WEBVTT

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每年12月

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我最后一期节目

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都会选一款我玩过的年度最佳创新游戏

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前几年我选择了视频侦探剧《她的故事》

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诡异聊天机器人《Event[0]》

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蛇行模拟器《蛇道》

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以及时间倒流凶杀解谜《奥伯拉丁的回归》

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它们带来我从未见过的玩法

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无论创意和效果都令人印象深刻

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它们可能没法成为年度最佳游戏

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但说到立意新奇、实现出色

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我绝对会推荐它们

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其实我今年有许多游戏可选

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比如无战斗RPG《极乐迪斯科》

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滑稽整人游戏《鹅作剧》

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科幻考古游戏《星际拓荒》

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以及另一款科幻考古游戏《天堂之穹》

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但今年

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没什么能企及这款烧脑益智解谜

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《巴巴是你》

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那么

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乍一看

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游戏挺简单的

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你四处走动、移动障碍

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看着就像“推箱子”解谜的衍生

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源自日本经典游戏

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《仓库番》

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但接着游戏就有点奇怪了

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每一关

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游戏规则就是屏幕上的简单句子

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比如“Baba Is You”

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是指你控制着这只白色小不点“巴巴”

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是指你不能穿过墙壁

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“Rock Is Push”是指你能推动石头

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而“Flag Is Win”

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是指碰到旗帜就通关

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然后关键来了

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这些规则本身

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也是能被移动的箱子

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你可以打破已有的关卡逻辑

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通过改写规则创造全新玩法

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比如推开“Wall Is Stop”的“Stop”

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（“遇墙即停”的“停”）

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你就能穿过墙壁

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把“Flag Is Win”变成“Rock Is Win”

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石头就成了通关目标

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要是把“Rock”推到这

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（“石头是你”）

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游戏主角就变成一块褐色小石头

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有趣

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所以在200多关中

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解法通常不是直奔目标

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而是改写游戏规则

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直到目标变得唾手可及

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这过程脑洞无限

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惊喜无穷

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虽难，但远非不可能

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每一关都是启发之旅，伴随令人满足的顿悟

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如果你还没玩过

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现在就暂停视频

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去Steam或Switch eShop

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买来试试

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希望你会喜欢

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但玩完后记得回来

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我们会聊聊这些烧脑谜题是如何设计的

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《巴巴是你》是芬兰独立开发者Arvi Teikari的智慧结晶

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他4月回邮件告诉我

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游戏点子源自2017年的北欧Game Jam

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当时主题是“Not There（不在那）”

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“Not”一词让他想到编程语言里的逻辑运算符

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结合推箱子解谜玩法，如《蛇鹈鸟》

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和《史蒂芬的香肠卷》

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他想到了“冰不会在岩浆里融化”的画面

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“因为有命题‘冰不融化’”

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这款简陋的游戏原型最终赢得冠军

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因为反响热烈

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Teikari决定把这款不成熟的参赛作品

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做成完整的商业产品

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两年后

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他为玩家带来了219个精妙绝伦的关卡挑战

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那么说到底

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《巴巴是你》的关卡是如何设计？

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首先

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Teikari基于游戏世界丰富的语法规则

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想出一个有趣的交互或场景

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比如“Pull（拖）”

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就让他想到Keke拖着钥匙穿过湖面

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（Keke是粉红小人）

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比如“Tele（传送）”不一定传送物体

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而是用来传送词语改变规则

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而“Has（拥有）”

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则带来这关：每次Keke死亡就掉落木箱

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而木箱又会立刻变成Keke

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厉害

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在今年巴塞罗那Gamelab Conference上

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Teikari说

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如果我觉得“嘿，这点子做进关卡很酷”

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我就会琢磨

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关卡要做成什么样

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才能让玩家游玩时

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必须用到那个点子

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这就是游戏内核最令人着迷的矛盾之美

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因为

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虽然它看似提供数不清的通关可能

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谜题的精髓却在于“你不能做什么”

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因为做个“开放式解谜游戏”只是听着不错

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玩起来却太简单

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如《涂鸦冒险家》

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一半关卡都能输入“jetpack（喷气书包）”通关

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所以设计师需要约束玩家

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限制玩家

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在游戏中

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这些限制体现于关卡词汇的选择

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某些语句被推到墙角

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或被障碍围住

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以及限制你行动的幽闭迷宫阵

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借助这些限制

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设计师就能屏蔽简单解法

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逼你找到揭开谜底的关键步骤

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Teikari称之为“逆向工程”

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就是从谜底出发

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然后往前推

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加入限制

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并造就一道谜题

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举个例子

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请看关卡“Baba Doesn't Respond”

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这关你扮演Keke

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解法是用两条传送带帮移动的巴巴转向

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那设计师是怎样逼你想到的？

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好

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首先用墙壁和上锁的门隔开Keke与旗帜

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然后加条规则，如“Door Is Shut And Open（门关上又打开）”

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我们把“Shut”推进去

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就能去旗帜那了

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但如果在这放芦苇

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触发第一条规则会让“Reed Is Defeat（芦苇即失败）”同时成立

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Keke就会突然受困

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所以门开了你也过不去

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唔

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有意思

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这时，玩家应该想到他们得先让Keke站在这个位置

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再去触发规则

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所以他们要想：如何从远处触发规则

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答案是：巴巴会移动

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但关卡可能太简单：如果把巴巴放这

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组成“Baba Is Move”

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右移到门与芦苇间

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等巴巴把“Shut”推进去

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所以，得加些限制

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这个树篱意味着巴巴只有很短的助跑距离

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然后把“Move（移动）”放角落，意味着它不能…

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呃，移动

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因此“Baba Is Move”

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必须在屏幕左下角组装

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这两点让玩家无法在拼出“Baba Is Move”后

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及时走到那个关键位置

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因为Keke到那之前，巴巴早已激活“Read is Defeat（芦苇即失败）”

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所以

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你必须用传送带为巴巴创建一条更长的助跑路径

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即《咻咻火箭》模式

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（世嘉1999年在Dreamcast上推出的益智游戏）

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先给你足够时间穿越地图

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再让巴巴触发规则改变

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最后就是为关卡加点装饰

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还有些元素用于限制玩家行动

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或防止意外解法

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不过，很多意外解法会被保留

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前提是不破坏核心解法

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所以如你所见

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谜题的解法其实很简单

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但通过把谜底藏在一系列障碍之后

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我们看到了这种有趣现象

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Teikari从谜底逆流而上

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一步步关上门，直到做出开局的迷面

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然后玩家反向行动

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他们打开一扇扇门，直到揭开谜底

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通过这种设计方式

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玩家其实是被诱导着找到答案的

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每关都由一些看似无解的小障碍组成

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迫使玩家从不同角度、用更富创意的方式去思考

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这些小障碍一环扣一环

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铺就一条指向谜底的路

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请看我最喜欢的一关

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这一关，你要把“Win”从池塘里推出来

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水能“Shut（关闭）”

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巴巴能“Open（打开）”

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意味着你可以走进水里打开口子

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但巴巴会一命呜呼

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所以，只能另想办法

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我们还有两个词

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“Key（钥匙）”和“Flag（旗帜）”

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可以组成“Key Is Open（钥匙能打开）”

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但因为缺动词“Push（推）”

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钥匙动不了

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移动钥匙的唯一办法是组成“Key Is You（钥匙是你）”

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但后果跟刚才一样

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你一碰水就完蛋

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这时如果你能想到

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“好吧”

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“或许我得同时是钥匙和巴巴”

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“因为”

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“其中一个死了，我还能控制另一个”

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但可惜

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这里没有足够的词语组句

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然而

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经过一系列的逻辑跳跃思考

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你会发现只有一个可行办法：

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组合“Flag Is Key（旗帜是钥匙）”

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你得到两条钥匙

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接着组合“Key Is You（钥匙是你）”

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你就能控制两者

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牺牲一条在水里开个口

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然后用剩下那条通关

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这实在很妙

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这关卡布局

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让人很自然地想到解谜关键：

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我们要去开口子

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但又不能因此消灭自己

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所以我们走上了寻找答案的正道

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最终迎来顿悟一刻

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如果这是你在游戏里玩的第一关

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我觉得你会…

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一脸懵逼

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但幸运的是，你对《巴巴是你》的认识会随着关卡进行

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而不断加深

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“Tiny Pond”脱胎于关卡“Jelly Throne”

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后者教会你同时控制两个角色

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“Tiny Pond”的解法又会在“Unreachable Shores”复现

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你要牺牲一个Keke

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让幸存的Keke前进

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这种学习过程从游戏第零关就开始了

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虽然《巴巴是你》是个相当复杂的解谜游戏

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其中也没有专门教程

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但游戏最初几关却润物细无声地

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用关卡解法传授游戏机制

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第一关，你被困于一个小盒子

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脱困的唯一办法

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就是拆开“Wall is Stop（遇墙即停）”

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让墙壁不再挡路

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接着，组合出“Flag is Win（旗帜即赢）”就能通关

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拆解和组合语句

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游戏最基本的两个概念

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第二关布局完全一样

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但一切都错乱了

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你是一堵墙

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被旗帜挡住了

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巴巴不见踪影

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这是告诉玩家，游戏中的元素没有固定含义

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只有在规则中才被赋予意义

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这类引导贯穿游戏最初几关

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它通过解法向玩家展示之后会用到的基本概念

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这里的“Lava Is Push（岩浆能被推）”覆盖了“Lava Is Hot（岩浆是热的）”

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而这里，我们则学会用“Is”连接两个语句

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只要摆成十字即可

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游戏会继续在冒险过程中引入新点子和新概念

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而每回抛出新概念

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如连接词“And”

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或“Open”与“Shut”

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你都会迎来教学关

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为你清晰展示机制

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我问Teikari怎么做出这些教学关

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他说

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“如果我遍历元素间全部有意义的交互后”

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“某些关卡的解谜关键”

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“聚焦于一个特定元素的基础功能”

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“那它就会被放在章节开头”

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“作为后续关卡的教学”

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虽然《巴巴是你》会让你在每关刚上手时抓耳挠腮

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通关后又沾沾自喜

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但Teikari真正想营造的却是惊喜与欢笑的时刻

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哈哈哈…

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这里没规定“遇墙即停”

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哈哈哈…

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我傻不拉唧地把自己困在这小框里

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太不应该了

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你肯定也试过这样

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带着自己的惯性思维去玩

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以这关为例

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大多数玩家以为要打开的是门

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其实要打开的是墙

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游戏还有一些超脱基础设定的脑洞

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如“Empty”允许你控制或填补关卡空白的地方

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“Make”允许你边移动边制造物体

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“More”允许你复制钥匙，直到它们填满区域

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正如游戏最初的点子

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（“Ice Is Not Melt 冰不融化”）

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“Not”置于句子开头表示否定

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此外，为了充分挖掘每种交互可能

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（这跟乔纳森·布洛的《时空幻境》设计哲学类似）

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Teikari把“Text”加入词库

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允许你用规则来操纵“规则”

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引入“Level”后

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你不但能移动整个屏幕

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还能跳出关卡

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在地图页到处蹦跶，用元游戏的方式探索游戏底层逻辑

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当然，还有很多点子被砍掉了

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Teikari说词语“Stick”

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能把物体粘在一起

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删除它是因为会产生噩梦般的编程问题

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“Safe”能让物体变得无敌

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因为用法模糊且无趣也被砍掉了

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但在我看来，并非所有入选的游戏元素都无懈可击

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有一关你要把Keke困在词语下方

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然后把词语推出来

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又困难又费解

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“Swap（交换）”与“Tele（传送）”类似

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却没那么酷

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不过游戏有200多关

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玩家无法参透一小部分关卡也很正常

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但Teikari找来一大批游戏测试员提供关卡反馈

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挖掘其它解法

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“非常感谢测试人员为游戏所做的一切”，他说

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不看不知道，这群测试员

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都是旗鼓相当的谜题大师

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这些开发者来自《Ending》

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《雪人难堆》

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《推管天国》

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《白色深渊》

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和《见证者》

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《巴巴是你》是款惊喜、搞笑

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令人绞尽脑汁的游戏

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它本可能会因难度太高

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深奥难懂

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或谜题设计糟糕而失败

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但Teikari证明了自己是个谜题设计大师

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他一步步巧妙地教会你复杂机制

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让人人都能上手

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借助“逆向工程”

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他把解谜诀窍藏于层层障碍之后

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但那绝不是转移视线的无聊伎俩

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而是引导玩家深入谜题核心的精彩手段

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而且Teikari热爱惊喜趣味胜于困难折磨

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希望游戏带给你欢乐

00:15:18.170 --> 00:15:20.270
远多于沮丧

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这款杰出的解谜游戏

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立意新奇，实现完美

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是当之无愧的年度创新

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嘿，感谢收看！

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我想说，感谢大家今年对我的支持

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我为自己的成果而自豪

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你们的支持意义重大

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我已经想到一大堆2020年的节目点子

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但现在先休息下

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祝大家圣诞快乐

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我们新年见