1
00:00:01,380 --> 00:00:04,076
At various points over the past 20 years,

2
00:00:04,076 --> 00:00:07,870
I've studied two fundamental
human experiences

3
00:00:07,870 --> 00:00:10,259
that have taught me
an awful lot about emotion,

4
00:00:10,259 --> 00:00:13,706
and that may hold the keys
to a revolution in psychiatry.

5
00:00:13,975 --> 00:00:16,026
The first is how we experience music.

6
00:00:16,480 --> 00:00:19,414
The second is how we experience
psychedelic drugs

7
00:00:19,414 --> 00:00:22,042
such as LSD and magic mushrooms,

8
00:00:22,042 --> 00:00:23,164
or, psilocybin,

9
00:00:23,164 --> 00:00:25,477
which is the active component
in magic mushrooms.

10
00:00:26,182 --> 00:00:29,903
You may be wondering what these two things
have in common outside of Woodstock.

11
00:00:29,993 --> 00:00:33,560
After all, music is not
a physical substance.

12
00:00:33,817 --> 00:00:37,308
It can be described as a limited set
of vibrations in the air

13
00:00:37,308 --> 00:00:39,174
that can be detected by your ear.

14
00:00:39,501 --> 00:00:42,695
Music may seem to have more to do
with aesthetics than with biology

15
00:00:42,695 --> 00:00:43,913
or chemistry.

16
00:00:44,427 --> 00:00:47,235
Psychedelic drugs on the other hand
are physical substances.

17
00:00:47,235 --> 00:00:49,848
They are chemical compounds
that you can ingest

18
00:00:49,848 --> 00:00:52,220
that directly interact
with brain chemistry

19
00:00:52,220 --> 00:00:54,145
and change your experience of the world.

20
00:00:54,752 --> 00:00:56,945
This change is temporary,

21
00:00:56,945 --> 00:01:00,011
but the effects of this change
can alter the course of your life.

22
00:01:00,596 --> 00:01:01,649
But let's face it:

23
00:01:01,649 --> 00:01:03,277
psychedelics have the potential

24
00:01:03,277 --> 00:01:06,302
to trigger unexpected
and potentially dangerous effects.

25
00:01:06,490 --> 00:01:09,866
So what could these two very different
things possibly have in common?

26
00:01:11,533 --> 00:01:15,715
I've found that music and psychedelics
can impact our well-being

27
00:01:15,715 --> 00:01:18,074
in powerful and complementary ways.

28
00:01:18,755 --> 00:01:21,252
Music can have a direct
impact on our emotions

29
00:01:21,252 --> 00:01:23,308
with measurable impacts on the brain;

30
00:01:23,308 --> 00:01:24,485
psychedelic drugs,

31
00:01:24,485 --> 00:01:26,156
under the right circumstances,

32
00:01:26,156 --> 00:01:27,865
may have therapeutic effects.

33
00:01:28,138 --> 00:01:30,461
These effects can be manifest in patterns

34
00:01:30,461 --> 00:01:33,259
that we can study
and document with brain scans.

35
00:01:33,842 --> 00:01:36,901
And together and leveraged
in a purposeful fashion,

36
00:01:36,901 --> 00:01:39,814
music and psychedelics may have
an even greater healing impact

37
00:01:39,814 --> 00:01:40,811
on patients.

38
00:01:40,811 --> 00:01:45,387
What's more, these effects can be manifest
in healthier and happier lives

39
00:01:45,387 --> 00:01:47,228
and more integrated personalities.

40
00:01:48,100 --> 00:01:50,871
I began my journey into the mental
health benefits of music

41
00:01:50,871 --> 00:01:53,359
long before I ever intended
to make such a journey.

42
00:01:53,947 --> 00:01:56,259
For roughly half of my life
I've been a musician,

43
00:01:56,259 --> 00:01:58,068
having played in community orchestras,

44
00:01:58,068 --> 00:01:59,703
community theaters,

45
00:01:59,703 --> 00:02:00,707
wedding bands --

46
00:02:00,707 --> 00:02:01,869
a salsa-merengue band.

47
00:02:01,869 --> 00:02:06,015
I was a member of a string band
in Philadelphia for many years.

48
00:02:06,270 --> 00:02:08,587
And for the better part
of my formative years,

49
00:02:08,587 --> 00:02:11,838
I was the drummer
in a Weezer-Nirvana cover band

50
00:02:11,838 --> 00:02:13,938
that morphed into a hardcore punk band.

51
00:02:13,938 --> 00:02:14,939
(Laughter)

52
00:02:14,939 --> 00:02:15,974
That's right.

53
00:02:15,974 --> 00:02:17,523
Drummer in a punk band.

54
00:02:17,697 --> 00:02:22,268
But it wasn't until I really began
my career in psychology and neuroscience

55
00:02:22,268 --> 00:02:25,234
that I began to also appreciate

56
00:02:25,234 --> 00:02:27,601
how widely and how deeply
we as a species,

57
00:02:27,601 --> 00:02:29,930
both implicitly and explicitly,

58
00:02:29,930 --> 00:02:33,096
use music as a tool to try
to regulate our emotions

59
00:02:33,096 --> 00:02:34,163
and to heal.

60
00:02:34,420 --> 00:02:36,668
And for some us, music keeps us going.

61
00:02:36,988 --> 00:02:39,290
For others, music isn't quite enough.

62
00:02:39,843 --> 00:02:42,160
For me, this led to some
fascinating questions.

63
00:02:42,384 --> 00:02:45,787
I began to use music as a tool
to study emotion and memory in the brain.

64
00:02:46,202 --> 00:02:49,579
My first scientific study was focused
on music-evoked nostalgia.

65
00:02:49,774 --> 00:02:52,492
Nostalgia's a rich and bittersweet emotion

66
00:02:52,492 --> 00:02:55,597
that is intimately tied up
with our autobiographical memories.

67
00:02:56,188 --> 00:02:59,557
We can often encounter nostalgia
in unexpected places.

68
00:02:59,918 --> 00:03:02,843
You may have had the experience
driving down the highway,

69
00:03:02,843 --> 00:03:03,858
turning on the radio

70
00:03:03,858 --> 00:03:06,696
or firing up your favorite music
recommendation service,

71
00:03:06,696 --> 00:03:09,210
and you hear a song
you haven't heard in ages

72
00:03:09,210 --> 00:03:11,478
and you get immediately
transported back in time

73
00:03:11,478 --> 00:03:13,878
and dumped into this immersive memory --

74
00:03:13,878 --> 00:03:15,879
something you haven't
thought about in ages

75
00:03:15,879 --> 00:03:17,452
but was very meaningful to you --

76
00:03:17,452 --> 00:03:19,408
maybe wedding day or senior prom

77
00:03:19,408 --> 00:03:20,941
or the birth of your first child

78
00:03:20,941 --> 00:03:22,456
or the death of a loved one.

79
00:03:22,935 --> 00:03:25,807
Music can serve as a powerful context cue

80
00:03:25,807 --> 00:03:31,285
for deeply meaningful and intensely vivid
nostalgic memories such as these.

81
00:03:32,335 --> 00:03:35,969
Nostalgia in a sense is deeply woven
into our sense of self.

82
00:03:37,148 --> 00:03:39,400
Who are we at our most authentic selves?

83
00:03:39,400 --> 00:03:41,546
By connecting us
with our emotional histories,

84
00:03:41,546 --> 00:03:44,744
nostalgia can help us
to stave off sadness, loneliness,

85
00:03:44,744 --> 00:03:46,068
existential threat

86
00:03:46,068 --> 00:03:47,553
and even the imminence of death

87
00:03:47,553 --> 00:03:49,971
and the approaching horizon
of our lives as we age.

88
00:03:51,194 --> 00:03:55,087
To try to get a better understanding
of how music may tap into nostalgia

89
00:03:55,087 --> 00:03:57,357
and what that may be doing in the brain,

90
00:03:57,357 --> 00:04:00,721
I began to work with computational
models of music cognition.

91
00:04:00,996 --> 00:04:04,130
I applied these models
to interrogate brain activity

92
00:04:04,130 --> 00:04:07,215
that was recorded
while people were listening

93
00:04:07,215 --> 00:04:10,517
to nostalgia-evoking
and nonnostalgia-evoking music.

94
00:04:10,817 --> 00:04:12,364
And importantly --

95
00:04:12,364 --> 00:04:14,406
at least to a brain geek like me --

96
00:04:14,406 --> 00:04:17,875
I found that nostalgia was able
to recruit a wide network of brain regions

97
00:04:17,875 --> 00:04:20,795
involved in multiple levels
of difference cognitive processes.

98
00:04:20,880 --> 00:04:24,351
Whereas nonnostalgic music
could recruit brain regions

99
00:04:24,351 --> 00:04:25,673
such as Heschl's gyrus,

100
00:04:25,673 --> 00:04:27,808
involved in basic auditory processing,

101
00:04:27,808 --> 00:04:29,150
or Broca's area,

102
00:04:29,150 --> 00:04:31,345
which involved in processing
grammar and syntax

103
00:04:31,345 --> 00:04:33,865
not only in language but also in music,

104
00:04:33,865 --> 00:04:36,664
nostalgia was able to recruit
these brain regions and more.

105
00:04:36,767 --> 00:04:40,318
Brain regions such as the substantia nigra
involved in reward processing

106
00:04:40,318 --> 00:04:43,797
or the anterior insula involved
in the visceral experience of emotion

107
00:04:43,797 --> 00:04:46,629
or brain regions
in the inferior frontal gyrus

108
00:04:46,629 --> 00:04:48,837
that are involved
in autobiographical memories.

109
00:04:48,967 --> 00:04:52,056
Nostalgia was also able to recruit
a wide network of brain regions

110
00:04:52,056 --> 00:04:55,642
in prefrontal, frontal, cingulate,
insular, parietal, occipital

111
00:04:55,642 --> 00:04:57,049
and subcortical brain regions

112
00:04:57,049 --> 00:04:59,519
that span nearly all
of our cognitive faculties.

113
00:04:59,761 --> 00:05:03,375
This may explain why nostalgia
can have such an outsized impact on us.

114
00:05:03,706 --> 00:05:05,672
But as powerful as it is in the moment,

115
00:05:05,672 --> 00:05:08,806
the salve of music-evoked
nostalgia eventually fades.

116
00:05:09,340 --> 00:05:12,015
Nostalgia may be more of a Band-Aid,

117
00:05:12,015 --> 00:05:13,399
less of an antibiotic

118
00:05:13,399 --> 00:05:17,111
and typically far from a surgical
intervention for our emotional health.

119
00:05:17,811 --> 00:05:19,745
Music can draw out nostalgia

120
00:05:19,745 --> 00:05:21,912
and music and nostalgia
can move our feelings,

121
00:05:21,912 --> 00:05:23,866
but how do we make these feelings stick?

122
00:05:24,696 --> 00:05:26,480
After studying the nostalgic brain,

123
00:05:26,480 --> 00:05:28,479
I joined a team
at Johns Hopkins University

124
00:05:28,479 --> 00:05:30,855
that was studying the effects
of psychedelic drugs,

125
00:05:30,855 --> 00:05:34,516
and I quickly began to learn how deeply
a piece of music could impact a person

126
00:05:34,516 --> 00:05:36,037
during a psychedelic experience.

127
00:05:36,037 --> 00:05:39,507
I was previously vexed by the difficulty
in predicting precisely

128
00:05:39,507 --> 00:05:42,504
what musical stimulus would evoke
precisely what response

129
00:05:42,504 --> 00:05:43,905
within a given individual.

130
00:05:43,905 --> 00:05:47,707
A song that evokes nostalgia in one person
could just as easily evoke disinterest

131
00:05:47,707 --> 00:05:49,113
or disgust in another person.

132
00:05:49,277 --> 00:05:54,410
I began to learn how deeply most music
seemed to impact most people

133
00:05:54,410 --> 00:05:56,109
during psychedelic experiences.

134
00:05:56,723 --> 00:05:58,444
Since at least the late '50s,

135
00:05:58,444 --> 00:06:00,687
the value of using music to help people

136
00:06:00,687 --> 00:06:03,262
to navigate psychedelic
experiences was clear.

137
00:06:03,474 --> 00:06:06,042
We continue this tradition
in our modern research,

138
00:06:06,042 --> 00:06:08,270
asking volunteers to listen to music

139
00:06:08,270 --> 00:06:10,952
during the course
of a psychedelic therapy session,

140
00:06:10,952 --> 00:06:14,752
and despite most people being
mostly naïve to the music that we play

141
00:06:14,752 --> 00:06:16,835
before they get into the sessions,

142
00:06:16,835 --> 00:06:17,839
after these sessions,

143
00:06:17,839 --> 00:06:20,802
our volunteers practically
beg us for the playlists.

144
00:06:20,802 --> 00:06:23,780
And some of them report
returning to the songs

145
00:06:23,780 --> 00:06:26,972
that were most impactful to them
during their psychedelic experience

146
00:06:26,972 --> 00:06:29,957
weeks, months and even many years
after the experience.

147
00:06:29,957 --> 00:06:34,528
Somehow these songs
can turn into touchstones

148
00:06:34,528 --> 00:06:39,804
that can rekindle the most powerful
and impactful and insightful experiences

149
00:06:39,804 --> 00:06:43,019
that people encountered
during their psychedelic sessions.

150
00:06:43,835 --> 00:06:46,025
Of course I had to know
what was going on here.

151
00:06:46,025 --> 00:06:48,265
I began to deploy
my batteries of questionnaires

152
00:06:48,265 --> 00:06:49,976
and my carefully crafted experiments

153
00:06:49,976 --> 00:06:51,706
and my big, fancy MRI machines

154
00:06:51,706 --> 00:06:54,252
to try to determine
just what could be happening

155
00:06:54,252 --> 00:06:55,647
during these experiences

156
00:06:55,647 --> 00:07:00,572
that could explain the depth
of impact that people were encountering.

157
00:07:01,390 --> 00:07:02,896
At a basic psychological level,

158
00:07:02,896 --> 00:07:04,608
my colleagues and I determined that,

159
00:07:04,608 --> 00:07:07,287
for instance, LSD can increase
positive emotions

160
00:07:07,287 --> 00:07:09,764
that are uniquely encountered
during music listening.

161
00:07:09,764 --> 00:07:13,637
This may have relevance just by itself
for healthy individuals

162
00:07:13,637 --> 00:07:16,785
as well as people suffering from mood
and substance-use disorders.

163
00:07:16,785 --> 00:07:18,583
But what was happening in the brain?

164
00:07:20,044 --> 00:07:23,917
Earlier we learned that the entire brain
listens to nostalgic music.

165
00:07:24,859 --> 00:07:27,975
When applying computational models
of music cognition

166
00:07:27,975 --> 00:07:31,946
to interrogate brain activity
that was recorded during music listening

167
00:07:31,946 --> 00:07:33,813
under the effects of LSD,

168
00:07:33,813 --> 00:07:38,414
we found that the entire brain
was listening to music

169
00:07:38,414 --> 00:07:40,594
and psychedelics were turning up the gain.

170
00:07:41,610 --> 00:07:44,969
Where nostalgia could recruit
brain regions involved in language,

171
00:07:44,969 --> 00:07:46,011
memory and emotion,

172
00:07:46,011 --> 00:07:48,253
psychedelics were recruiting
these brain regions

173
00:07:48,253 --> 00:07:49,568
at least twice as strongly.

174
00:07:49,568 --> 00:07:51,950
Brain regions such as the thalamus

175
00:07:51,950 --> 00:07:53,954
that's involved in basic
sensory processing

176
00:07:53,954 --> 00:07:55,510
or the medial prefrontal cortex

177
00:07:55,510 --> 00:07:57,131
and the posterior singular cortex,

178
00:07:57,131 --> 00:08:00,127
which can be involved in memory
and emotion and mental imagery.

179
00:08:00,127 --> 00:08:03,455
These brain regions were recruited
up to four times as strongly

180
00:08:03,455 --> 00:08:05,975
during the effects of LSD
than without LSD.

181
00:08:07,338 --> 00:08:10,447
Psychedelics turn the nob up to 11.

182
00:08:10,978 --> 00:08:14,070
Sensory information is more
richly experienced in the brain;

183
00:08:14,070 --> 00:08:17,316
emotions, memories
and mental imagery are supercharged,

184
00:08:17,316 --> 00:08:19,973
and it may be the wholesale
and strong recruitment

185
00:08:19,973 --> 00:08:24,164
of a wide range of brain regions
during these experiences

186
00:08:24,164 --> 00:08:26,377
that is the necessary key
to unlocking change

187
00:08:26,377 --> 00:08:30,177
that sets these drugs
and these experiences apart from others.

188
00:08:30,793 --> 00:08:32,759
And the effects can be long-lasting.

189
00:08:33,576 --> 00:08:35,193
In a study of healthy individuals,

190
00:08:35,193 --> 00:08:37,624
I demonstrated that a single
high dose of psilocybin

191
00:08:37,624 --> 00:08:41,698
could reduce negative affect in volunteers
for at least a week after psilocybin,

192
00:08:41,698 --> 00:08:43,140
and increased positive affect

193
00:08:43,140 --> 00:08:46,480
for at least a month after a single
high dose of psilocybin.

194
00:08:46,831 --> 00:08:48,490
The reduction in negative affect

195
00:08:48,490 --> 00:08:50,934
that we observed after
psilocybin administration

196
00:08:50,934 --> 00:08:54,336
was accompanied by a reduction
one week after psilocybin

197
00:08:54,336 --> 00:08:57,301
in the response of a primitive
brain region called the amygdala

198
00:08:57,301 --> 00:08:58,834
to emotional stimuli.

199
00:08:58,936 --> 00:09:03,204
In a separate study in patients
with major depressive disorder,

200
00:09:03,204 --> 00:09:07,537
not only did we observe a substantial
decrease in depression severity

201
00:09:07,537 --> 00:09:10,920
in most of our patients
after two doses of psilocybin,

202
00:09:10,920 --> 00:09:15,036
but we also observed a reduction
in the amygdala response

203
00:09:15,036 --> 00:09:16,738
to negative affective stimuli,

204
00:09:16,738 --> 00:09:19,862
specifically one week after psilocybin.

205
00:09:20,355 --> 00:09:22,186
This reduction in amygdala response

206
00:09:22,186 --> 00:09:25,436
was associated with an enduring
reduction in depression severity

207
00:09:25,436 --> 00:09:28,145
for at least three months
after psilocybin administration,

208
00:09:28,145 --> 00:09:29,948
but frankly, we're still counting.

209
00:09:31,073 --> 00:09:32,641
So what does this all mean?

210
00:09:33,657 --> 00:09:38,160
It means that music
and psychedelics may be able

211
00:09:38,160 --> 00:09:41,974
to alter the entire brain
for a period of time,

212
00:09:41,974 --> 00:09:46,172
and that may lead to a change
in neurocircuitry

213
00:09:46,172 --> 00:09:49,223
that may be stuck in patterns
of negative emotional bias.

214
00:09:49,633 --> 00:09:53,041
This may be able to give people
a period of relief

215
00:09:53,041 --> 00:09:55,575
from the grip and the claws
of negative emotion.

216
00:09:56,675 --> 00:10:00,437
And that may be just enough to give
someone access to new perspectives

217
00:10:00,437 --> 00:10:01,927
on their selves and their lives

218
00:10:01,927 --> 00:10:04,662
and begin on the road to healing
from years of depression.

219
00:10:06,428 --> 00:10:09,093
These drugs are early
in stages of research,

220
00:10:09,093 --> 00:10:13,148
but they're now being researched
for a wide range of medical indications.

221
00:10:13,669 --> 00:10:14,814
There's evidence growing

222
00:10:14,814 --> 00:10:18,055
that psychedelics may be effective
in helping to treat mood disorders

223
00:10:18,055 --> 00:10:19,679
such as major depressive disorder,

224
00:10:19,679 --> 00:10:21,108
treatment-resistant depression

225
00:10:21,108 --> 00:10:22,550
and the depression and anxiety

226
00:10:22,550 --> 00:10:24,648
that accompany a late-stage
cancer diagnosis.

227
00:10:24,834 --> 00:10:28,117
There's also eveidence accumulating
that psychedelics may be effective

228
00:10:28,117 --> 00:10:30,937
in helping to treat a wide range
of substance-use disorders,

229
00:10:30,937 --> 00:10:32,984
including smoking, drinking
and cocaine use.

230
00:10:33,086 --> 00:10:35,486
Additional studies
are either being planned

231
00:10:35,486 --> 00:10:37,295
or are already underway

232
00:10:37,295 --> 00:10:40,207
to determine whether psychedelics
may be effective in treating

233
00:10:40,207 --> 00:10:42,538
an even wider range
of intractable disorders

234
00:10:42,538 --> 00:10:45,187
such as OCD, PTSD,

235
00:10:45,187 --> 00:10:46,272
opioid-use disorder

236
00:10:46,272 --> 00:10:47,323
and anorexia.

237
00:10:48,536 --> 00:10:51,155
At this point it might be reasonable
to take a step back

238
00:10:51,155 --> 00:10:54,140
and say, "Are psychedelics
being sold as a panacea?"

239
00:10:54,278 --> 00:10:56,528
And if so, we should
be rightfully skeptical.

240
00:10:56,832 --> 00:11:00,842
Why should we expect such a small family
of compounds to be so effective

241
00:11:00,842 --> 00:11:03,593
in treating such a wide range
of disparate disorders?

242
00:11:05,398 --> 00:11:07,783
Here's a perspective we might consider.

243
00:11:08,714 --> 00:11:11,294
Some of these disorders
share a common thread.

244
00:11:12,515 --> 00:11:14,626
At some level,

245
00:11:14,626 --> 00:11:17,981
mood disorders and substance-use disorders
involve negative affect

246
00:11:17,981 --> 00:11:20,663
and a disconnection
from our most authentic selves.

247
00:11:21,781 --> 00:11:24,031
Psychedelics may break that mold.

248
00:11:25,034 --> 00:11:28,276
Psychedelics and music
may represent a one-two punch

249
00:11:28,276 --> 00:11:32,810
that can operate on psychological
neural processes such as negative affect

250
00:11:32,810 --> 00:11:35,291
that cut across and contribute
to multiple disorders.

251
00:11:35,433 --> 00:11:39,726
It may be that targeting
such transdiagnostic processes

252
00:11:39,726 --> 00:11:43,292
is what's necessary to really help people

253
00:11:43,292 --> 00:11:46,972
to develop the resources
that they need to begin to recover

254
00:11:46,972 --> 00:11:49,524
from years of depression
and substance use.

255
00:11:50,465 --> 00:11:53,554
They say you never get a second chance
to make a first impression,

256
00:11:53,554 --> 00:11:55,576
and that may be true
for psychedelic drugs.

257
00:11:55,576 --> 00:11:58,604
After all, no matter
how much data come out

258
00:11:58,604 --> 00:12:01,927
for the potential of therapeutic
effects of these drugs,

259
00:12:01,927 --> 00:12:05,527
there are still some who are stuck
on the stigma from the '60s and '70s:

260
00:12:05,527 --> 00:12:08,114
myths of the wildly addictive
properties of these drugs

261
00:12:08,114 --> 00:12:09,931
or myths of genetic abnormalities

262
00:12:09,931 --> 00:12:12,432
or birth defects after
being exposed to these drugs

263
00:12:12,432 --> 00:12:14,762
or fears that people
are going to lose their minds

264
00:12:14,762 --> 00:12:15,784
and go insane --

265
00:12:15,784 --> 00:12:17,128
or maybe even most pervasive

266
00:12:17,128 --> 00:12:20,206
is the sense that these effects
are necessarily real

267
00:12:20,206 --> 00:12:24,728
and that they're a necessary outcome
of having been exposed to these compounds.

268
00:12:25,563 --> 00:12:28,511
It may be time to change
our thinking on that point.

269
00:12:29,603 --> 00:12:32,482
No one should expect psychedelic
drugs to work for everyone.

270
00:12:32,685 --> 00:12:35,584
No one should expect psychedelic
drugs to work for everything.

271
00:12:35,741 --> 00:12:37,276
They're powerful compounds

272
00:12:37,276 --> 00:12:41,871
that need to be administered
under carefully controlled circumstances.

273
00:12:42,434 --> 00:12:44,839
And there are almost certainly
people in this world

274
00:12:44,839 --> 00:12:47,045
for whom psychedelics
are incredibly dangerous.

275
00:12:48,086 --> 00:12:49,775
But ...

276
00:12:49,775 --> 00:12:53,866
antibiotics administered to the wrong
person under the wrong conditions

277
00:12:53,866 --> 00:12:55,201
can be incredibly dangerous,

278
00:12:55,201 --> 00:12:56,209
if not worse.

279
00:12:56,837 --> 00:12:59,835
But administered to the right person
under the right conditions,

280
00:12:59,835 --> 00:13:01,438
antibiotics save lives.

281
00:13:02,353 --> 00:13:05,811
Administered to the right people
under the right conditions,

282
00:13:05,811 --> 00:13:08,330
psychedelic drugs may save lives.

283
00:13:11,066 --> 00:13:13,765
It can often feel like it's impossible

284
00:13:13,765 --> 00:13:16,140
to heal our hearts and our minds

285
00:13:16,140 --> 00:13:17,274
and to grow,

286
00:13:17,274 --> 00:13:20,796
but I truly believe that we all have
the resources within ourselves

287
00:13:20,796 --> 00:13:21,914
to do just that.

288
00:13:21,914 --> 00:13:26,519
The challenge is often identifying
and connecting with those resources,

289
00:13:26,519 --> 00:13:29,618
and it may be that psychedelics
and music can help people

290
00:13:29,618 --> 00:13:30,816
to do just that.

291
00:13:32,030 --> 00:13:36,985
Together, psychedelics and music
may be able to open our minds to change

292
00:13:36,985 --> 00:13:38,650
and direct that change,

293
00:13:38,650 --> 00:13:42,033
reconnect us with our most
authentic selves

294
00:13:42,033 --> 00:13:44,431
and allow us access to the things

295
00:13:44,431 --> 00:13:47,194
that really allow us to make
meaning in this world

296
00:13:47,194 --> 00:13:48,484
and reconnect

297
00:13:48,484 --> 00:13:50,646
with our most authentic selves.

298
00:13:51,249 --> 00:13:52,344
Thank you.

299
00:13:52,344 --> 00:13:54,361
(Applause)