[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.44,0:00:03.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was President of the American\NPsychological Association,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.54,0:00:05.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they tried to media-train me.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.19,0:00:10.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And an encounter I had with CNN summarizes
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.89,0:00:12.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I'm going to be talking about today,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.90,0:00:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the eleventh reason\Nto be optimistic.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.00,0:00:21.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The editor of Discover told us 10 of them;
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.20,0:00:24.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to give you the eleventh.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.32,0:00:28.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they came to me, CNN,\Nand they said, "Professor Seligman --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.55,0:00:32.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would you tell us about the state\Nof psychology today?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.79,0:00:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'd like to interview you about that."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.73,0:00:35.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I said, "Great."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.97,0:00:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she said, "But this is CNN,\Nso you only get a sound bite."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.31,0:00:43.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "Well, how many words do I get?"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.55,0:00:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she said, "Well, one."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.21,0:00:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.02,0:00:50.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the cameras rolled, and she said,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.38,0:00:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Professor Seligman,\Nwhat is the state of psychology today?"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.23,0:00:56.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Good."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.41,0:00:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.56,0:01:01.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Cut! Cut. That won't do.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.90,0:01:05.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'd really better give\Nyou a longer sound bite."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.71,0:01:07.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How many words do I get this time?"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.46,0:01:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, you get two."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.90,0:01:10.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.66,0:01:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Doctor Seligman, what is the state\Nof psychology today?"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.61,0:01:16.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Not good."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.80,0:01:23.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.56,0:01:29.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Look, Doctor Seligman,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.75,0:01:32.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can see you're really\Nnot comfortable in this medium.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.77,0:01:35.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'd better give you a real sound bite.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.18,0:01:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This time you can have three words.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.29,0:01:41.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Professor Seligman, what is the state\Nof psychology today?"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.20,0:01:44.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Not good enough."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.00,0:01:48.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what I'm going to be talking about.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.11,0:01:52.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to say why psychology\Nwas good, why it was not good,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.25,0:01:56.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how it may become,\Nin the next 10 years, good enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.74,0:02:01.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by parallel summary, I want to say\Nthe same thing about technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.08,0:02:02.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about entertainment and design,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.81,0:02:04.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I think the issues\Nare very similar.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.34,0:02:08.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, why was psychology good?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.39,0:02:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, for more than 60 years, psychology\Nworked within the disease model.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.00,0:02:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ten years ago, when I was on an airplane
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.00,0:02:19.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I introduced myself to my seatmate,\Nand told them what I did,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.05,0:02:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'd move away from me,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.86,0:02:24.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, quite rightly, they were saying
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.34,0:02:26.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,psychology is about finding\Nwhat's wrong with you.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.96,0:02:28.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spot the loony.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.40,0:02:32.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now, when I tell people\Nwhat I do, they move toward me.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.79,0:02:37.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What was good about psychology --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.20,0:02:40.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the $30 billion\Ninvestment NIMH made,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.25,0:02:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about working in the disease model,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.00,0:02:44.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what you mean by psychology --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.48,0:02:48.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that, 60 years ago,\Nnone of the disorders were treatable;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.90,0:02:50.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was entirely smoke and mirrors.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.83,0:02:53.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now, 14 of the disorders\Nare treatable,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.32,0:02:55.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two of them actually curable.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.73,0:03:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the other thing that happened\Nis that a science developed,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.48,0:03:02.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a science of mental illness.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.43,0:03:07.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We found out we could take fuzzy concepts
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.23,0:03:10.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like depression, alcoholism,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.24,0:03:11.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and measure them with rigor;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.27,0:03:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we could create a classification\Nof the mental illnesses;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.44,0:03:21.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we could understand\Nthe causality of the mental illnesses.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.15,0:03:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could look across time\Nat the same people --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.00,0:03:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people, for example, who were genetically\Nvulnerable to schizophrenia --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.00,0:03:34.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ask what the contribution\Nof mothering, of genetics are,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.24,0:03:36.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we could isolate third variables
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.62,0:03:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by doing experiments\Non the mental illnesses.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.49,0:03:42.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And best of all, we were able,\Nin the last 50 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.02,0:03:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to invent drug treatments\Nand psychological treatments.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.72,0:03:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we were able\Nto test them rigorously,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.00,0:03:54.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in random-assignment,\Nplacebo-controlled designs,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.32,0:03:56.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,throw out the things that didn't work,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.59,0:03:58.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keep the things that actively did.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.70,0:04:01.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The conclusion of that is,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.88,0:04:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,psychology and psychiatry\Nof the last 60 years
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.00,0:04:10.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can actually claim that we can make\Nmiserable people less miserable.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.66,0:04:12.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think that's terrific.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.83,0:04:14.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm proud of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.83,0:04:21.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what was not good,\Nthe consequences of that,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.52,0:04:22.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were three things.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.96,0:04:24.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first was moral;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.76,0:04:29.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that psychologists and psychiatrists\Nbecame victimologists, pathologizers;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.58,0:04:32.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that our view of human nature\Nwas that if you were in trouble,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.64,0:04:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bricks fell on you.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.41,0:04:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we forgot that people\Nmade choices and decisions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.18,0:04:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We forgot responsibility.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.07,0:04:40.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was the first cost.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.22,0:04:44.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second cost was\Nthat we forgot about you people.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.52,0:04:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We forgot about improving normal lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.10,0:04:54.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We forgot about a mission to make\Nrelatively untroubled people happier,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.00,0:04:57.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more fulfilled, more productive.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.80,0:05:01.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And "genius," "high-talent,"\Nbecame a dirty word.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.53,0:05:03.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No one works on that.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.56,0:05:06.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the third problem\Nabout the disease model is,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.00,0:05:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our rush to do something\Nabout people in trouble,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.30,0:05:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our rush to do something\Nabout repairing damage,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.43,0:05:18.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it never occurred to us\Nto develop interventions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.07,0:05:21.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make people happier --\Npositive interventions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.34,0:05:24.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that was not good.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.20,0:05:29.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so that's what led people\Nlike Nancy Etcoff, Dan Gilbert,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.05,0:05:30.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mike Csikszentmihalyi and myself
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.99,0:05:33.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to work in something I call,\N"positive psychology,"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.87,0:05:35.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has three aims.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.68,0:05:40.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first is that psychology\Nshould be just as concerned
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.59,0:05:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with human strength\Nas it is with weakness.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.00,0:05:48.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It should be just as concerned\Nwith building strength
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.67,0:05:50.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as with repairing damage.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.83,0:05:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It should be interested\Nin the best things in life.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.54,0:05:55.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it should be just as concerned
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.44,0:05:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with making the lives\Nof normal people fulfilling,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.17,0:06:03.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with genius,\Nwith nurturing high talent.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.07,0:06:08.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in the last 10 years\Nand the hope for the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.58,0:06:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've seen the beginnings\Nof a science of positive psychology,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.00,0:06:14.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a science of what makes life worth living.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.54,0:06:19.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It turns out that we can measure\Ndifferent forms of happiness.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.11,0:06:22.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And any of you, for free,\Ncan go to that website --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.61,0:06:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[www.authentichappiness.org]
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.03,0:06:26.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and take the entire panoply\Nof tests of happiness.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.53,0:06:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can ask, how do you stack\Nup for positive emotion, for meaning,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.00,0:06:35.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for flow, against literally tens\Nof thousands of other people?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.72,0:06:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We created the opposite of the diagnostic\Nmanual of the insanities:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.00,0:06:46.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a classification of the strengths\Nand virtues that looks at the sex ratio,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.24,0:06:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how they're defined, how to diagnose them,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.48,0:06:51.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what builds them\Nand what gets in their way.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.00,0:06:57.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We found that we could discover\Nthe causation of the positive states,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.46,0:07:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the relationship between left\Nhemispheric activity
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.00,0:07:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and right hemispheric activity,\Nas a cause of happiness.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.50,0:07:11.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've spent my life working\Non extremely miserable people,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.50,0:07:12.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I've asked the question:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.91,0:07:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do extremely miserable people\Ndiffer from the rest of you?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.59,0:07:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And starting about six years ago,\Nwe asked about extremely happy people.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.00,0:07:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do they differ from the rest of us?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.56,0:07:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It turns out there's one way,\Nvery surprising --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.07,0:07:29.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're not more religious,\Nthey're not in better shape,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.76,0:07:32.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't have more money,\Nthey're not better looking,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.88,0:07:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't have more good events\Nand fewer bad events.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.65,0:07:39.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The one way in which they differ:\Nthey're extremely social.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.80,0:07:43.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't sit in seminars\Non Saturday morning.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.53,0:07:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.98,0:07:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't spend time alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.50,0:07:51.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each of them is in a romantic relationship
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.72,0:07:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and each has a rich repertoire of friends.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.90,0:07:59.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But watch out here -- this is merely\Ncorrelational data, not causal,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.30,0:08:02.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's about happiness\Nin the first, "Hollywood" sense,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.92,0:08:04.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to talk about,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.15,0:08:08.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happiness of ebullience\Nand giggling and good cheer.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.34,0:08:11.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm going to suggest to you\Nthat's not nearly enough,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.20,0:08:12.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in just a moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.42,0:08:17.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We found we could begin to look\Nat interventions over the centuries,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.83,0:08:19.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the Buddha to Tony Robbins.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.65,0:08:24.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About 120 interventions have been proposed\Nthat allegedly make people happy.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.86,0:08:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we find that we've been able\Nto manualize many of them,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.50,0:08:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we actually carry out
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.44,0:08:35.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,random-assignment efficacy\Nand effectiveness studies.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.11,0:08:39.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is, which ones actually\Nmake people lastingly happier?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.29,0:08:42.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a couple of minutes, I'll tell you\Nabout some of those results.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.54,0:08:48.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the upshot of this is that the mission\NI want psychology to have,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.00,0:08:52.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in addition to its mission\Nof curing the mentally ill,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.51,0:08:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in addition to its mission of making\Nmiserable people less miserable,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.81,0:09:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is, can psychology actually\Nmake people happier?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.76,0:09:04.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to ask that question -- "happy"\Nis not a word I use very much --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.44,0:09:06.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've had to break it down
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.87,0:09:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into what I think\Nis askable about "happy."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.43,0:09:12.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I believe there are three different --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.18,0:09:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I call them "different" because different\Ninterventions build them,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.49,0:09:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's possible to have one\Nrather than the other --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.91,0:09:20.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,three different happy lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.91,0:09:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first happy life is the pleasant life.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.05,0:09:27.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a life in which you have\Nas much positive emotion
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.46,0:09:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as you possibly can,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.00,0:09:31.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the skills to amplify it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.12,0:09:33.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second is a life of engagement:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.33,0:09:38.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a life in your work, your parenting,\Nyour love, your leisure;
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.72,0:09:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time stops for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.14,0:09:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what Aristotle was talking about.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.21,0:09:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And third, the meaningful life.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.30,0:09:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to say a little bit\Nabout each of those lives
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.00,0:09:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what we know about them.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.84,0:09:54.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first life is the pleasant life,\Nand it's simply, as best we can find it,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.84,0:09:57.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's having as many\Nof the pleasures as you can,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.15,0:09:59.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as much positive emotion as you can,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.55,0:10:05.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and learning the skills -- savoring,\Nmindfulness -- that amplify them,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.11,0:10:08.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that stretch them over time and space.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.00,0:10:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the pleasant life has three drawbacks,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.00,0:10:16.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's why positive psychology\Nis not happy-ology,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.53,0:10:18.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and why it doesn't end here.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.88,0:10:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first drawback is,\Nit turns out the pleasant life,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.00,0:10:24.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your experience of positive emotion,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.66,0:10:29.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is about 50 percent heritable,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.41,0:10:32.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, in fact, not very modifiable.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.00,0:10:37.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the different tricks\Nthat Matthieu and I and others know
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.56,0:10:41.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about increasing the amount\Nof positive emotion in your life
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.20,0:10:45.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are 15 to 20 percent tricks,\Ngetting more of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.50,0:10:49.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second is that positive\Nemotion habituates.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.76,0:10:53.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It habituates rapidly, indeed.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.59,0:10:55.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's all like French vanilla ice cream:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.98,0:10:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first taste is 100 percent;
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.62,0:11:00.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the time you're down\Nto the sixth taste,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.81,0:11:01.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's gone.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.66,0:11:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, as I said,\Nit's not particularly malleable.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.44,0:11:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this leads to the second life.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.33,0:11:12.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have to tell you about my friend Len,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.29,0:11:18.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to talk about why positive psychology\Nis more than positive emotion,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.23,0:11:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than building pleasure.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.00,0:11:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In two of the three great arenas\Nof life, by the time Len was 30,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.00,0:11:26.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Len was enormously successful.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.45,0:11:29.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first arena was work.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.00,0:11:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the time he was 20,\Nhe was an options trader.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.66,0:11:35.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the time he was 25,\Nhe was a multimillionaire
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.11,0:11:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the head of an options\Ntrading company.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.00,0:11:43.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second, in play, he's a national\Nchampion bridge player.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.21,0:11:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the third great arena of life,\Nlove, Len is an abysmal failure.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.00,0:11:54.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the reason he was,\Nwas that Len is a cold fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.00,0:11:57.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.09,0:12:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Len is an introvert.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.53,0:12:05.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,American women said to Len,\Nwhen he dated them,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.00,0:12:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You're no fun. You don't have\Npositive emotion. Get lost."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.79,0:12:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Len was wealthy enough to be able\Nto afford a Park Avenue psychoanalyst,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.00,0:12:19.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who for five years tried\Nto find the sexual trauma
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.77,0:12:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had somehow locked\Npositive emotion inside of him.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.74,0:12:26.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it turned out there wasn't\Nany sexual trauma.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.92,0:12:29.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It turned out that --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.13,0:12:31.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Len grew up in Long Island
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.53,0:12:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he played football\Nand watched football, and played bridge.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.38,0:12:42.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Len is in the bottom five percent\Nof what we call positive affectivities.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.61,0:12:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The question is: Is Len unhappy?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.66,0:12:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I want to say, not.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.43,0:12:49.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Contrary to what psychology told us
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.41,0:12:53.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the bottom 50 percent\Nof the human race in positive affectivity,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.59,0:12:56.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think Len is one\Nof the happiest people I know.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.20,0:12:58.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's not consigned\Nto the hell of unhappiness,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.87,0:13:02.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's because Len, like most of you,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.81,0:13:04.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is enormously capable of flow.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.90,0:13:07.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When he walks onto the floor\Nof the American Exchange
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.90,0:13:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at 9:30 in the morning,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.16,0:13:11.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time stops for him.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.47,0:13:13.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it stops till the closing bell.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.26,0:13:16.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the first card is played\Ntill 10 days later,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.18,0:13:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the tournament is over,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.56,0:13:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time stops for Len.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.68,0:13:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is indeed\Nwhat Mike Csikszentmihalyi
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.91,0:13:24.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been talking about, about flow.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.84,0:13:28.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's distinct from pleasure\Nin a very important way:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.24,0:13:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pleasure has raw feel -- you know\Nit's happening; it's thought and feeling.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.67,0:13:36.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what Mike told you\Nyesterday -- during flow ...
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.92,0:13:41.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can't feel anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.57,0:13:44.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're one with the music.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.66,0:13:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Time stops.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.94,0:13:47.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have intense concentration.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.86,0:13:52.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is indeed the characteristic\Nof what we think of as the good life.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.10,0:13:55.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we think there's a recipe for it,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.91,0:13:58.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's knowing what\Nyour highest strengths are --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.53,0:14:00.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again, there's a valid test
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.85,0:14:03.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what your five highest strengths are --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.25,0:14:05.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then re-crafting your life
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.01,0:14:09.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to use them as much as you possibly can.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.29,0:14:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Re-crafting your work, your love,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.00,0:14:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your play, your friendship,\Nyour parenting.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.78,0:14:16.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just one example.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.09,0:14:20.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One person I worked with\Nwas a bagger at Genuardi's.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.16,0:14:22.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hated the job.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.34,0:14:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's working her way through college.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.77,0:14:27.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her highest strength\Nwas social intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.93,0:14:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So she re-crafted bagging\Nto make the encounter with her
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.67,0:14:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the social highlight\Nof every customer's day.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.92,0:14:37.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, obviously she failed.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.66,0:14:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what she did was to take\Nher highest strengths,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.00,0:14:44.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and re-craft work to use them\Nas much as possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.00,0:14:47.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you get out of that\Nis not smiley-ness.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.37,0:14:49.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't look like Debbie Reynolds.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.30,0:14:50.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't giggle a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.73,0:14:53.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you get is more absorption.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.00,0:14:56.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, that's the second path.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.10,0:14:58.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first path, positive emotion;
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.47,0:15:01.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the second path is eudaemonian flow;
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.59,0:15:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the third path is meaning.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.00,0:15:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the most venerable\Nof the happinesses, traditionally.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.00,0:15:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And meaning, in this view, consists of --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.52,0:15:14.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very parallel to eudaemonia --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.47,0:15:18.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it consists of knowing\Nwhat your highest strengths are,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.05,0:15:22.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and using them to belong to\Nand in the service of
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.72,0:15:24.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something larger than you are.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.92,0:15:30.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mentioned that for all three\Nkinds of lives --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.25,0:15:34.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pleasant life, the good life,\Nthe meaningful life --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.61,0:15:36.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people are now\Nhard at work on the question:
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.80,0:15:40.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are there things that lastingly\Nchange those lives?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.77,0:15:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the answer seems to be yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.79,0:15:47.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'll just give you some samples of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.37,0:15:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's being done in a rigorous manner.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.56,0:15:52.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's being done in the same way\Nthat we test drugs
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.42,0:15:54.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see what really works.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.51,0:15:59.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we do random-assignment,\Nplacebo-controlled,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.35,0:16:02.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,long-term studies\Nof different interventions.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.22,0:16:06.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just to sample the kind of interventions\Nthat we find have an effect:
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.75,0:16:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we teach people\Nabout the pleasant life,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.00,0:16:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to have more pleasure in your life,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.00,0:16:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of your assignments\Nis to take the mindfulness skills,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.04,0:16:18.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the savoring skills,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.48,0:16:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're assigned\Nto design a beautiful day.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.17,0:16:27.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next Saturday, set a day aside,\Ndesign yourself a beautiful day,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.21,0:16:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and use savoring and mindfulness\Nto enhance those pleasures.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.43,0:16:35.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can show in that way\Nthat the pleasant life is enhanced.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.74,0:16:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gratitude visit.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.08,0:16:43.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want you all to do this\Nwith me now, if you would.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.76,0:16:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Close your eyes.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.81,0:16:51.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like you to remember someone
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.18,0:16:54.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who did something enormously important
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.25,0:16:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that changed your life\Nin a good direction,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.00,0:16:59.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and who you never properly thanked.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.15,0:17:02.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The person has to be alive.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.00,0:17:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, OK, you can open your eyes.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.19,0:17:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope all of you have such a person.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.54,0:17:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your assignment, when you're learning\Nthe gratitude visit,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.17,0:17:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to write a 300-word\Ntestimonial to that person,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.53,0:17:18.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,call them on the phone in Phoenix,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:19.16,0:17:21.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ask if you can visit, don't tell them why.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.83,0:17:23.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Show up at their door,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.30,0:17:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you read the testimonial --\Neveryone weeps when this happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:29.58,0:17:32.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what happens is, when we test people
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.50,0:17:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one week later, a month later,\Nthree months later,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.65,0:17:38.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're both happier and less depressed.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.72,0:17:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another example is a strengths date,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.08,0:17:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which we get couples to identify\Ntheir highest strengths
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.29,0:17:47.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the strengths test,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.69,0:17:52.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then to design an evening\Nin which they both use their strengths.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.79,0:17:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We find this is a strengthener\Nof relationships.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.79,0:17:58.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And fun versus philanthropy.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:58.79,0:18:01.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's so heartening\Nto be in a group like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.53,0:18:05.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which so many of you have turned\Nyour lives to philanthropy.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:05.15,0:18:08.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, my undergraduates and the people\NI work with haven't discovered this,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.84,0:18:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we actually have people\Ndo something altruistic
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.42,0:18:14.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and do something fun,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.20,0:18:15.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and contrast it.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:15.38,0:18:17.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what you find\Nis when you do something fun,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.00,0:18:19.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has a square wave walk set.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.91,0:18:23.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you do something philanthropic\Nto help another person,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.57,0:18:25.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it lasts and it lasts.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.53,0:18:30.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So those are examples\Nof positive interventions.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.68,0:18:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the next to last thing\NI want to say is:
Dialogue: 0,0:18:35.00,0:18:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're interested in how much\Nlife satisfaction people have.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.14,0:18:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is really what you're about.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.11,0:18:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's our target variable.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:42.00,0:18:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we ask the question as a function\Nof the three different lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:46.00,0:18:48.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much life satisfaction do you get?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.75,0:18:51.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we ask -- and we've done this\Nin 15 replications,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:51.88,0:18:54.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,involving thousands of people:
Dialogue: 0,0:18:54.28,0:18:56.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To what extent does\Nthe pursuit of pleasure,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:56.80,0:18:58.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pursuit of positive emotion,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.14,0:19:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pleasant life,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:00.34,0:19:03.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pursuit of engagement,\Ntime stopping for you,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.77,0:19:07.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the pursuit of meaning\Ncontribute to life satisfaction?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:07.17,0:19:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And our results surprised us;\Nthey were backward of what we thought.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:10.79,0:19:14.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It turns out the pursuit of pleasure\Nhas almost no contribution
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.32,0:19:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to life satisfaction.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:16.00,0:19:18.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pursuit of meaning is the strongest.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.55,0:19:22.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pursuit of engagement\Nis also very strong.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:23.00,0:19:27.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where pleasure matters\Nis if you have both engagement
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.66,0:19:29.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you have meaning,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:29.29,0:19:31.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then pleasure's the whipped\Ncream and the cherry.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:31.60,0:19:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which is to say, the full life --\Nthe sum is greater than the parts,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:38.15,0:19:39.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you've got all three.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:39.58,0:19:42.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Conversely, if you have none\Nof the three, the empty life,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:42.84,0:19:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sum is less than the parts.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:44.52,0:19:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we're asking now is:\NDoes the very same relationship --
Dialogue: 0,0:19:48.80,0:19:53.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,physical health, morbidity,\Nhow long you live and productivity --
Dialogue: 0,0:19:53.76,0:19:55.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,follow the same relationship?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:55.20,0:19:57.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is, in a corporation,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:57.70,0:20:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is productivity a function of positive\Nemotion, engagement and meaning?
Dialogue: 0,0:20:03.56,0:20:06.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is health a function\Nof positive engagement,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:06.75,0:20:09.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of pleasure, and of meaning in life?
Dialogue: 0,0:20:09.52,0:20:13.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there is reason to think the answer\Nto both of those may well be yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:16.20,0:20:20.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, Chris said that the last\Nspeaker had a chance
Dialogue: 0,0:20:20.66,0:20:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try to integrate what he heard,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:23.10,0:20:24.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so this was amazing for me.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.83,0:20:28.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've never been in a gathering like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:28.80,0:20:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've never seen speakers stretch\Nbeyond themselves so much,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:32.55,0:20:34.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was one of the remarkable things.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:35.00,0:20:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I found that the problems\Nof psychology seemed to be parallel
Dialogue: 0,0:20:39.00,0:20:43.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the problems of technology,\Nentertainment and design
Dialogue: 0,0:20:43.24,0:20:44.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the following way:
Dialogue: 0,0:20:44.74,0:20:48.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we all know that technology,\Nentertainment and design
Dialogue: 0,0:20:48.24,0:20:53.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been and can be used\Nfor destructive purposes.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:54.37,0:20:58.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also know that technology,\Nentertainment and design
Dialogue: 0,0:20:58.55,0:21:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be used to relieve misery.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:01.55,0:21:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by the way, the distinction\Nbetween relieving misery
Dialogue: 0,0:21:05.00,0:21:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and building happiness\Nis extremely important.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:08.00,0:21:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought, when I first became\Na therapist 30 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:11.64,0:21:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if I was good enough\Nto make someone not depressed,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:17.00,0:21:20.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not anxious, not angry,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:20.87,0:21:22.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I'd make them happy.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:22.90,0:21:24.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I never found that;
Dialogue: 0,0:21:24.30,0:21:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found the best you could ever do
Dialogue: 0,0:21:26.35,0:21:27.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was to get to zero;
Dialogue: 0,0:21:28.35,0:21:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they were empty.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:29.59,0:21:35.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it turns out the skills of happiness,\Nthe skills of the pleasant life,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:35.22,0:21:37.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the skills of engagement,\Nthe skills of meaning,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:37.61,0:21:41.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are different from the skills\Nof relieving misery.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:42.34,0:21:47.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, the parallel thing holds\Nwith technology, entertainment
Dialogue: 0,0:21:47.73,0:21:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and design, I believe.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:49.33,0:21:56.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is, it is possible\Nfor these three drivers of our world
Dialogue: 0,0:21:56.23,0:21:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to increase happiness,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:58.76,0:22:01.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to increase positive emotion.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:01.67,0:22:03.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's typically\Nhow they've been used.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:03.88,0:22:06.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But once you fractionate\Nhappiness the way I do --
Dialogue: 0,0:22:06.90,0:22:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just positive emotion,\Nthat's not nearly enough --
Dialogue: 0,0:22:10.00,0:22:13.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's flow in life,\Nand there's meaning in life.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:13.51,0:22:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As Laura Lee told us,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:15.00,0:22:18.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,design and, I believe,\Nentertainment and technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:18.69,0:22:23.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be used to increase meaning\Nengagement in life as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:23.45,0:22:25.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in conclusion,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:25.09,0:22:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the eleventh reason for optimism,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:27.54,0:22:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in addition to the space elevator,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:30.74,0:22:35.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that I think with technology,\Nentertainment and design,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:35.90,0:22:39.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can actually increase\Nthe amount of tonnage
Dialogue: 0,0:22:39.67,0:22:41.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of human happiness on the planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:42.52,0:22:46.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if technology can,\Nin the next decade or two,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:46.81,0:22:50.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increase the pleasant life,\Nthe good life and the meaningful life,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:50.70,0:22:52.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will be good enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:52.21,0:22:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If entertainment can be diverted\Nto also increase positive emotion,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:57.97,0:23:01.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meaning eudaemonia,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:01.08,0:23:02.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will be good enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:02.55,0:23:07.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if design can increase\Npositive emotion,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:08.58,0:23:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eudaemonia, and flow and meaning,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:11.60,0:23:15.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we're all doing together\Nwill become good enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:15.16,0:23:16.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:16.37,0:23:22.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)