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Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1\N00:00:04,470 --> 00:00:10,000\NBlow and this video, I'm going to introduce our week three module on presenting data.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2\N00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:14,110\NSo our learning outcomes for this week are for you to be able to create plots from data,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,3\N00:00:14,110 --> 00:00:18,910\Nidentify the appropriate plot for type of plot for data in question.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,4\N00:00:18,910 --> 00:00:24,130\NI want you to be able to read and interpret a plot, refine a plot more clearly, show its data,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,5\N00:00:24,130 --> 00:00:34,030\Nbut then also put these plots and our other presentations in discussions of data into a well-organized notebook to present your data analysis.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6\N00:00:34,030 --> 00:00:41,260\NBefore we dove into how to actually present data, I want to start with talking about some of the purposes of data presentation,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,7\N00:00:41,260 --> 00:00:45,190\Nbecause these purposes should guide your presentation design decisions.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,8\N00:00:45,190 --> 00:00:49,750\NThey should guide your evaluation of your own presentations and those of others.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,9\N00:00:49,750 --> 00:00:56,050\NThey'll also guide my evaluation of your presentation when you are submitting assignments.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,10\N00:00:56,050 --> 00:01:02,320\NAnd one of the first things we need to do is guide the reader attention to important results.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,11\N00:01:02,320 --> 00:01:07,900\NAnd effective presentation is not going to have every piece of thing in it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,12\N00:01:07,900 --> 00:01:12,820\NIt's going to draw focus and attention to the important results and make it easy for
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,13\N00:01:12,820 --> 00:01:17,710\Nyour reader to ask the key questions around the data analysis you're presenting.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,14\N00:01:17,710 --> 00:01:22,420\NBut then it also needs to substantiate the results and conclusions.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,15\N00:01:22,420 --> 00:01:30,010\NSo when we're presenting the data, we want to guide the reader to focus on what it is that we want them to learn,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,16\N00:01:30,010 --> 00:01:39,430\Nbut also in a context that gives them the information needed to assess the validity of the conclusions that we're presenting.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,17\N00:01:39,430 --> 00:01:44,710\NAnd we want to do so with integrity. It's easy to make charts that highlight the result.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,18\N00:01:44,710 --> 00:01:50,440\NYou want the user to see whether or not or not that result is rigorously defensible from the data.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,19\N00:01:50,440 --> 00:01:57,730\NAnd we want to avoid making those kinds of misleading data visualizations and presentations.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,20\N00:01:57,730 --> 00:02:03,910\NSo in doing this, we want to be able to think about the audience and you're gonna be presenting data to several different audiences.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,21\N00:02:03,910 --> 00:02:05,710\NThe first audience is yourself.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,22\N00:02:05,710 --> 00:02:12,770\NWhen you're working with a data set, when you're trying to understand what you're learning from it, the results of your inferences,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,23\N00:02:12,770 --> 00:02:21,070\Nyour presenting data to yourself, and you need the presentation to be clear so that you understand what it is that you're learning from the data.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,24\N00:02:21,070 --> 00:02:26,980\NSo you see the next question to asks. You're not misleading yourself in the data analysis process.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,25\N00:02:26,980 --> 00:02:34,000\NBut those kinds of charts don't necessarily need the same level of Polish that a chart for an external audience.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,26\N00:02:34,000 --> 00:02:39,880\NWould your collaborators, supervisors, et cetera, need to be able to see the data, see what you're learning?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,27\N00:02:39,880 --> 00:02:43,690\NMaybe it's in the weekly meeting you have with your research advisor.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,28\N00:02:43,690 --> 00:02:47,130\NYou're presenting them with the results that you found.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,29\N00:02:47,130 --> 00:02:53,340\NThey are people who have a lot of knowledge of the project you're working on another problem base you're working on.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,30\N00:02:53,340 --> 00:02:58,230\NThey're gonna help you guide and refine your questions.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,31\N00:02:58,230 --> 00:03:06,660\NAgain, they perhaps don't need as much Polish as a final published result, but they're not just the ones that you're creating internally for yourself.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,32\N00:03:06,660 --> 00:03:08,550\NYou're going to be presenting to expert readers.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,33\N00:03:08,550 --> 00:03:15,030\NIf you write a scientific paper, the readers are probably usually wouldn't have some level of expertize in the topic that you're talking about.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,34\N00:03:15,030 --> 00:03:20,550\NThey may know. They'll probably know the subject in general, but they may not know your specific work.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,35\N00:03:20,550 --> 00:03:28,650\NYou may be presenting this to decision makers, especially if you're doing a data science project in an industrial or corporate environment.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,36\N00:03:28,650 --> 00:03:29,820\NYou're providing data.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,37\N00:03:29,820 --> 00:03:39,240\NThat's going to inform the decisions that your boss, who may not have significant statistical expertize or data expertize that may,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,38\N00:03:39,240 --> 00:03:45,840\Nbut they're going to be using those decision, those the data and the the data that you present in order to make decisions.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,39\N00:03:45,840 --> 00:03:52,170\NAnd then finally, you may occasionally be be producing or presenting data for the general public at large.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,40\N00:03:52,170 --> 00:03:57,120\NEach of these audiences is going to require different things from your data presentation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,41\N00:03:57,120 --> 00:04:04,830\NSo you need to understand who it is that you're presenting the data to in order to make appropriate data presentation decisions.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,42\N00:04:04,830 --> 00:04:14,940\NWhen we're presenting the data, here are some questions that are going to help us understand what it is that we need to guide the reader towards.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,43\N00:04:14,940 --> 00:04:22,110\NSo we need to be clear on the reader needs to come away knowing what we sought to find out.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,44\N00:04:22,110 --> 00:04:30,360\NThis might be just explicitly stating our research questions, but they need to know the purpose that the data we're presenting is supposed to serve.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,45\N00:04:30,360 --> 00:04:36,630\NWhat are they supposed to learn from it? We then they didn't then need to see what we do learn.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,46\N00:04:36,630 --> 00:04:43,110\NAnd then they need to see the supporting evidence, the context to trust the conclusions.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,47\N00:04:43,110 --> 00:04:48,330\NIt's not just enough to say here's the results, but in many cases you need to provide enough data,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,48\N00:04:48,330 --> 00:04:56,190\Nenough context that they not only see what you learned, but they see why you believe it is true.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,49\N00:04:56,190 --> 00:05:04,350\NAnd presentation with integrity shows the reader and really makes it clear to the reader what we learned.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,50\N00:05:04,350 --> 00:05:08,370\NThe evidentiary support behind it, why it flows from the data.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,51\N00:05:08,370 --> 00:05:17,280\NWhereas dishonest presentation manipulates them into the conclusion without having the rigorous foundation underneath it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,52\N00:05:17,280 --> 00:05:26,790\NSo I want to show you an example of a very bad graphic that came up out of the state of Georgia earlier this year.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,53\N00:05:26,790 --> 00:05:40,980\NThey presented campaign ad hundred network television, a graph that's purporting to show Kofod cases in various high population counties over time.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,54\N00:05:40,980 --> 00:05:49,170\NBut if you look closely at the Y at the X axis of this graph and you'll see this more clearly when you go and look at the slides,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,55\N00:05:49,170 --> 00:05:57,660\Nthe axis is not sorted. It starts with the twenty eighth of April and then it goes to the twenty seventh, followed by the twenty ninth.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,56\N00:05:57,660 --> 00:06:01,470\NThen May 1st. Then April 30th. At the end we have May 2nd.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,57\N00:06:01,470 --> 00:06:06,420\NMay 7th. April 26. May 3rd. It violates the expected convention.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,58\N00:06:06,420 --> 00:06:12,030\NAnd what they're what you'd need to do to show a trend over time that time goes from left to right.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,59\N00:06:12,030 --> 00:06:18,960\NThey're sorting things in. They're putting things out of order to show the trend.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,60\N00:06:18,960 --> 00:06:26,880\NThey want. In a way that's not substantiated by the data and it takes a lot of work to make a chart.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,61\N00:06:26,880 --> 00:06:35,480\NThis bat. I'm not sure how to do it in any of the statistical software I actually use, but this is a this is an egregious example,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,62\N00:06:35,480 --> 00:06:42,220\Nbut it's an example of one of the things that can happen when where when we focus on.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,63\N00:06:42,220 --> 00:06:47,220\NThe effect we want to demonstrate over the evidentiary support for it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,64\N00:06:47,220 --> 00:07:04,960\NI want to contrast with a. I want to contrast with a chart from W edi w e, b do BWAS charts created for the nineteen hundred parece X position.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,65\N00:07:04,960 --> 00:07:11,250\NAnd these were a series of charts for an exhibition to show the economic, educational,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,66\N00:07:11,250 --> 00:07:19,660\Netc. progress of black Americans from emancipation to the turn of the century.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,67\N00:07:19,660 --> 00:07:23,500\NAnd he made a series of charts showing economic situations and things.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,68\N00:07:23,500 --> 00:07:28,090\NAnd here's a bar chart that clearly shows the result.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,69\N00:07:28,090 --> 00:07:35,350\NThe distribution of economic statuses for farmers after a year of farm labor.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,70\N00:07:35,350 --> 00:07:39,250\NAnd it shows we have the first categories of bankrupt and in debt.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,71\N00:07:39,250 --> 00:07:46,570\NAnd then we have four different or five different levels of of non-negative return up to clearing.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,72\N00:07:46,570 --> 00:07:53,160\NFifty dollars or more. And it shows them the bars are proportional to the length of the data.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,73\N00:07:53,160 --> 00:07:55,290\NVery clearly highlights these things.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,74\N00:07:55,290 --> 00:08:03,720\NIt then also does a creative thing of pulls out the separate bar that it indicates is the composite of all of the non-negative bars.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,75\N00:08:03,720 --> 00:08:08,760\NAnd we can see that even if you if you add all of that, they non-negative bars together.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,76\N00:08:08,760 --> 00:08:13,860\NIt's not as many farmers as as the indebt category.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,77\N00:08:13,860 --> 00:08:17,490\NThat's not a very standard thing. These charts were hand drawn.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,78\N00:08:17,490 --> 00:08:25,260\NBut it's a creative use of the visualization to highlight in a way that's supported by the data,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,79\N00:08:25,260 --> 00:08:35,910\Nthe relative distributions of a different in return levels for black American farmers at the time.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,80\N00:08:35,910 --> 00:08:42,990\NAnother one, that's another one that's creative here is this spiral bar chart.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,81\N00:08:42,990 --> 00:08:49,080\NAgain, it's an unusual thing, but the lines, we can see them going progressively longer.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,82\N00:08:49,080 --> 00:08:55,680\NAnd if this were just a part of normal horizontal bar chart without the spiral that the smallest line,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,83\N00:08:55,680 --> 00:09:00,570\Nthe first line, 1975, would be so small you couldn't even see us.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,84\N00:09:00,570 --> 00:09:07,050\NThis gives more space. And it shows good visualization doesn't just mean following the checklist of rules.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,85\N00:09:07,050 --> 00:09:16,920\NIt means presenting the data in a way that the conclusions and the takeaways are clear and they're rigorously supported by the underlying data.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,86\N00:09:16,920 --> 00:09:20,850\NThere's no visual tricks to make things look larger or smaller than they are.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,87\N00:09:20,850 --> 00:09:27,990\NIt transparently shows the connection between the conclusion and the underlying data that support it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,88\N00:09:27,990 --> 00:09:33,850\NSo to wrap up, the goal of good presentation is to guide the reader to what we learned and how we know it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,89\N00:09:33,850 --> 00:09:41,460\NEffective. Presentation is going to highlight the important things for the reader to understand without distraction or deception.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,90\N00:09:41,460 --> 00:09:55,533\NAnd we're going to see throughout more of this week and throughout more the semester how practically to go about doing that.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,