0:00:00.960,0:00:02.376
For several years now,

0:00:02.400,0:00:06.520
we've been engaged in a national debate[br]about sexual assault on campus.

0:00:07.160,0:00:08.376
No question --

0:00:08.400,0:00:12.600
it's crucial that young people[br]understand the ground rules for consent,

0:00:13.360,0:00:16.360
but that's where the conversation[br]about sex is ending.

0:00:17.040,0:00:19.096
And in that vacuum of information

0:00:19.120,0:00:21.096
the media and the Internet --

0:00:21.120,0:00:22.856
that new digital street corner --

0:00:22.880,0:00:25.160
are educating our kids for us.

0:00:26.200,0:00:31.336
If we truly want young people[br]to engage safely, ethically,

0:00:31.360,0:00:34.056
and yes, enjoyably,

0:00:34.080,0:00:39.840
it's time to have open honest discussion[br]about what happens after "yes,"

0:00:40.680,0:00:43.856
and that includes breaking[br]the biggest taboo of all

0:00:43.880,0:00:45.616
and talking to young people

0:00:45.640,0:00:50.040
about women's capacity for[br]and entitlement to sexual pleasure.

0:00:51.440,0:00:52.656
Yeah.

0:00:52.680,0:00:53.696
(Applause)

0:00:53.720,0:00:54.936
Come on, ladies.

0:00:54.960,0:00:56.856
(Applause)

0:00:56.880,0:01:00.696
I spent three years[br]talking to girls ages 15 to 20

0:01:00.720,0:01:03.656
about their attitudes[br]and experience of sex.

0:01:03.680,0:01:05.096
And what I found was

0:01:05.120,0:01:09.416
that while young women may feel[br]entitled to engage in sexual behavior,

0:01:09.440,0:01:12.520
they don't necessarily[br]feel entitled to enjoy it.

0:01:13.240,0:01:15.376
Take this sophomore[br]at the Ivy League college

0:01:15.400,0:01:16.616
who told me,

0:01:16.640,0:01:19.896
"I come from a long line[br]of smart, strong women.

0:01:19.920,0:01:22.136
My grandmother was a firecracker,

0:01:22.160,0:01:24.016
my mom is a professional,

0:01:24.040,0:01:27.400
my sister and I are loud,[br]and that's our form of feminine power."

0:01:28.360,0:01:31.056
She then proceeded[br]to describe her sex life to me:

0:01:31.080,0:01:33.136
a series of one-off hookups,

0:01:33.160,0:01:34.896
starting when she was 13,

0:01:34.920,0:01:36.376
that were ...

0:01:36.400,0:01:38.496
not especially responsible,

0:01:38.520,0:01:40.656
not especially reciprocal

0:01:40.680,0:01:42.160
and not especially enjoyable.

0:01:43.080,0:01:44.696
She shrugged.

0:01:44.720,0:01:48.336
"I guess we girls are just socialized[br]to be these docile creatures

0:01:48.360,0:01:50.600
who don't express our wants or needs."

0:01:51.560,0:01:53.136
"Wait a minute," I replied.

0:01:53.160,0:01:56.240
"Didn't you just tell me[br]what a smart, strong woman you are?"

0:01:57.000,0:01:58.400
She hemmed and hawed.

0:01:59.040,0:02:00.896
"I guess," she finally said,

0:02:00.920,0:02:04.440
"no one told me that that smart,[br]strong image applies to sex."

0:02:05.920,0:02:08.895
I should probably say right up top[br]that despite the hype,

0:02:08.919,0:02:13.816
teenagers are not engaging in intercourse[br]more often or at a younger age

0:02:13.840,0:02:16.056
than they were 25 years ago.

0:02:16.080,0:02:19.736
They are, however,[br]engaging in other behavior.

0:02:19.760,0:02:21.336
And when we ignore that,

0:02:21.360,0:02:23.840
when we label that as "not sex,"

0:02:24.600,0:02:28.040
that opens the door[br]to risky behavior and disrespect.

0:02:29.040,0:02:31.576
That's particularly true of oral sex,

0:02:31.600,0:02:35.496
which teenagers consider[br]to be less intimate than intercourse.

0:02:35.520,0:02:38.416
Girls would tell me, "it's no big deal,"

0:02:38.440,0:02:41.496
like they'd all read[br]the same instruction manual --

0:02:41.520,0:02:44.520
at least if boys[br]were on the receiving end.

0:02:45.600,0:02:48.456
Young women have lots[br]of reasons for participating.

0:02:48.480,0:02:50.176
It made them feel desired;

0:02:50.200,0:02:52.776
it was a way to boost social status.

0:02:52.800,0:02:55.880
Sometimes, it was a way[br]to get out of an uncomfortable situation.

0:02:56.560,0:02:59.616
As a freshman at a West Coast[br]college said to me,

0:02:59.640,0:03:02.376
"A girl will give a guy a blow job[br]at the end of the night

0:03:02.400,0:03:04.576
because she doesn't[br]want to have sex with him,

0:03:04.600,0:03:06.696
and he expects to be satisfied.

0:03:06.720,0:03:08.576
So, if I want him to leave

0:03:08.600,0:03:10.553
and I don't want anything to happen ... "

0:03:12.720,0:03:16.856
I heard so many stories[br]of girls performing one-sided oral sex

0:03:16.880,0:03:18.896
that I started asking,

0:03:18.920,0:03:21.176
"What if every time[br]you were alone with a guy,

0:03:21.200,0:03:24.176
he told you to get him[br]a glass of water from the kitchen,

0:03:24.200,0:03:27.536
and he never got you a glass of water --

0:03:27.560,0:03:29.040
or if he did, it was like ...

0:03:31.880,0:03:33.080
'you want me to uh ...?'"

0:03:33.920,0:03:35.320
You know, totally begrudging.

0:03:36.000,0:03:37.960
You wouldn't stand for it.

0:03:38.960,0:03:41.576
But it wasn't always[br]that boys didn't want to.

0:03:41.600,0:03:44.256
It was that girls didn't want them to.

0:03:44.280,0:03:47.456
Girls expressed a sense of shame[br]around their genitals.

0:03:47.480,0:03:51.240
A sense that they were[br]simultaneously icky and sacred.

0:03:52.320,0:03:54.136
Women's feelings about their genitals

0:03:54.160,0:03:57.280
have been directly linked[br]to their enjoyment of sex.

0:03:58.160,0:04:01.696
Yet, Debby Herbenick,[br]a researcher at Indiana University,

0:04:01.720,0:04:06.296
believes that girls' genital[br]self-image is under siege,

0:04:06.320,0:04:07.976
with more pressure than ever

0:04:08.000,0:04:11.520
to see them as unacceptable[br]in their natural state.

0:04:12.560,0:04:13.776
According to research,

0:04:13.800,0:04:18.216
about three-quarters of college women[br]remove their pubic hair -- all of it --

0:04:18.240,0:04:19.896
at least on occasion,

0:04:19.920,0:04:22.200
and more than half do so regularly.

0:04:23.200,0:04:27.336
Girls would tell me that hair removal[br]made them feel cleaner,

0:04:27.360,0:04:29.200
that it was a personal choice.

0:04:30.840,0:04:35.056
Though, I kind of wondered[br]if left alone on a desert island,

0:04:35.080,0:04:38.096
if this was how they would[br]choose to spend their time.

0:04:38.120,0:04:39.656
(Laughter)

0:04:39.680,0:04:41.096
And when I pushed further,

0:04:41.120,0:04:43.256
a darker motivation emerged:

0:04:43.280,0:04:45.000
avoiding humiliation.

0:04:45.880,0:04:48.776
"Guys act like they[br]would be disgusted by it,"

0:04:48.800,0:04:50.240
one young woman told me.

0:04:50.880,0:04:52.960
"No one wants to be[br]talked about like that."

0:04:54.240,0:04:57.656
The rising pubic hair removal[br]reminded me of the 1920s,

0:04:57.680,0:05:02.176
when women first started regularly[br]shaving their armpits and their legs.

0:05:02.200,0:05:04.736
That's when flapper dresses[br]came into style,

0:05:04.760,0:05:07.336
and women's limbs were suddenly visible,

0:05:07.360,0:05:08.800
open to public scrutiny.

0:05:09.640,0:05:12.616
There's a way that I think[br]that this too is a sign.

0:05:12.640,0:05:16.600
That a girl's most intimate part[br]is open to public scrutiny,

0:05:17.440,0:05:19.136
open to critique,

0:05:19.160,0:05:22.656
to becoming more about[br]how it looks to someone else

0:05:22.680,0:05:24.760
than how it feels to her.

0:05:26.000,0:05:29.720
The shaving trend has sparked[br]another rise in labiaplasty.

0:05:30.440,0:05:34.560
Labiaplasty, which is the trimming[br]of the inner and outer labia,

0:05:35.160,0:05:39.520
is the fastest-growing cosmetic[br]surgery among teenage girls.

0:05:41.160,0:05:45.856
It rose 80 percent between 2014 and 2015,

0:05:45.880,0:05:49.896
and whereas girls under 18 comprise[br]two percent of all cosmetic surgeries,

0:05:49.920,0:05:52.920
they are five percent of labiaplasty.

0:05:53.920,0:05:55.896
The most sought-after look, incidentally,

0:05:55.920,0:05:59.656
in which the outer labia[br]appear fused like a clam shell,

0:05:59.680,0:06:01.136
is called ...

0:06:01.160,0:06:02.360
wait for it ...

0:06:03.240,0:06:04.816
"The Barbie."

0:06:04.840,0:06:06.136
(Groan)

0:06:06.160,0:06:08.176
I trust I don't have to tell you

0:06:08.200,0:06:11.096
that Barbie is a) made of plastic

0:06:11.120,0:06:14.296
and b) has no genitalia.

0:06:14.320,0:06:16.216
(Laughter)

0:06:16.240,0:06:19.016
The labiaplasty trend[br]has become so worrisome

0:06:19.040,0:06:22.696
that the American College[br]of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

0:06:22.720,0:06:24.976
has issued a statement on the procedure,

0:06:25.000,0:06:27.496
which is rarely medically indicated,

0:06:27.520,0:06:29.656
has not been proven safe

0:06:29.680,0:06:35.536
and whose side effects[br]include scarring, numbness, pain

0:06:35.560,0:06:37.520
and diminished sexual sensation.

0:06:38.560,0:06:39.976
Now, admittedly,

0:06:40.000,0:06:41.576
and blessedly,

0:06:41.600,0:06:44.360
the number of girls involved[br]is still quite small,

0:06:45.200,0:06:48.256
but you could see them[br]as canaries in a coal mine,

0:06:48.280,0:06:52.280
telling us something important[br]about the way girls see their bodies.

0:06:53.760,0:06:55.456
Sara McClellan,

0:06:55.480,0:06:57.936
a psychologist[br]at the University of Michigan,

0:06:57.960,0:07:02.480
coined what is my favorite phrase ever[br]in talking about all of this:

0:07:03.320,0:07:05.200
"Intimate justice."

0:07:06.680,0:07:10.776
That's the idea that sex has political,[br]as well as personal implications,

0:07:10.800,0:07:13.456
just like, who does[br]the dishes in your house,

0:07:13.480,0:07:15.080
or who vacuums the rug.

0:07:15.680,0:07:19.496
And it raises similar[br]issues about inequality,

0:07:19.520,0:07:21.496
about economic disparity,

0:07:21.520,0:07:22.736
violence,

0:07:22.760,0:07:24.200
physical and mental health.

0:07:25.120,0:07:28.576
Intimate justice asks us to consider

0:07:28.600,0:07:31.936
who is entitled[br]to engage in an experience.

0:07:31.960,0:07:34.456
Who is entitled to enjoy it?

0:07:34.480,0:07:36.680
Who is the primary beneficiary?

0:07:37.240,0:07:40.520
And how does each partner[br]define "good enough"?

0:07:41.520,0:07:46.416
Honestly, I think those questions[br]are tricky and sometimes traumatic

0:07:46.440,0:07:47.920
for adult women to confront,

0:07:49.000,0:07:51.296
but when we're talking about girls,

0:07:51.320,0:07:56.616
I just kept coming back to the idea[br]that their early sexual experience

0:07:56.640,0:07:59.400
shouldn't have to be[br]something that they get over.

0:08:01.560,0:08:02.776
In her work,

0:08:02.800,0:08:06.616
McClellan found that young women[br]were more likely than young men

0:08:06.640,0:08:10.520
to use their partner's pleasure[br]as a measure of their satisfaction.

0:08:11.120,0:08:12.456
So they'd say things like,

0:08:12.480,0:08:14.296
"If he's sexually satisfied,

0:08:14.320,0:08:15.880
then I'm sexually satisfied."

0:08:16.440,0:08:21.280
Young men were more likely to measure[br]their satisfaction by their own orgasm.

0:08:22.840,0:08:26.360
Young women also defined[br]bad sex differently.

0:08:27.920,0:08:29.416
In the largest ever survey

0:08:29.440,0:08:32.576
ever conducted[br]on American sexual behavior,

0:08:32.600,0:08:36.376
they reported pain[br]in their sexual encounters

0:08:36.400,0:08:38.280
30 percent of the time.

0:08:39.520,0:08:42.360
They also used words like "depressing,"

0:08:43.120,0:08:44.696
"humiliating,"

0:08:44.720,0:08:45.920
"degrading."

0:08:46.440,0:08:49.520
The young men never used that language.

0:08:50.440,0:08:53.816
So when young women[br]report sexual satisfaction levels

0:08:53.840,0:08:56.760
that are equal to[br]or greater than young men's --

0:08:57.440,0:08:58.680
and they do in research --

0:08:59.440,0:09:00.840
that can be deceptive.

0:09:01.640,0:09:05.256
If a girl goes into an encounter[br]hoping that it won't hurt,

0:09:05.280,0:09:07.296
wanting to feel close to her partner

0:09:07.320,0:09:09.360
and expecting him to have an orgasm,

0:09:10.160,0:09:12.520
she'll be satisfied[br]if those criteria are met.

0:09:13.120,0:09:16.376
And there's nothing wrong with wanting[br]to feel close to your partner,

0:09:16.400,0:09:17.736
or wanting him to be happy,

0:09:17.760,0:09:20.284
and orgasm isn't the only[br]measure of an experience ...

0:09:21.560,0:09:22.800
but absence of pain --

0:09:23.760,0:09:27.280
that's a very low bar[br]for your own sexual fulfillment.

0:09:29.000,0:09:31.216
Listening to all of this[br]and thinking about it,

0:09:31.240,0:09:36.536
I began to realize that we performed[br]a kind of psychological clitoridectomy

0:09:36.560,0:09:37.800
on American girls.

0:09:38.360,0:09:39.656
Starting in infancy,

0:09:39.680,0:09:43.496
parents of baby boys are more likely[br]to name all their body parts,

0:09:43.520,0:09:45.600
at least they'll say,[br]"here's your pee-pee."

0:09:46.280,0:09:49.456
Parents of baby girls[br]go right from navel to knees,

0:09:49.480,0:09:52.936
and they leave this whole[br]situation in here unnamed.

0:09:52.960,0:09:54.296
(Laughter)

0:09:54.320,0:09:57.776
There's no better way[br]to make something unspeakable

0:09:57.800,0:09:59.000
than not to name it.

0:10:00.280,0:10:02.696
Then kids go into[br]their puberty education classes

0:10:02.720,0:10:05.800
and they learn that boys[br]have erections and ejaculations,

0:10:06.600,0:10:08.336
and girls have ...

0:10:08.360,0:10:11.280
periods and unwanted pregnancy.

0:10:12.040,0:10:15.896
And they see that internal diagram[br]of a woman's reproductive system --

0:10:15.920,0:10:18.616
you know, the one that looks[br]kind of like a steer head --

0:10:18.640,0:10:20.120
(Laughter)

0:10:22.720,0:10:25.040
And it always grays out between the legs.

0:10:25.760,0:10:27.936
So we never say vulva,

0:10:27.960,0:10:30.336
we certainly never say clitoris.

0:10:30.360,0:10:31.576
No surprise,

0:10:31.600,0:10:34.736
fewer than half[br]of teenage girls age 14 to 17

0:10:34.760,0:10:36.760
have ever masturbated.

0:10:37.360,0:10:40.176
And then they go[br]into their partnered experience

0:10:40.200,0:10:43.896
and we expect that somehow[br]they'll think sex is about them,

0:10:43.920,0:10:48.600
that they'll be able to articulate[br]their needs, their desires, their limits.

0:10:49.480,0:10:50.920
It's unrealistic.

0:10:52.440,0:10:53.640
Here's something, though.

0:10:54.320,0:10:57.496
Girls' investment[br]in their partner's pleasure remains

0:10:57.520,0:10:59.960
regardless of the gender of the partner.

0:11:00.680,0:11:02.936
So in same-sex encounters,

0:11:02.960,0:11:05.440
the orgasm gap disappears.

0:11:06.160,0:11:08.960
And young women climax[br]at the same rate as men.

0:11:10.120,0:11:12.296
Lesbian and bisexual girls would tell me

0:11:12.320,0:11:15.896
that they felt liberated[br]to get off the script --

0:11:15.920,0:11:19.336
free to create an encounter[br]that worked for them.

0:11:19.360,0:11:23.016
Gay girls also challenged[br]the idea of first intercourse

0:11:23.040,0:11:24.976
as the definition of virginity.

0:11:25.000,0:11:27.576
Not because intercourse isn't a big deal,

0:11:27.600,0:11:31.976
but it's worth questioning[br]why we consider this one act,

0:11:32.000,0:11:34.816
which most girls associate[br]with discomfort or pain,

0:11:34.840,0:11:38.336
to be the line in the sand[br]of sexual adulthood --

0:11:38.360,0:11:39.816
so much more meaningful,

0:11:39.840,0:11:42.600
so much more transformative[br]than anything else.

0:11:43.640,0:11:47.096
And it's worth considering[br]how this is serving girls;

0:11:47.120,0:11:50.136
whether it's keeping them[br]safer from disease,

0:11:50.160,0:11:53.040
coercion, betrayal, assault.

0:11:53.600,0:11:56.640
Whether it's encouraging[br]mutuality and caring;

0:11:57.360,0:12:00.976
what it means about the way[br]they see other sex acts;

0:12:01.000,0:12:03.216
whether it's giving them more control over

0:12:03.240,0:12:05.080
and joy in their experience,

0:12:05.680,0:12:08.616
and what it means about gay teens,

0:12:08.640,0:12:12.680
who can have multiple sex partners[br]without heterosexual intercourse.

0:12:13.960,0:12:15.800
So I asked a gay girl that I met,

0:12:16.520,0:12:18.680
"How'd you know[br]you weren't a virgin anymore?"

0:12:19.560,0:12:21.016
She said she had to Google it.

0:12:21.040,0:12:23.216
(Laughter)

0:12:23.240,0:12:24.800
And Google wasn't sure.

0:12:25.200,0:12:27.016
(Laughter)

0:12:27.040,0:12:29.976
She finally decided[br]that she wasn't a virgin anymore

0:12:30.000,0:12:32.720
after she'd had[br]her first orgasm with a partner.

0:12:33.960,0:12:35.536
And I thought --

0:12:35.560,0:12:36.760
whoa.

0:12:37.120,0:12:39.776
What if just for a second

0:12:39.800,0:12:42.160
we imagined that was the definition?

0:12:43.560,0:12:45.896
Again, not because[br]intercourse isn't a big deal --

0:12:45.920,0:12:47.216
of course it is --

0:12:47.240,0:12:49.560
but it isn't the only big deal,

0:12:50.360,0:12:54.136
and rather than thinking about sex[br]as a race to a goal,

0:12:54.160,0:12:59.256
this helps us reconceptualize it[br]as a pool of experiences

0:12:59.280,0:13:03.896
that include warmth, affection, arousal,

0:13:03.920,0:13:06.720
desire, touch, intimacy.

0:13:07.640,0:13:09.856
And it's worth asking young people:

0:13:09.880,0:13:13.416
who's really the more sexually[br]experienced person?

0:13:13.440,0:13:16.496
The one who makes out[br]with a partner for three hours

0:13:16.520,0:13:21.096
and experiments with sensual[br]tension and communication,

0:13:21.120,0:13:24.936
or the one who gets wasted at a party[br]and hooks up with a random

0:13:24.960,0:13:28.640
in order to dump their "virginity"[br]before they get to college?

0:13:29.640,0:13:32.816
The only way that shift[br]in thinking can happen though

0:13:32.840,0:13:36.896
is if we talk to young people[br]more about sex --

0:13:36.920,0:13:39.256
if we normalize those discussions,

0:13:39.280,0:13:42.176
integrating them into everyday life,

0:13:42.200,0:13:45.736
talking about those intimate acts[br]in a different way --

0:13:45.760,0:13:48.536
the way we mostly have changed

0:13:48.560,0:13:51.200
in the way that we talk[br]about women in the public realm.

0:13:51.720,0:13:56.296
Consider a survey[br]of 300 randomly chosen girls

0:13:56.320,0:13:58.696
from a Dutch and an American university,

0:13:58.720,0:14:00.456
two similar universities,

0:14:00.480,0:14:03.400
talking about their early[br]experience of sex.

0:14:04.280,0:14:09.216
The Dutch girls embodied everything[br]we say we want from our girls.

0:14:09.240,0:14:11.176
They had fewer negative consequences,

0:14:11.200,0:14:14.040
like disease, pregnancy, regret --

0:14:14.640,0:14:16.416
more positive outcomes

0:14:16.440,0:14:18.856
like being able to communicate[br]with their partner,

0:14:18.880,0:14:20.576
who they said they knew very well;

0:14:20.600,0:14:23.176
preparing for the experience responsibly;

0:14:23.200,0:14:24.760
enjoying themselves.

0:14:25.680,0:14:26.880
What was their secret?

0:14:27.720,0:14:31.976
The Dutch girls said[br]that their doctors, teachers and parents

0:14:32.000,0:14:33.616
talked to them candidly,

0:14:33.640,0:14:35.376
from an early age,

0:14:35.400,0:14:40.320
about sex, pleasure[br]and the importance of mutual trust.

0:14:41.480,0:14:42.696
What's more,

0:14:42.720,0:14:47.496
while American parents weren't necessarily[br]less comfortable talking about sex,

0:14:47.520,0:14:50.016
we tend to frame those conversations

0:14:50.040,0:14:53.640
entirely in terms or risk and danger,

0:14:54.600,0:14:59.280
whereas Dutch parents talk[br]about balancing responsibility and joy.

0:15:00.200,0:15:01.416
I have to tell you,

0:15:01.440,0:15:03.296
as a parent myself,

0:15:03.320,0:15:05.376
that hit me hard,

0:15:05.400,0:15:07.936
because I know,

0:15:07.960,0:15:10.216
had I not delved into that research,

0:15:10.240,0:15:14.016
I would have talked to my own child[br]about contraception,

0:15:14.040,0:15:15.896
about disease protection,

0:15:15.920,0:15:18.656
about consent because I'm a modern parent,

0:15:18.680,0:15:20.014
and I would have thought ...

0:15:22.000,0:15:23.200
job well done.

0:15:24.320,0:15:26.600
Now I know that's not enough.

0:15:27.920,0:15:30.960
I also know what I hope for for our girls.

0:15:31.960,0:15:36.216
I want them to see sexuality[br]as a source of self-knowledge,

0:15:36.240,0:15:38.456
creativity and communication,

0:15:38.480,0:15:41.096
despite its potential risks.

0:15:41.120,0:15:44.576
I want them to be able[br]to revel in their bodies' sensuality

0:15:44.600,0:15:46.120
without being reduced to it.

0:15:47.120,0:15:50.336
I want them to be able[br]to ask for what they want in bed,

0:15:50.360,0:15:51.600
and to get it.

0:15:52.560,0:15:56.016
I want them to be safe[br]from unwanted pregnancy,

0:15:56.040,0:15:57.256
disease,

0:15:57.280,0:15:58.496
cruelty,

0:15:58.520,0:16:00.096
dehumanization,

0:16:00.120,0:16:01.320
violence.

0:16:02.080,0:16:03.856
If they are assaulted,

0:16:03.880,0:16:07.336
I want them to have recourse[br]from their schools,

0:16:07.360,0:16:08.776
their employers,

0:16:08.800,0:16:10.000
the courts.

0:16:11.120,0:16:12.520
It's a lot to ask,

0:16:13.240,0:16:14.440
but it's not too much.

0:16:15.480,0:16:19.536
As parents, teachers,[br]advocates and activists,

0:16:19.560,0:16:24.336
we have raised a generation[br]of girls to have a voice,

0:16:24.360,0:16:28.216
to expect egalitarian[br]treatment in the home,

0:16:28.240,0:16:29.496
in the classroom,

0:16:29.520,0:16:30.720
in the workplace.

0:16:31.720,0:16:36.376
Now it's time to demand[br]that intimate justice

0:16:36.400,0:16:38.560
in their personal lives as well.

0:16:39.760,0:16:40.976
Thank you.

0:16:41.000,0:16:43.600
(Applause)