[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.07,0:00:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sunning themselves on rocks or waddling \Nawkwardly across the beach,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.04,0:00:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it’s easy to think of these immobile \Nmammals less as sea lions,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.03,0:00:22.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more as sea house cats.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.48,0:00:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But don’t be fooled by their \Nbeachside behavior.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.00,0:00:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Under the waves, sea lions are \Nincredible endurance hunters.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.28,0:00:32.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hurtling around at speeds from \N4 to 18 miles an hour
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.84,0:00:35.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and hunting for up to 30 hours at a time,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.71,0:00:39.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these majestic mammals live \Nup to their name.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.01,0:00:41.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And thanks to a suite of \Nphysical adaptations,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.96,0:00:47.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,finely tuned over millions of years, \Nthey make for resourceful foragers.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.24,0:00:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To find their favorite food,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.90,0:00:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sea lions hunt much deeper than \Nmany of their semi-aquatic peers.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.54,0:00:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With some species diving to \Ndepths of nearly 400 meters,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.00,0:00:59.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they’re able to cope with \Nthe mounting pressure
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.31,0:01:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by collapsing their pliable rib cage, \Nand compressing a pair of springy lungs.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.38,0:01:07.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This pushes air up through \Nthe smaller airways,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.15,0:01:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,collapsing rings of cartilage as \Noxygen travels out from the lungs,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.30,0:01:14.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be held in the larger, upper airways.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.30,0:01:18.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Upon surfacing, this air will be \Nused to re-inflate the lungs,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.51,0:01:22.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for now their heart slows \Ndown to preserve oxygen.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.82,0:01:26.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Blood flow is redirected towards \Nonly the most essential organs
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.66,0:01:29.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the heart, lungs, and brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.11,0:01:33.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which rely on reserve oxygen \Nstored in blood and muscle.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.32,0:01:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once they arrive at their hunting ground,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.42,0:01:39.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sea lions depend on their superior \Nvision to find their prey.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.65,0:01:42.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most mammal eyes have \Na structure called a lens–
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.53,0:01:47.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a transparent, convex structure whose \Nshape refracts light to enable sight.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.35,0:01:52.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In humans, this lens is curved to process \Nlight waves traveling through air.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.30,0:01:56.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But sea lions need to see their \Nbest at hundreds of meters deep.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.83,0:02:01.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To accommodate, their eyes have a much \Nrounder lens to refract light underwater,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.77,0:02:03.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as teardrop-shaped pupils
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.85,0:02:07.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which can expand to 25 times \Ntheir original size.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.38,0:02:09.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This lets in as much light as possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.59,0:02:14.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helping them pinpoint their prey in \Neven the dimmest conditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.33,0:02:15.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But once they’ve closed in,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.89,0:02:21.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they rely on something akin to a sixth \Nsense to actually catch their meal.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.35,0:02:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their whiskers, or vibrissae,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.00,0:02:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are composed of keratin \Nand full of nerve fibers
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.20,0:02:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that run deep into the connective \Ntissue of their face.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.22,0:02:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sea lions have full directional control \Nover these whiskers,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.96,0:02:39.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which can lie flat against their face, \Nor stick out at a 90-degree angle.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.51,0:02:40.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When properly tuned,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.81,0:02:45.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these whiskers can sense the slim trails \Nof moving water fish leave in their wake.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.79,0:02:49.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they’re precise enough to let \Nblindfolded sea lions
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.13,0:02:54.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tell the difference between objects less \Nthan two centimeters different in size.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.32,0:02:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With these tools a healthy sea lion can\Ncatch generous helpings of fish
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.52,0:03:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as anchovy, mackerel, \Nand squid on every outing.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.48,0:03:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And with their exceptional memories, they \Ncan remember multiple hunting grounds,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.36,0:03:09.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including those they haven’t \Nvisited in decades.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.14,0:03:13.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This memory also extends to breeding \Nterritories and birthing areas,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.31,0:03:16.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as which neighbors \Nare friend and foe.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.79,0:03:20.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There’s even evidence that sea lions \Ncan remember how to perform tasks
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.78,0:03:24.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after 10 years with no \Npractice in between,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.22,0:03:27.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,letting them navigate old stomping \Ngrounds with ease.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.97,0:03:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet despite these incredible adaptations,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.38,0:03:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are changes unfolding \Nin their habitats
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.97,0:03:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,too rapidly for sea lions to handle.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.80,0:03:40.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As climate change warms the oceans, \Ncertain toxic algae species thrive.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.94,0:03:43.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This algae is harmless to \Nthe fish who eat it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.80,0:03:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for the sea lions which \Ningest those fish,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.24,0:03:50.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the algae’s domoic acid can trigger \Nseizures and brain damage.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.52,0:03:53.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Changing ocean conditions keep \Nthis algae blooming year round,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.92,0:03:58.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causing more and more sea lions \Nto wash up on beaches.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.36,0:04:01.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This tragic discovery is just one \Nof the many ways
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.32,0:04:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the health of aquatic animal \Ncommunities can help us
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.09,0:04:06.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,better understand Earth’s oceans.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.53,0:04:08.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These red flags help us take action
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.68,0:04:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to protect ourselves and other \Nmaritime mammals.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.80,0:04:15.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the more we can learn about the \Nchanging ocean that sea lions inhabit,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.56,0:04:20.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the better equipped we’ll be to help \Nthese clever creatures thrive.