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Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.07,0:00:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want a glimpse \Nof Marie Curie's manuscripts,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.56,0:00:13.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll have to sign a waiver and put on\Nprotective gear
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.41,0:00:16.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to shield yourself \Nfrom radiation contamination.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.72,0:00:21.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Madame Curie's remains, too,\Nwere interred in a lead-lined coffin,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.19,0:00:24.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keeping the radiation that was the heart\Nof her research,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.05,0:00:27.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and likely the cause of her death,\Nwell contained.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.86,0:00:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Growing up in Warsaw \Nin Russian-occupied Poland,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.08,0:00:34.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the young Marie, originally named\NMaria Sklodowska,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.67,0:00:38.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a brilliant student,\Nbut she faced some challenging barriers.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.87,0:00:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a woman, she was barred from pursuing\Nhigher education,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.50,0:00:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so in an act of defiance,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.52,0:00:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marie enrolled in the Floating University,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.48,0:00:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a secret institution that provided\Nclandestine education to Polish youth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.86,0:00:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By saving money and working\Nas a governess and tutor,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.68,0:01:00.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she eventually was able to move to Paris\Nto study at the reputed Sorbonne.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.55,0:01:03.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There, Marie earned both a physics\Nand mathematics degree
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.66,0:01:05.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,surviving largely on bread and tea,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.94,0:01:09.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sometimes fainting \Nfrom near starvation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.01,0:01:11.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Paris, Marie met the physicist \NPierre Curie,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.84,0:01:15.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who shared his lab and his heart with her.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.10,0:01:17.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But she longed to be back in Poland.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.62,0:01:19.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Upon her return to Warsaw, though,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.24,0:01:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she found that securing \Nan academic position as a woman
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.88,0:01:23.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,remained a challenge.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.62,0:01:25.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All was not lost.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.02,0:01:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Back in Paris, \Nthe lovelorn Pierre was waiting,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.40,0:01:31.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the pair quickly married and became\Na formidable scientific team.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.14,0:01:35.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another physicist's work sparked\NMarie Curie's interest.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.12,0:01:41.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1896, Henri Becquerel discovered\Nthat uranium spontaneously emitted
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.18,0:01:47.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a mysterious X-ray-like radiation that\Ncould interact with photographic film.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.07,0:01:51.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Curie soon found that the element\Nthorium emitted similar radiation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.55,0:01:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most importantly, \Nthe strength of the radiation
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.00,0:01:57.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depended solely on the element's quantity,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.26,0:02:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was not affected by physical\Nor chemical changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.78,0:02:04.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This led her to conclude that radiation\Nwas coming from something fundamental
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.49,0:02:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within the atoms of each element.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.37,0:02:08.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea was radical
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.66,0:02:14.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and helped to disprove the long-standing\Nmodel of atoms as indivisible objects.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.04,0:02:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next, by focusing on a super radioactive \Nore called pitchblende,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.44,0:02:23.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Curies realized that uranium alone\Ncouldn't be creating all the radiation.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.91,0:02:28.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, were there other radioactive elements\Nthat might be responsible?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.52,0:02:32.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1898, they reported two new elements,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.46,0:02:35.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,polonium, named for Marie's native Poland,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.41,0:02:38.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and radium, the Latin word for ray.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.43,0:02:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also coined the term radioactivity\Nalong the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.38,0:02:48.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 1902, the Curies had extracted a tenth\Nof a gram of pure radium chloride salt
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.72,0:02:51.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from several tons of pitchblende,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.29,0:02:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an incredible feat at the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.54,0:02:56.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Later that year, Pierre Curie \Nand Henri Becquerel
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.48,0:02:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were nominated for \Nthe Nobel Prize in physics,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.34,0:03:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Marie was overlooked.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.10,0:03:04.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pierre took a stand in support\Nof his wife's well-earned recognition.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.77,0:03:11.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so both of the Curies and Becquerel\Nshared the 1903 Nobel Prize,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.23,0:03:16.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making Marie Curie the first female\NNobel Laureate.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.12,0:03:20.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well funded and well respected,\Nthe Curies were on a roll.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.05,0:03:24.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But tragedy struck in 1906 when Pierre\Nwas crushed by a horse-drawn cart
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.69,0:03:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as he crossed a busy intersection.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.04,0:03:29.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marie, devastated, immersed herself\Nin her research
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.89,0:03:32.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and took over Pierre's teaching position\Nat the Sorbonne,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.82,0:03:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,becoming the school's \Nfirst female professor.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.06,0:03:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her solo work was fruitful.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.36,0:03:40.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1911, she won yet another Nobel,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.73,0:03:44.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this time in chemistry for her earlier\Ndiscovery of radium and polonium,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.87,0:03:49.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and her extraction and analysis of\Npure radium and its compounds.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.35,0:03:51.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This made her the first, \Nand to this date,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.53,0:03:56.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only person to win Nobel Prizes\Nin two different sciences.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.37,0:03:58.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Professor Curie put \Nher discoveries to work,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.96,0:04:02.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changing the landscape of medical research\Nand treatments.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.22,0:04:05.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She opened mobile radiology units\Nduring World War I,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.35,0:04:08.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and investigated radiation's\Neffects on tumors.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.78,0:04:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, these benefits to humanity\Nmay have come at a high personal cost.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.77,0:04:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Curie died in 1934 of \Na bone marrow disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.98,0:04:19.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which many today think was caused\Nby her radiation exposure.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.68,0:04:22.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marie Curie's revolutionary research
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.76,0:04:26.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,laid the groundwork for our understanding\Nof physics and chemistry,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.02,0:04:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blazing trails in oncology, technology, \Nmedicine, and nuclear physics,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.32,0:04:33.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to name a few.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.42,0:04:37.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For good or ill, her discoveries \Nin radiation launched a new era,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.33,0:04:40.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unearthing some of \Nscience's greatest secrets.