[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.50,0:00:03.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Sal] This is a map of\NEuropean colonial possessions
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.64,0:00:05.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the early to mid 1700s.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.06,0:00:09.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you immediately see a few things.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.59,0:00:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spain has a lot of territory\Nin Central and South America.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.32,0:00:17.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even the small country of Portugal,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.37,0:00:20.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of its prowess during\Nthe Age of Exploration,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.39,0:00:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a significant amount of territory
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.41,0:00:24.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in what would become Brazil,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.09,0:00:26.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they also have\Npossessions and colonies
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.95,0:00:28.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along the coast of Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.95,0:00:31.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even things in India, like Goa.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.70,0:00:36.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have the British, having\Npossessions in North America,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.08,0:00:37.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things that would eventually evolve
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.83,0:00:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the United States and Canada.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.26,0:00:42.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At this point in time,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.51,0:00:45.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,France also has significant possessions,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.76,0:00:48.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which will later be taken by Britain
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.98,0:00:51.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then an independent U.S.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.11,0:00:54.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as it grows across\Ncontinental North America.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.15,0:00:58.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the thing to notice in this map
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.36,0:01:01.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is despite these significant possessions,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.45,0:01:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much of the world is not\Ncontrolled by the Europeans.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.07,0:01:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, England also is starting to have
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.58,0:01:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a bit of a colonial possession,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.60,0:01:12.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although at this point\Nit's a corporate possession
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.76,0:01:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in eastern India, in Bengal,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.72,0:01:19.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but much of Africa and Asia\Nis not under European control.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.42,0:01:23.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then as we enter into the second half
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.90,0:01:27.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the 18th century, and\Nespecially the 19th century,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.91,0:01:32.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something important happens\Nin the scope of human history,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.22,0:01:34.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's the Industrial Revolution
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.40,0:01:38.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or maybe you could say the\NIndustrial Revolutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.38,0:01:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, there's many\Ntechnologies that are central
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.96,0:01:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Industrial Revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.00,0:01:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but probably most important\Nis the steam engine,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.41,0:01:48.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although you could contend\Nmaybe it's the steam engine,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.85,0:01:52.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe it's electrification,\Nmaybe it is the telegraph.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.31,0:01:54.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the steam engine all\Nof a sudden allows us
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.46,0:01:57.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to harness the power of really coal
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.47,0:02:00.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create steam to turn engines.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.62,0:02:04.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then these engines could\Nbe used to power factories
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.54,0:02:08.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that you could amplify what\Nhuman labor could do before.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.41,0:02:10.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This factory right over\Nhere, it looks like
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.08,0:02:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're creating fabric\Nfrom some kind of thread
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.60,0:02:14.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or they might be sewing of some kind.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.89,0:02:17.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a human equipped with a power loom
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.79,0:02:20.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or with a sewing machine\Ncould produce much, much more
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.86,0:02:24.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than they could've ever\Nproduced before by hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.38,0:02:26.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The steam engine and\Nthings like electricity
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.73,0:02:30.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also create a revolution\Nin transportation,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.17,0:02:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the transportation of goods and people,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.54,0:02:36.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also the movement of information.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.70,0:02:39.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This right over here is\Na picture of a steamship,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.57,0:02:41.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which you could use for trade,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.22,0:02:45.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you could also use it\Nto project military power.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.13,0:02:46.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This here is a railroad.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.79,0:02:49.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Similarly, transport goods and people
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.23,0:02:51.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it also allows you to keep control
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.97,0:02:54.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over a larger swath of territory.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.33,0:02:56.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is a telegraph.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.93,0:02:58.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then a telegraph, all of a sudden,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.81,0:03:00.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the first time in history,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.35,0:03:04.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can communicate across\Nthe globe in a mere instant.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.83,0:03:08.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what used to take months\Nto figure out what was going on
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.54,0:03:10.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could now happen in seconds.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.77,0:03:13.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, once again, this\Nis valuable for trade,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.64,0:03:18.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's also valuable for\Ncoordinating military power.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.32,0:03:21.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in large part to these\Nrevolutions that we're seeing,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.96,0:03:24.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we will study more in other videos,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.15,0:03:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the map of the world looks very different
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.80,0:03:29.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,roughly 150 years later.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.24,0:03:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what the world looks\Nlike around the year 1900
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.39,0:03:36.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you immediately\Nnotice some differences
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.37,0:03:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from that previous map.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.00,0:03:40.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of those colonial possessions
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.32,0:03:43.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in North and South America\Nare now independent
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.35,0:03:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you notice something\Ndramatic happening
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.05,0:03:48.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Africa and in much of Asia.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.93,0:03:53.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africa has now been carved\Nup by the colonial powers.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.42,0:03:57.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this salmon color, you see\Nwhere the British have control
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.87,0:04:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in much of South Africa and\Nthen around Egypt and Sudan
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.08,0:04:04.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and parts of East Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.49,0:04:07.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see the French have control of Algeria
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.67,0:04:10.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and much of Eastern Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.58,0:04:12.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What started off for the British
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.31,0:04:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a corporate possession in\NEastern India has now grown
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.92,0:04:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to become a possession of the Crown.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.44,0:04:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have India, part\Nof the British Empire.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.50,0:04:25.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even Japan, which is one of\Nthe first Asian countries
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.37,0:04:29.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to industrialize, is in on imperialism.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.24,0:04:32.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has control in Korea and in Taiwan.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.12,0:04:37.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why this kind of imperialism?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.23,0:04:40.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's always the standard\Nmotivations for imperialism
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.26,0:04:43.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we've seen throughout world history.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.74,0:04:47.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have conquest, that\Nleads to more land plus people
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.36,0:04:54.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under your rule.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.23,0:04:57.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you have more land,\Nwhich is for the most part
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.15,0:04:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used for agriculture,\Nwell, you're going to have
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.15,0:05:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more taxes and wealth.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.99,0:05:03.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, taxes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.62,0:05:05.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you have more people,\Nthey will have output
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.97,0:05:08.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you can tax that, but\Nthey can also be used,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.77,0:05:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they could be taxed, so to speak, for war.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.54,0:05:14.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They could produce more soldiers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.71,0:05:18.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so the more revenue\Nand soldiers you have,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.24,0:05:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, that could help you just\Naccrue more and more power.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.41,0:05:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so this is the\Nclassic loop that you see
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.06,0:05:27.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why most empires tried to expand
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.35,0:05:29.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sometimes when they stopped expanding,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.11,0:05:32.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you see that they started to decline.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.53,0:05:37.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now in this video,\Nfrom the early 18th century
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.34,0:05:39.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the beginning of the 20th century,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.65,0:05:41.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have new things at play.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.81,0:05:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have the technological innovation
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.10,0:05:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the Industrial Revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.48,0:05:51.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things like electricity and steam power.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.24,0:05:55.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see the notion of\Ncapitalism come into its prime,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.78,0:06:00.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this focus on where do\Nyou maximize your returns
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.76,0:06:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a given amount of\Ncapital that you have?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.97,0:06:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And land is a form of\Ncapital, but as we will see
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.76,0:06:09.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or as we saw in some of those pictures,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.83,0:06:12.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as technology becomes\Nmore and more valuable,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.43,0:06:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things other than land\Nbecome very important
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.76,0:06:18.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forms of capital, like\Nfactories, like railroads,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.34,0:06:19.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like ships.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.65,0:06:23.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And related to these two ideas,\Nyou have industrialization,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.28,0:06:29.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the use of technology\Nto become more productive,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.84,0:06:31.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to increase output.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.56,0:06:34.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they all feed off of each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.43,0:06:38.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A capitalist says, how do I get\Nbetter return on my capital?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.53,0:06:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I should industrialize.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.95,0:06:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I should make my factories more efficient.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.74,0:06:47.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, to make my factories more efficient,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.31,0:06:49.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have to also invest in technology
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.83,0:06:52.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get that industrialization.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.63,0:06:55.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The more I industrialize,\Nthe better my profits,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.99,0:06:59.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so the more I am\Ngoing to be able to invest
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.53,0:07:01.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this cycle.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.40,0:07:04.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As I'm trying to industrialize,\NI have all sorts of problems
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.43,0:07:06.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I'm trying to solve,\Nso it's going to drive
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.96,0:07:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the need to improve my technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.56,0:07:12.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those who develop the technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.08,0:07:15.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, they're going to have\Nmore capital to invest.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.24,0:07:17.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, once again, it's creating this cycle
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.62,0:07:21.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is going to feed\Nthe fuel of imperialism.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.47,0:07:22.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.91,0:07:24.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the Industrial Revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.94,0:07:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the owners of capital started\Nto have more and more power.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.10,0:07:32.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you think about a factory...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.30,0:07:34.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's my factory right over there.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.76,0:07:37.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It takes raw materials...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.47,0:07:38.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Raw materials.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.83,0:07:41.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you think about it,\Nit's a clothing factory.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.45,0:07:44.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It might take raw cotton\Nor turn it into thread
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.47,0:07:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or it might take that cotton thread
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.98,0:07:48.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then turn it into some type of fabric
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.47,0:07:52.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you have finished\Ngoods, maybe this is clothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.05,0:07:54.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So even before the Industrial Revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.82,0:07:57.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people would take raw\Nmaterials, do something to it,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.23,0:07:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you would have finished goods.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.00,0:08:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now, this center portion\Nis being supercharged
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.50,0:08:05.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by technology, by industrialization.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.71,0:08:07.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is really becoming the central focus
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.90,0:08:11.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's becoming more productive.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.15,0:08:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as it becomes more productive,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.42,0:08:16.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a hunger for more raw materials.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.33,0:08:18.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where do you get those raw materials from?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.62,0:08:20.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, if you're a small\Ncountry like the United Kingdom
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.63,0:08:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Japan, your raw materials are limited.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.93,0:08:26.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, there's the rest of the world
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.59,0:08:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and especially the rest of the world
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.19,0:08:29.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is not at the same level
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.85,0:08:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of technological sophistication yet,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.04,0:08:35.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you can, perhaps, use your military
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.18,0:08:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to force them to trade with you.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.73,0:08:42.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Similarly, what do you do with\Nall of those finished goods?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.84,0:08:45.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have limited markets on your island,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.51,0:08:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what if you could sell\Nto the hundreds of millions
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.30,0:08:52.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of people who aren't\Ndirectly in your country?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.23,0:08:55.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This desire for more raw materials
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.55,0:08:57.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more and cheaper raw materials
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.55,0:08:59.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this desire to sell your goods,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.90,0:09:02.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the outputs of industrialization,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.56,0:09:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this, to a significant degree,\Ndrove this imperialism,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.82,0:09:08.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this colonization, and in general,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.67,0:09:11.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a motivation for freer trade in general.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.67,0:09:13.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the free trade didn't happen freely,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.75,0:09:16.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes it was forced on the country
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.27,0:09:18.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was being traded with.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.22,0:09:20.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as alluded to already,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.14,0:09:24.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the technology which helped\Nfuel this Industrial Revolution
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.19,0:09:28.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also made it easier to\Ncontrol a far-flung empire.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.61,0:09:30.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before the Industrial Revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.43,0:09:31.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a country like the United Kingdom
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.98,0:09:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being able to control\Nthis far-flung empire,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.06,0:09:38.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this would've been impossible\Nfor the Romans or the Persians
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.99,0:09:41.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do using their technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.40,0:09:44.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now you have the steamship,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.36,0:09:47.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have railroads,\Nyou have the telegraph,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.08,0:09:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are parts of this\NIndustrial Revolution
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.98,0:09:55.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they also allow you to project power
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.09,0:09:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and project power much quicker\Nand much more efficiently
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.60,0:10:00.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than ever possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.35,0:10:02.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So once again, technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.25,0:10:04.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industrialization, and capitalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.33,0:10:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these were the fuel of\Nthe Industrial Revolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.45,0:10:09.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They provided the\Nmotivation for colonization,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.94,0:10:13.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for imperialism, and\Nfreer trade in general.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.97,0:10:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then, that was able to be enforced
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.44,0:10:18.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of that same technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.79,0:10:21.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You could project your power\Nthrough those steamships,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.53,0:10:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,railroads, and the telegraph.