[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.56,0:00:01.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it a fact
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.66,0:00:02.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or is it an opinion?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.20,0:00:04.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Does it matter?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.40,0:00:05.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.42,0:00:06.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both are important.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.69,0:00:09.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But knowing how to distinguish\Nbetween fact and opinion
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.50,0:00:12.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can help us to better understand\Nwhat we read and hear,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.75,0:00:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how we form our own opinions.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.09,0:00:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's take a look.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.36,0:00:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A fact is a statement \Nthat can be proven to be true.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.47,0:00:21.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Facts are objetive,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.73,0:00:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means they are not influenced\Nby what someone thinks or believes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.45,0:00:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A fact is indisputable\Nand cannot be changed.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.62,0:00:30.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here are some key questions\Nto identify facts.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.29,0:00:35.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1. Can it be measured or confirmed\Nwith calculations or data?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.38,0:00:39.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, two plus two equals four.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.68,0:00:42.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can add the numbers\Nand demostrate that this stament is true.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.53,0:00:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2. Can it be observed? \NCan we see it happen?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.61,0:00:52.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, 99% of people\Ncannot lick ther elbow.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.18,0:00:54.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is true.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.20,0:00:55.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a fact that can be observed.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.35,0:00:57.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Research has determined
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.56,0:01:01.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that only one out of 100 people\Ncan successfully complete this task.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.21,0:01:05.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,3. Can it be verified by primary sources,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.05,0:01:09.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as research, photographs,\Nnewspapers and artifacts?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.31,0:01:11.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here is an example.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.06,0:01:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nintendo was started in 1889.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.29,0:01:17.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a fact, because it could\Nbe verified with many sources.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.66,0:01:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A man named Fusajiro Yamauchi from Japan
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.48,0:01:23.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,founded Nintendo\Nas a playing card company in 1889,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.79,0:01:26.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now it is one of the largest\Ngaming companies in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.18,0:01:29.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now let's move on to opinion,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.05,0:01:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which can sometimes be a little trickier.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.99,0:01:34.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An opinion is a statement\Nof belief or judgement.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.79,0:01:37.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Opinions express\Nwhat someone thinks or feels.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.68,0:01:39.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An opinion can change.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.56,0:01:41.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's look at some examples.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.57,0:01:43.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ice cream is delicious.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.77,0:01:46.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many people believe this, \Nbut some people don't.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.38,0:01:48.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a judgement, \Nand therefore an opinion.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.42,0:01:51.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we evaluate something or somebody
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.49,0:01:56.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we often use adjectives such as\Nimportant, beautiful, fun or difficult.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.75,0:01:58.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An adjective that allows us\Nto judge something
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.90,0:02:01.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a clue that a statement is an opinion.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.94,0:02:05.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another signal word for opinions\Nis the word "should".
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.38,0:02:06.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here is an example.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.67,0:02:08.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone should learn\Nmore than one language.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.25,0:02:12.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While there may be many good reasons\Nto learn more than one language,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.75,0:02:15.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not everyone would agree\Nabout the personal value of doing so.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.62,0:02:18.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Political views are opinions.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.94,0:02:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Different people will have different ideas\Nabout what society's problems are
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.02,0:02:23.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how to best address them.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.89,0:02:26.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since opinion can´t \Nbe proven or disproven,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.35,0:02:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is no right or wrong answer:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.98,0:02:29.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just different viewpoints.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.11,0:02:32.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While opinions may be supported\Nby facts and evidence,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.06,0:02:35.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the issue we care about\Nmay still be up for debate.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.28,0:02:37.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, I could say
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.37,0:02:40.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that going to school year round \Nis better for students.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.88,0:02:43.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now there are reasons\Nto support this viewpoint,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.74,0:02:45.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some might argue\Nthat a shorter vacation period
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.96,0:02:48.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would prevent students\Nfrom forgetting what they learnt,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.39,0:02:51.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or say that students often\Nget bored over the summer,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.29,0:02:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or that other countries around the world\Nuse a year-round system.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.28,0:02:58.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, we cannot prove\Nthat the statement is true.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.49,0:03:01.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many reasons to think\Nthat a 10 month calendar is better.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.83,0:03:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You could argue that students\Nneed an extended break
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.38,0:03:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they should be allowed to participate\Nin camps or other summer activities,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.05,0:03:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or that a lack of air conditioning
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.52,0:03:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,means they shouldn't be inside\Na school building in the summer.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.39,0:03:15.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we look back at the statement,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.10,0:03:17.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can also identify\Nanother signal word for opinion:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.50,0:03:19.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the word "better".
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.28,0:03:21.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we're comparing different things
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.81,0:03:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or we see words like "greatest", \N"best" or "better",
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.99,0:03:27.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can suggest we are looking \Nat an opinion statement.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.72,0:03:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another type of opinion is a prediction.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.56,0:03:35.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Often predictions are based\Non experience, knowledge or research,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.55,0:03:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but because they are based on the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.89,0:03:39.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can't actually verify them today.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.24,0:03:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's look at an example.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.93,0:03:46.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Driverless cars will represent\N10% of all cars on the road by 2026.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.95,0:03:48.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That sounds both amazing and scary.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.22,0:03:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although many auto manufacturers are\Ndeveloping self-driving car technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.06,0:03:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have no way of verifying\Nthe statement today.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.72,0:03:57.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it is an opinion.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.09,0:04:01.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One thing to remember is that just\Nbecause we believe something to be true,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.59,0:04:03.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that doesn't make it a fact.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.09,0:04:06.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's recap what we learnt.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.19,0:04:11.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A fact is a statement\Nthat can be proven to be true.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.67,0:04:13.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can it be measured,\Nor confirmed with data?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.15,0:04:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can it be observed?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.84,0:04:18.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can we verify its truth\Nwith other sources?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.54,0:04:19.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Does it stay the same?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.39,0:04:22.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we answer "yes"\Nto one of these questions,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.07,0:04:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then it means it is a fact.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.44,0:04:27.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An opinion is a statement \Nof belief or judgement
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.73,0:04:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that cannot be proven true.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.48,0:04:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Does it evalute someone or something?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.56,0:04:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can we debate it?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.80,0:04:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Does it make a prediction?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.48,0:04:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can it change?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.09,0:04:38.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you answer "yes" \Nto these questions,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.15,0:04:39.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is an opinion.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.17,0:04:42.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Knowing how to separate\Nbetween fact and opinion
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.96,0:04:44.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helps us to understand information
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.61,0:04:46.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and shape our own beliefs about the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.94,0:04:49.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Try it and see if you can\Nuse these questions
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.26,0:04:51.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to tell the difference in your own life.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.79,0:04:53.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Subtitles by Carol Wang\NReview by Ilona vd Tang