[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[harp music]
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Lakshmi Narayanan] Good evening, everyone.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's my pleasant duty this evening to welcome all of you
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to this event.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is an event that is jointly conducted by
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TiE Chennai, NASSCOM, and the Internet Society.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I see many TiE members, governing council members,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,participants, etc. Welcome to all of you.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is one of those very important events.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've been having a few of those recently in TiE.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last time we were here was to listen to Kanwal Rekhi),
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the original entrepreneur - the founder of the TiE network.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He spent an evening with charter members of TiE. That was in association with
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Madras Management Association.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today we ae happt to collaborate with NASSCOM, the Internet Society.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sivasubramanian from the Internet Society is here.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ramaraj is here, the Past President, and he has just come here
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after successfully completing TiEcon, the annual conference of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TiE Chennai, in Dedember.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me welcome all of you, and a special welcome to Dr. Vinton Grey Cerf,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who has been here -- many other people -- I was at a meeting
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the adjoining hotel. There are about three or four people
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who immediately recognized him. So I asked them:..
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wow, you know about Dr, Cerf? He is saying:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've been attending the IEEE event yesterday, we were with him today in another meeting, and i'm sure they are going to come and listen to him again this evening.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they are all fascinated by your lectures. Thank you for being here. Let me conclude by welcoming once again.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I leave it back to (inaudible)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[MC] Thank you Lakshmi. May I now invite Mr. Sivasubramanian, President of Internet Society India, Chennai Chapter.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Sivasubramanian Muthusumy] Good evening. Internet Society India Chennai Chapter is one of the 90 chapters
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Internet Society, and at the Internet Society, we have chapters, and over 55,000 members.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, the Internet Society is home to organisational,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,i mean, the Internet Society is home to the Internet technical community,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also to the Internet Engineering Task Force, Internet Architecture Board,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and most of the standards for Internet is developed through these bodies, by open process.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the Internet Society works very closely with ICANN and W3C.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at the Internet Society Chennai chapter, we contribute to the Internet Governance policy making process
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and take part in international forums related to Internet policy and technical development.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have -- from the Internet Society, we have always wanted to have a program with the TIE, for a very long time,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it has happened with the visit of Dr. Cerf.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the topic chosen is with the purpose of asking Dr. Cerf to tell us how to build a Google, or a Facebook from India.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to tell us that we don't need anybody's permission to do that.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't need licences to do that. That is what the Internet ecosystem is all about.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also to ask you to take part in the policy process to provide inputs to governments to join the Internet Society,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make sure that this environment of permissionless innovation is preserved, for us to prosper.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I am enormously grateful to Dr. Cerf, for setting aside this time to take part in this meeting,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he has been very kind,and we are also thankful to TiE.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Though it is a joint meeting, most of the work has been done by TiE.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As also the sponsorships, everything, literally everything was done by TIE. Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[MC] Thank you, Siva.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is pleasure now to invite Ramaraj, Past President of TiE Chennai, also an advisor to the Internet Society, to introduce Dr. Vint Cerf.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[R. Ramaraj] Vint Cerf is known as one of the Fathers of the Internet.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He is currently the Internet evangelist, and rightly so, because not only did he create the Internet,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but since then, he has been travelling around the world to ensure there is a benevolent environment
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which the Internet can grow and flourish.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so that is really what Vint has been doing all these years,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,44 years now, since the Internet was invented by Vint and a few of his fellow scientists at UCLA.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the 44th year, Internet is something that we take for granted.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is ubiquitous, it is there, so much so that some countries are saying
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that access to the Internet should be a fundamental right, and actually have made it so.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our ministry of IT is considering that, in new buildings, as part of the completion certificate,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along with other utilities of electricity, water, etc.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,access to the Internet is going to be one of the things that'll be mandated in new buildings.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's becoming more and more core to what is happening in our lives.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just thought i'll touch upon a few issues and cross-roads I think we are at.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first is, there are about 2 billion Internet users, about 140 million or so are from India.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many of them access this using the mobile.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are another 4-5 billion who need to get included.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So one of the initiatives, that Vint did, many years ago, whicj is bearing fruit, is the starting of what is called
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Internationalised Domain Names, or IDNs.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have .IN in India. That is now available, or will be available shortly, in eight local scripts.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is in Hindi, Tamil, Hazdot, Parat, Parat-tum, in Tamil, etc. in eight native local scripts, it's going to be available.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a starting point to bring people, non-English speaking people onto the net,.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Similarly, it's gone into Arabia, China, Russia in local languages.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's something that VInt started, and it is a starting point for how to get more people onto the Internet.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second big initiative that was started which is now again starting to bear fruit, is IPv6.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,IPv6, Vint is the honourary chairman of the IPv6 Forum, and IPv6 is something that is going to make the Internet of things a reality.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are starting to see it already in the mobile phones, but we are seeing it in almost everything - cars, trucks
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- and IPv6, those numbers are now available, compared to IPv4, almost limitless, in relative terms.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it is again something where we are going to see a serious impact in the way we think and use the Internet going forward.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A third area that is starting to impact is Internet Governance.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Vint helped start an orgnisation called ICANN
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a not for profit organisation out of California.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the -- an organisation that focuses on Internet resources, names and numbers.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Names like .com, .org, .in, etc. -- .barrat
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and IP addresses.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's one, or a couple of those resources.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was started, and I happened -- had the good fortune of being on the board at ICANN when Vint was the chairman.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there, ICANN was started, keeping the fact that it's a multistakeholder model,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of us can be part of Internet governance in the ICANN model.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's got civil society, it's got technology people, it's got lawyyers - copyright lawyers, trademark lawyers,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's got governments.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it was multi-stakeholder, light-touch governance. But with the Internet becoming more and more influential
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with events like the Arab Spring, there is a move to see how the Internet governance can be more tightly influenced by the government.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think part of what we are talking here, of an Open Internet, is how can we all participate in making sure that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this light-touch, multi-stakeholder model carries on.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's something, and it so happened that ICANN, and with a few influencers like Vint, spoke to Kapil Sibal,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some of our Ministry of IT folks, who had a position saying
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is good for the Internet to have government set, globally.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And luckily they changed that, and have now taken the stance, that it should be multi-stakeholder driven,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they said that at the IGF, where they said it should be multi-stakeholder model,.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is the way inclusion will happen, this is the way innovation will happen,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's something that came out, luckily for us, that India has had the foresight to participate in that.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think the last one I wanted to touch upon is Internet regulation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Internet regulation is again coming up where people want to stat controlling content and behaviour.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've had a stark example of two girls who said something on Facebook, and were arrested.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they had written to the Editor of the TImes of India, instead of going onto Facebook,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,offline media, would the police have arrested them, or would somebody have sued them?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the due process of law, for offline is getting accelerated, exaggerated, in the online world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And therefore, how can we bring some sanity - it's a work in progress -
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people don't know how to respond to something that creates this level of impact.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so how can we all participate in making sure?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, January 18th last year, there was a bill that was going to be passed in the United States
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would have in some way brought a degree of censorship to the Internet.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More than 10 million rallied around and got their both online, offline support, to say this is rubbish, itshould not happen.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was actually called "The Dark" --.many websites went dark.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it has now been stated as Freedom Day for the Internet, so January 18th, just a few days ago,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was celebrated as the Freedom Day for the Internet.,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the government of the United States said we will now rethink that bill,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore that kind of censorship is not happening.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can we participate, and ICANN, and other bodies, and ISOC,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which Shiva was talking about, are bodies in which we can all participate,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and actually influence, because multi-stakeholder model means Internet users,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to technical standards, to policy, government, all of that.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can actually participate.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you actually go to the ICANN.org site, that's one place where you could participate,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or ISOC.-- Siva is here, you could talk to him.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me come to introducing the speaker, which is really my task,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I thought I would bring it in context of why we are so excited by the presence of Vint,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who not only helped invent this fantastic tool that we use,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but has also worked very hard to evangelise the Internet,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see that there is a safe harbour for us all to use it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many pages of awards, so I won't go into all of them
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll just highlight a few, Vint.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1997, President Clinton awarded the US National Medal for Technology.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 2004, the Alan M. Turing award was given to Vint, which is considered to be the Nobel Prize of Computer Science.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a very unique prize that was given.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President Bush gave the Presidential Model of Freedom.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's equal unto a Bharat Ratna, it's the highest civilian award that can be given, that was given.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was the Japan Prize. Extraordinarily prestigious recognition from Japan.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The National Inventors Hall of Fame have inducted Vint for all the innovation that he has done.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Stanford Engineering School calls him a hero, in that engineering school.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was Chairman and founder of, helped found ICANN, founding President of ISOC.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On January 16th, President Obama invited Vint to join the board of Directors of the National Science Foundation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a governing body for all science and technology in the United States,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including engineering and science education.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these are just a few samples of the kind of awards and recognition that VInt has had.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's one other aspect to Vint that I enjoyed, as on the board, outside of the Internet, he loves fine wine.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the benefits we all had was great wine when Vint was around.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Vint, thank you for that, and we all look forward to hearing to you, the stage is yours. Vint.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Applause]
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Vint Cerf] Well, first of all, I really appreciate an opportunbity to speak with you,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly considering that many of you are part of the entrepreneurial business community,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if there is any place that Internet can be leveraged,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is in your hands.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did want to mention a couple of -- Ramaraj, you covered a good deal of material
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I would have covered in my talk,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I appreciate that. [laughter]
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It saves me the trouble, and I will be able to emphasize other things.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With regard to anniversaries, though, I would like to mention a couple of them.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Internet Society was started in 1992, on January 1st,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it had it's 20th anniversary last year,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we celebrated that in Geneva with a big party.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This year on January 1st, the Internet itself was actually turned on - it was 30 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not quite -- I'l come back to you with the 44 number in just a moment.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, on January 1st 1983, we turned the Internet on,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's never been shut down since that time.