with Max Taylor,\Na Hopi Water Resources technician
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.90,0:05:41.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find out if lessons\Nfrom one of the oldest communities
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.62,0:05:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the United States\Ncan be applied to modern life
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.00,0:05:45.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the drying Colorado basin.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.07,0:05:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Hopi's been known\Nto use the least amount of water
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.68,0:05:53.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than people throughout\Nthe whole United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.17,0:05:55.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just because we live in the desert,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.79,0:05:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here we are more aware\Nof how much you use.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.41,0:06:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so the use is very little.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.86,0:06:02.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we're down at my field.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.36,0:06:05.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is my blue corn,\Nthey're planted here.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.59,0:06:07.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of these are dry farmed.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.12,0:06:08.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't do any irrigation.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.00,0:06:13.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the technique we use is\Nyou clear off an area.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.66,0:06:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll dig a hole down\Nabout maybe eight to 10 inches deep,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.72,0:06:22.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get maybe eight or ten kernels or corn
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.98,0:06:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and toss in there.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.13,0:06:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The wet moisture that you've taken up,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.44,0:06:28.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you push them back in,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.45,0:06:30.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you cover it with the dry soil.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.19,0:06:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's dry farming.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.60,0:06:33.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His garden is planted in a low lying area
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.75,0:06:36.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to collect the little moisture\Nthat falls each year.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.27,0:06:38.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And his crops are\Nextremely adapted to the region.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.65,0:06:41.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're planted far apart\Nto avoid competition for water,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.37,0:06:44.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they grow very deep roots\Nthat tap into groundwater.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.21,0:06:46.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right now we're in September.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.87,0:06:49.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can still feel a little bit\Nof moisture in the ground,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.71,0:06:50.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,see that?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.05,0:06:56.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not much, but just enough\Nthat it's still keeping them going.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.14,0:06:58.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amazingly Max uses seeds\Nfor his own farming consumption
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.87,0:07:01.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that produces crops\Nin what seems like dust
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.24,0:07:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with no irrigation.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.97,0:07:04.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's never watered this field.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.53,0:07:09.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have seeds that are being passed on\Nfrom generation to generation.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.92,0:07:13.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they're adapted to this dry climate.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.40,0:07:16.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The corn's been with the Hopi\Nat least several thousand years.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.18,0:07:18.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think the lesson to learn
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.49,0:07:20.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that you have to live\Nwithin your environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.79,0:07:23.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think that's how the natives\Nhave survived in these areas
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.74,0:07:25.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they were sustainable.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.25,0:07:27.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we know this country.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.02,0:07:32.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shifting towards crops appropriate for
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.86,0:07:34.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and adapted to their environment
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.46,0:07:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,provides a vast opportunity\Nfor water conservation.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.99,0:07:39.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That shift can happen\Non farms or in cities
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.05,0:07:41.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we choose to eat foods\Nthat need less water to grow.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.72,0:07:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On paper, a shift from feed\Ncrops and cattle makes sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.77,0:07:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if we want to adapt
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.24,0:07:48.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to our warming climate\Nin an equitable way,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.29,0:07:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can't write off farmers\Nlike Nancy and the families
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.82,0:07:52.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have fed us for generations.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.62,0:07:54.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We would like to continue farming.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.59,0:07:56.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't plan on giving up this farm.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.45,0:07:58.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are looking into alternatives,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.68,0:08:00.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're looking into alternative crops,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.49,0:08:03.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're looking at water conservation\Nirrigation techniques.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.72,0:08:07.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alfalfa takes seven to nine acre feet\Nof water a year to grow it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.44,0:08:10.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Olives would take about\None and a half acre feet of water.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.64,0:08:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if we were to get into, say, olives,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.64,0:08:14.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there'd be a lot of soil preparation.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.45,0:08:16.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it costs us a lot money to get started.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.47,0:08:19.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the question is,\Ncan we come together as a country
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.05,0:08:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and implement techniques\Nto reduce the strain
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.24,0:08:24.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on our water supply\Nbefore there are even more shortages?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.02,0:08:25.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to be ready
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.73,0:08:28.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for some really big changes coming at us
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.37,0:08:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are frankly\Noutside of our comprehension.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.03,0:08:35.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is how we make the best\Nout of a bad situation
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.50,0:08:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stand by those
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.48,0:08:41.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who end up facing\Nthe biggest changes and challenges.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.86,0:08:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while we focus
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.88,0:08:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the American Southwest in this episode,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.89,0:08:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drought does affect\Nalmost every part of the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.48,0:08:49.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So practicing water conservation
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.27,0:08:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a part of your daily life\Ncan help you prepare
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.62,0:08:53.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for when water supplies\Nrun low in your region.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.85,0:08:56.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the most effective\Nthings you can do today
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.22,0:08:57.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not that hard.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.27,0:09:00.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, never leave a faucet running\Nwhen it's not being used,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.44,0:09:02.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like when brushing your teeth\Nor washing dishes.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.73,0:09:04.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Make sure to fix leaky faucets
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.41,0:09:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and choose energy-\Nand water-efficient appliances.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.79,0:09:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want to get more involved
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.36,0:09:10.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can place a brick\Nin the tank of
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.11,0:09:11.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your toilet so it uses less water
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.96,0:09:14.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for each flush, or convert your\Nlawn to a beautiful
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.35,0:09:15.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,landscape that doesn't need
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.78,0:09:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,irrigation. Or even install a\Nrainwater catchment system.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.19,0:09:21.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, there's another\Nthing we can all do,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.42,0:09:24.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's to fight the underlying cause\Nof this drought, climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.94,0:09:26.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The future of this drought is unwritten,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.85,0:09:28.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the less warming we create,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.72,0:09:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the brighter our water future will be.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.72,0:09:32.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So check out the excellent show, Hot Mess,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.74,0:09:34.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for more ideas about what can be done.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.58,0:09:36.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, subscribe
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.16,0:09:38.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to keep up with all of our\Nepisodes of Weathered.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.46,0:09:45.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(soft music)