[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.80,0:00:02.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The beginning of everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.56,0:00:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Big Bang.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.47,0:00:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea that the universe was suddenly\Nborn and is not infinite.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.22,0:00:13.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Up to the middle of the 20th century,\Nmost scientists thought of the universe
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.48,0:00:15.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as infinite and ageless.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.69,0:00:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Until Einstein’s theory of relativity gave\Nus a better understanding of gravity,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.08,0:00:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Edwin Hubble discovered that galaxies\Nare moving apart from one another
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.23,0:00:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a way that fits previous predictions.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.97,0:00:33.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1964, by accident, cosmic background\Nradiation was discovered,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.49,0:00:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a relic of the early universe,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.44,0:00:39.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which, together with other observational\Nevidence, made the Big Bang
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.05,0:00:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the accepted theory in science.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.91,0:00:44.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since then, improved technology like the\NHubble telescope
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.94,0:00:48.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has given us a pretty good picture of the\NBig Bang and the structure of the cosmos.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.82,0:00:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recent observations even seem to suggest\Nthat the expansion of the universe
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.70,0:00:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is accelerating.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.78,0:00:57.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But how did this Big Bang work?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.78,0:01:00.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can something come from nothing?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.50,0:01:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let’s explore what we know.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.79,0:01:12.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can ignore the beginning part\Nfor now.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.89,0:01:16.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First of all, the Big Bang was not\Nan explosion.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.96,0:01:20.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was all space stretching\Neverywhere all at once.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.10,0:01:23.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The universe started\Nvery, very, very small
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.81,0:01:26.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and quickly expanded to the\Nsize of a football.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.51,0:01:32.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The universe didn’t expand into anything,\Nspace was just expanding into itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.38,0:01:37.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The universe cannot expand into anything\Nbecause the universe has no borders;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.84,0:01:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is, by definition, no “outside”\Nthe universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.62,0:01:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The universe is all there is.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.51,0:01:47.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this hot, dense environment, energy\Nmanifested itself
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.85,0:01:51.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in particles that existed only for the\Ntiniest glimpses of time.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.32,0:01:56.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From gluons, pairs of quarks were created,\Nwhich destroyed one another,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.07,0:01:58.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps after giving off more gluons.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.12,0:02:01.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These found other short-lived quarks\Nto interact with,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.54,0:02:03.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forming new quark pairs and\Ngluons again.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.66,0:02:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Matter and energy were not just\Ntheoretically equivalent,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.98,0:02:11.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was so hot they were practically\Nthe same stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.34,0:02:15.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Somewhere around this time, matter\Nwon over antimatter.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.91,0:02:19.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, we’re left with almost all\Nmatter and nearly no antimatter at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.44,0:02:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Somehow, one billion and one matter\Nparticles were formed
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.70,0:02:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for every one billion particles of\Nantimatter.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.43,0:02:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead of one massive ultimate force\Nin the universe,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.52,0:02:34.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were now several refined versions\Nof it acting under different rules.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.65,0:02:39.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By now the universe has stretched to a\Nbillion kilometers in diameter,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.29,0:02:41.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which leads to a decrease in temperature.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.09,0:02:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cycle of quarks being born and\Nconverted back to energy
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.88,0:02:46.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suddenly stops.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.59,0:02:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From now on, we work with what we have.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.37,0:02:53.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Quarks begin forming new particles,\Nhadrons, like protons and neutrons.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.49,0:02:58.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many, many combinations of\Nquarks that can form all sorts of hadrons,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.14,0:03:01.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but only very few are reasonably stable\Nfor any length of time.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.02,0:03:07.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please take a moment to appreciate that\Nby now, only one second has passed
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.70,0:03:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since the beginning of everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.34,0:03:14.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The universe, which has grown to one\Nhundred billion kilometers,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.39,0:03:18.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is now cold enough to allow most of the\Nneutrons to decay into protons
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.53,0:03:21.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and form the first atom, hydrogen.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.24,0:03:25.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine the universe at this point as an\Nextremely hot soup,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.54,0:03:30.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ten billion degrees Celsius, filled with\Ncountless particles and energy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.95,0:03:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the next few minutes, things cooled\Nand settled down very fast.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.99,0:03:38.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Atoms formed out of hadrons and electrons,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.85,0:03:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making for a stable and electrically\Nneutral environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.70,0:03:45.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some call this period the Dark Age,\Nbecause there were no stars
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.79,0:03:49.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the hydrogen gas didn’t allow visible\Nlight to move around.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.76,0:03:52.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what’s the meaning of visible light,\Nanyway, when there’s nothing alive yet
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.97,0:03:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could have eyes?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.12,0:03:58.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the hydrogen gas clumped together\Nafter millions of years and
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.39,0:04:02.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gravity put it under great pressure, stars\Nand galaxies began to form.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.04,0:04:06.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their radiation dissolved the stable\Nhydrogen gas into a plasma
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.68,0:04:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that still permeates the universe today\Nand allows visible light to pass.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.90,0:04:14.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, there was light!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.28,0:04:18.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, but what about the part\Nwe didn’t talk about?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.61,0:04:20.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happened right at the beginning?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.14,0:04:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This part can be defined as the Big Bang.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.39,0:04:25.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don’t know at all what happened here.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.88,0:04:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At this point, our tools break down.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.46,0:04:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Natural laws stop making sense,\Ntime itself becomes wibbly-wobbly.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.34,0:04:37.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To understand what happened here,\Nwe need a theory that unifies
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.23,0:04:41.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Einstein’s relativity and quantum\Nmechanics, something countless
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.37,0:04:43.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scientists are working on right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.10,0:04:46.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this leaves us with lots of\Nunanswered questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.89,0:04:49.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Were there universes before our own?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.30,0:04:52.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is this the first and only universe?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.78,0:04:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What started the Big Bang, or did it\Njust occur naturally,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.16,0:04:58.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on laws we don’t understand yet?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.86,0:05:02.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don’t know, and maybe we never will.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.82,0:05:06.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what we do know is that the universe\Nas we know it started here
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.92,0:05:13.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and gave birth to particles, galaxies,\Nstars, the Earth, and you.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.42,0:05:17.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since were ourselves are made of\Ndead stars, we are not separate
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.80,0:05:20.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the universe; we are part of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.55,0:05:25.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You could even say that we are the\Nuniverse’s way of experiencing itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.14,0:05:30.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, let’s keep on experiencing it, until\Nthere are no more questions to ask.