1
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Is it a fact, or is it an opinion?

2
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Does it matter?

3
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Yes.

4
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Both are important.

5
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But knowing how to distinguish
between fact and opinion

6
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
can help us to better understand

7
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
what we read and hear,

8
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and how we form our opinions.

9
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Let's take a look.

10
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
A fact is a statement 
that can be proven to be true.

11
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Facts are objetive,

12
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
which means they are not influenced

13
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
by what someone thinks or believes.

14
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
A fact is indisputable

15
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and cannot be changed.

16
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
There are some key questions
to identify facts.

17
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
1) Can it be measured or confirmed
with calculations or data?

18
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
For example,

19
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
two plus two equals four.

20
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
We can add the numbers and demostrate

21
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that this stament is true.

22
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
2) Can it be observed?
Can we see it happen?

23
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
For, instance,

24
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
99% of people cannot lick ther elbow.

25
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
This is true.

26
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
This is a fact that can be observed.

27
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Research has determined
that one over a hundred people

28
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
can successfully complete this task.

29
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
3) Can it be verified by primary sources,

30
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
such as research, photographs, newspapers,

31
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and other facts?

32
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Here is an example,

33
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Nintendo was started in 1889.

34
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
This is a fact because it can be verifed

35
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
by many sources.

36
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
A man named Fusajiro Yamauchi, from Japan

37
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
founded Nintendo
as a playing card company in 1889,

38
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and now is one of the largest
gaming companies in the world.

39
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Now, let's move on to opinion,

40
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
which sometimes can be a little trickier.

41
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
An opinion is a statement

42
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
of believe or judgement.

43
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Opinions express
which someone thinks or feels.

44
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
An opinion can change.

45
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Let's look some examples.

46
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Ice cream is delicious.

47
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Many people believe this 
but some people don't.

48
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
It is a judgement, 
and therefore an opinion.

49
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
When we evaluate something or somebody

50
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
we often use adjectives
such as important, beautiful

51
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
fun or difficult.

52
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
An adjective that allows to judge something

53
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
is a clue that a statement is an opinion.

54
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Another signal word for opinions
is the word should.

55
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Here is an example.

56
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Everyone should learn
more than one language.

57
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Whether may be very good reasons

58
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to learnn more tnan one language,

59
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
not everyone would agree,

60
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
personal value do itself.

61
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Political views are opinions.

62
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Different people hold different ideas

63
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
about what societies are,

64
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and how is the best to address them.

65
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Since opinion can´t be proven or disproven,

66
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
there is no right or wrong answer,

67
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
just different view points.

68
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
While opinions may be supported
by facts and evidence,

69
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
the issue we care about
will still be

70
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
For example, I can say that

71
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
going to school year-round 
is better for students.

72
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
There are supporters of this viewpoint.

73
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Someone argues
that a shorter vacation period

74
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
would prevent students 
from forgetting what they learnt,

75
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
or say that students often get bored
over the summer.

76
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Or that other countries around the world
use a year-round system.

77
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
However, we cannot prove
that the stament is true.

78
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
There are many reasons to think
that a tenth- month calendar is better.

79
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
You can argue that a student needs
an extended break,

80
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and that they should be allowed
to participate in other summer activities.

81
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Or that a lack of air conditioning means

82
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
they shouldn't be inside school buildings
in the summer.

83
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
If we look back at the statement,

84
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
we can also identify
another signal word for opinion.

85
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The word better.

86
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
When we are comparing different things,

87
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
or we see words
like 'greatest','best' or 'better',

88
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
it can suggest we are looking 
at an opinion statement.

89
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Another type of opinion is a prediction.

90
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Often predictions are made on experience.

91
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
knowledge or research.

92
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But because they are based on the future,

93
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
we can't actually verify them today.

94
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Let's look an example.

95
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999


96
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
That sounds amazing and scary.

97
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Although many

98
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
we have no way of verifying
the statement today.

99
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
So, it is an opinion.

100
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
One thing to remember 
is that just because

101
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
we believe something to be true,

102
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that does not make it a fact.

103
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Let's recap what we learnt.

104
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
A fact is a statement
that can be proven to be true,

105
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Can it be measured
or confirmed by data?

106
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Can it be observed?

107
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Can we verify its truth
with other sources?

108
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Does it say the same?

109
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
If we answer yes to one of these questions

110
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that means it is a fact.

111
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
An opinion is a statement 
of believe and judgement

112
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that cannot be proven to be true.

113
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Does it evalute someone or something?

114
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Can we debate it?

115
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Does it make a prediction?

116
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Can it change?

117
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
If you may answer 'Yes' 
to these questions, is an opinion.

118
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Knowing how to separate
between fact and opinion,