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フィンランド北部の
私たちの街オウルが示すように

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自転車インフラの維持管理は
一年を通して可能です

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北極圏の過酷な気候であってもです

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意思あるところに
よく維持管理された自転車道あり

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やや珍しい合同契約の相手はー

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オウル市と隣町のケンペレ
それから州の道路管理局です

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合同契約のおかげで
管理の質が市境で変わったりしません

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以前は地域の最重要自転車ルートのうち
125kmをカバーする契約でした

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成果が認められ
今は150kmになりました

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ルートの多くは
オウル中心部と周辺を結んでいます

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他にも重要な環状ルートや
地区内ルートもあります

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オウル地域の自転車道の総延長は
1,000kmをゆうに超えます

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それらも当然ながら
高い品質で管理されます

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昔ながらの積雪上限値は
今も存在します

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加えていくつかの
品質上の約束事がありー

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選定された業者は
これを守ることになっています

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約束事を守ればボーナスが出て
破るとペナルティが発生します

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ペナルティはたいてい
ボーナスの倍です

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約束事は全部で
10項目あります

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自分たちが整備するルートを
自転車で走るというのもその一つ

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これまでのところ実施率は高く
ボーナスが期待されます

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これは除雪車ドライバーの本気度を
大きく向上させました

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天候や路面のチェックに
排出ゼロの乗り物を使うのも約束事です

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このエリアで使われるのは
自転車と電気自動車だけです

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実際の除雪作業で使用するのも
ユーロ6基準の車体とバイオ燃料のみ

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約束事はまだまだあります

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作業車が通った跡の
路面の品質もそうです

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除雪板だけでなく
様々な機材を活用しています

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and mostly do the work using their own workers and machines instead of subcontractors.

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This also improves the contractor's dedication to the work.

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How about the traditional snow depth limits?

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They're really tight.

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2cm of snowfall must be cleared within 3 hours.

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And the depth of 4cm must not be reached, ever.

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Not even during a snowfall, and not even for a second.

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At night from 11PM to 5AM, the depth limits are slightly higher, but this doesn't really affect or benefit the contractor.

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2cm limit basically means that when it's reached, the machine must have already started working earlier.

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It is not enough to start the engines then, since there's only 3 hours' time to clear the whole network of 150km.

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And many parts are so wide that they will need several plow rounds.

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In a normal situation, it is never allowed to exceed the maximum depth of snow, which is 4cm.

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And plowing measures should be scheduled so that 4cm never fills up.

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The only exception to this is an exceptionally heavy snowfall, which means over 20cm of snow in 4 hours.

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Which fortunately happens very rarely.

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The contractor must have enough machinery and workers to keep the path conditions within the required limits even during a _____ snowfall.

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After plowing they there must be no loose snow, slush, or snow banks on the surface that will interfere with bicycle traffic.

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No snow lumps interfering with traffic nor making the path narrower can exist on the path.

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The plowed surface must not steer the bicycle, meaning the plow teeth gap must be under 20mm.

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Not toothless blade can be used, as it would make the surface too slippery.

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And the surface must be also free of ripples.

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Maximum thickness of the hardpacked snow layer is 5cm until mid March, and then 2cm until the end of April.

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During preparation works for the spring the contractor must ensure that the hardpacked snow layer will be removed before the so-called spring time slush season begins.

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In the visibility splay area of a crossing, which is within 5m from a crossing, the maximum height of snow banks is 50cm.

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The contractor is responsible of removing any excess snow during the whole winter.

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But what if the surface starts to get too slippery?

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In the late autumn or late spring we can use a type of brine to prevent black ice, such as potassium formulate solution, which must be as environmentally friendly as possible.

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No regular salt is allowed at all.

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During actual winter we can add some sand or gravel or grit, but only if necessary.

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Some cities use so-called killer gravel, crushed rock with very very sharp edges.

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This kind of material is absolutely forbidden in our bike paths.

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The material must not cause any damage to vehicles, including bicycle tires.

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And let that sink in.

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In the contract it says: no damages to bicycles tires is allowed.

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The material we use is either a mixture of sand and natural gravel, or crushed rock with sharp edges removed so that it's friendly for bike tires and also animal paws.

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Also we do not use overkill amounts of material and we use it only when it's needed.

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In addition to this, all further friction materials must be approved by the client.

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However, very often a surface grippy enough can be achieved by just mechanically plowing the surface with a densely toothed blade.

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Here you can see different material combinations and amounts of material per area - 2 to 4 dl/m2.

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Just a regular snow-covered surface properly plowed with good blades and machinery, even without extra friction material, can offer a perfectly good grip.

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Thus, often we do not need sand or gravel or grit on the surface at all, and everyone is happy.

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And here you can see an example of surface conditions that meet quality requirements.

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An important change to a contractors work is that they are now doing customer service.

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For the customers.

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Residents of the city, not the city client.

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Important part of this is active communication, which our current contractor Oulun Konetyö has done admirably.

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In addition to the client, quality control is also done by voluntary winter maintenance "agents," who report the maintenance quality that they experienced on a weekly basis.

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Depending on the grades they give, the contractor may receive significant bonuses or sanctions.

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The contractor must also organize winter events at the bike paths 3 times a year.

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They're giving out hot juice, snacks and collecting feedback directly from the users, meeting them face to face.

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This is a great opportunity for ____ talks.

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It is also important to pay attention to the plow blade.

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A straight blade is absolutely forbidden, as it would not bite into the snow and it would produce too slippery of surface.

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Instead we use a cut-apart toothed blade, where the distance between teeth must be under 20mm.

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Hope you enjoyed this short video.

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More detailed information about the winter maintenance contract and many other things, head on to masterclass.city. Thanks.