[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.88,0:00:17.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So many of you have probably seen\Nthe movie "The Martian."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.07,0:00:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But for those of you who did not,\Nit's a movie about an astronaut
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.91,0:00:26.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is stranded on Mars,\Nand his efforts to stay alive
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.47,0:00:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until the Earth can send a rescue mission\Nto bring him back to Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.13,0:00:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gladly, they do re-establish communication
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.29,0:00:37.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the character,\Nastronaut Watney, at some point
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.86,0:00:43.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that he's not as alone\Non Mars until he can be rescued.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.65,0:00:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while you're watching the movie,\Nor even if you haven't,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.44,0:00:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you think about Mars,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.01,0:00:52.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're probably thinking about\Nhow far away it is and how distant.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.83,0:00:55.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, what might not\Nhave occurred to you is,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.44,0:00:59.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what are the logistics really like\Nof working on another planet --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.36,0:01:01.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of living on two planets
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.63,0:01:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when there are people on the Earth\Nand there are rovers or people on Mars?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.48,0:01:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So think about when you have friends,\Nfamilies and co-workers
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.10,0:01:16.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in California, on the West Coast\Nor in other parts of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.82,0:01:18.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you're trying\Nto communicate with them,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.90,0:01:21.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the things\Nyou probably first think about is:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.36,0:01:23.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wait, what time is it in California?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.48,0:01:26.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Will I wake them up? Is it OK to call?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.48,0:01:29.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So even if you're interacting\Nwith colleagues who are in Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.85,0:01:31.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're immediately thinking about:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.92,0:01:38.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does it take to coordinate\Ncommunication when people are far away?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.81,0:01:45.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we don't have people on Mars\Nright now, but we do have rovers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.72,0:01:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And actually right now, on Curiosity,\Nit is 6:10 in the morning.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.30,0:01:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, 6:10 in the morning on Mars.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.47,0:01:57.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have four rovers on Mars.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.50,0:02:01.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The United States has put four rovers\Non Mars since the mid-1990s,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.53,0:02:05.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I have been privileged enough\Nto work on three of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.49,0:02:10.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I am a spacecraft engineer,\Na spacecraft operations engineer,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.04,0:02:14.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory\Nin Los Angeles, California.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.45,0:02:19.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these rovers\Nare our robotic emissaries.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.64,0:02:25.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, they are our eyes and our ears,\Nand they see the planet for us
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.94,0:02:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until we can send people.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.80,0:02:33.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we learn how to operate\Non other planets through these rovers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.11,0:02:37.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So before we send people, we send robots.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.92,0:02:41.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the reason there's a time difference\Non Mars right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.90,0:02:44.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the time that we're at
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.16,0:02:48.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because the Martian day\Nis longer than the Earth day.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.49,0:02:51.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our Earth day is 24 hours,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.31,0:02:54.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's how long it takes\Nthe Earth to rotate,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.71,0:02:56.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how long it takes to go around once.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.73,0:02:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So our day is 24 hours.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.06,0:03:05.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It takes Mars 24 hours and approximately\N40 minutes to rotate once.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.90,0:03:12.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that means that the Martian day\Nis 40 minutes longer than the Earth day.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.98,0:03:17.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So teams of people who are operating\Nthe rovers on Mars, like this one --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.87,0:03:19.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is one of our teams that I'm part of,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.89,0:03:21.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I usually sit at this table over here --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.99,0:03:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we are doing is we are living\Non Earth, but working on Mars.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.43,0:03:32.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have to think as if we are actually\Non Mars with the rover.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.26,0:03:36.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our job, the job of this team,\Nof which I'm a part of,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.86,0:03:42.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to send commands to the rover\Nto tell it what to do the next day.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.82,0:03:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To tell it to drive or drill\Nor tell her whatever she's supposed to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.16,0:03:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while she's sleeping --\Nand the rover does sleep at night
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.65,0:03:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because she needs\Nto recharge her batteries
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.04,0:03:57.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she needs to weather\Nthe cold Martian night.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.96,0:03:59.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so she sleeps.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.35,0:04:04.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while she sleeps, we work\Non her program for the next day.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.46,0:04:07.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I work the Martian night shift.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.47,0:04:09.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.08,0:04:15.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in order to come to work on the Earth\Nat the same time every day on Mars --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.74,0:04:18.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like, let's say I need to be\Nat work at 5:00 p.m.,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.16,0:04:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this team needs to be at work\Nat 5:00 p.m. Mars time every day,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.76,0:04:30.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we have to come to work\Non the Earth 40 minutes later every day,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.75,0:04:33.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to stay in sync with Mars.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.95,0:04:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's like moving a time zone every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.93,0:04:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So one day you come in at 8:00,\Nthe next day 40 minutes later at 8:40,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.40,0:04:45.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the next day 40 minutes later at 9:20,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.70,0:04:47.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the next day at 10:00.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.31,0:04:50.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you keep moving 40 minutes every day,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.91,0:04:53.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until soon you're coming to work\Nin the middle of the night --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.93,0:04:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the middle of the Earth night.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.77,0:04:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? So you can imagine\Nhow confusing that is.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.41,0:05:01.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hence, the Mars watch.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.58,0:05:03.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.43,0:05:04.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.47,0:05:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think they're going to zoom in.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.13,0:05:09.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.41,0:05:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This weights in this watch\Nhave been mechanically adjusted
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.82,0:05:16.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that it runs more slowly.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.37,0:05:18.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? And we didn't start out --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.29,0:05:20.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got this watch in 2004
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.54,0:05:23.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when Spirit and Opportunity,\Nthe rovers back then.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.86,0:05:25.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We didn't start out thinking
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.50,0:05:27.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we were going to need Mars watches.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.95,0:05:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? We thought, OK,\Nwe'll just have the time on our computers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.40,0:05:36.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and on the mission control screens,\Nand that would be enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.08,0:05:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, not so much.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.48,0:05:40.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we weren't just\Nworking on Mars time,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.36,0:05:43.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were actually living on Mars time.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.54,0:05:47.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we got just instantaneously confused\Nabout what time it was.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.84,0:05:51.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you really needed something\Non your wrist to tell you:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.66,0:05:54.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What time is it on the Earth?\NWhat time is it on Mars?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.38,0:06:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it wasn't just the time on Mars\Nthat was confusing;
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.30,0:06:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we also needed to be able\Nto talk to each other about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.61,0:06:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a "sol" is a Martian day --\Nagain, 24 hours and 40 minutes.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.26,0:06:15.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we're talking about something\Nthat's happening on the Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.48,0:06:16.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will say, today.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.50,0:06:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, for Mars, we say, "tosol."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.36,0:06:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.27,0:06:27.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yesterday became "yestersol" for Mars.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.11,0:06:32.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, we didn't start out thinking,\N"Oh, let's invent a language."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.64,0:06:33.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was just very confusing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.96,0:06:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember somebody\Nwalked up to me and said,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.16,0:06:39.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I would like to do this activity\Non the vehicle tomorrow, on the rover."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.62,0:06:44.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I said, "Tomorrow, tomorrow,\Nor Mars, tomorrow?"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.26,0:06:50.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We started this terminology because\Nwe needed a way to talk to each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.34,0:06:51.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.78,0:06:56.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tomorrow became "nextersol" or "solorrow."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.89,0:07:00.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because people have different preferences\Nfor the words they use.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.53,0:07:04.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of you might say "soda"\Nand some of you might say "pop."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.00,0:07:08.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have people who say\N"nextersol" or "solorrow."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.74,0:07:13.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then something that I noticed after\Na few years of working on these missions,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.48,0:07:18.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that the people who work\Non the rovers, we say "tosol."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.60,0:07:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The people who work on the\Nlanded missions that don't rove around,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.16,0:07:23.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they say "tosoul."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.13,0:07:28.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I could actually tell what mission\Nyou worked on from your Martian accent.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.88,0:07:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.52,0:07:34.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.22,0:07:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have the watches and the language,\Nand you're detecting a theme here, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.10,0:07:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that we don't get confused.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.66,0:07:44.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But even the Earth daylight\Ncould confuse us.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.67,0:07:47.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you think that right now,\Nyou've come to work
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.28,0:07:49.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's the middle of the Martian night
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.40,0:07:52.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's light streaming in\Nfrom the windows
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.72,0:07:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's going to be confusing as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.33,0:07:57.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can see from\Nthis image of the control room
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.86,0:08:00.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that all of the blinds are down.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.15,0:08:03.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that there's no light to distract us.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.18,0:08:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The blinds went down all over the building\Nabout a week before landing,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.05,0:08:11.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they didn't go up\Nuntil we went off Mars time.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.77,0:08:14.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this also works\Nfor the house, for at home.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.98,0:08:17.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been on Mars time three times,\Nand my husband is like,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.77,0:08:19.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, we're getting ready for Mars time.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.61,0:08:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so he'll put foil all over the windows\Nand dark curtains and shades
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.84,0:08:28.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it also affects your families.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.01,0:08:33.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so here I was living in kind of\Nthis darkened environment, but so was he.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.45,0:08:35.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he'd gotten used to it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.77,0:08:39.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then I would get these plaintive\Nemails from him when he was at work.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.00,0:08:43.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Should I come home? Are you awake?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.32,0:08:46.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What time is it on Mars?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.47,0:08:48.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I decided, OK,\Nso he needs a Mars watch.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.99,0:08:50.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.55,0:08:54.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But of course, it's 2016,\Nso there's an app for that.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.01,0:08:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.31,0:09:00.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now instead of the watches,\Nwe can also use our phones.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.34,0:09:05.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the impact on families\Nwas just across the board;
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.51,0:09:09.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it wasn't just those of us\Nwho were working on the rovers
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.20,0:09:11.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but our families as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.43,0:09:13.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is David Oh,\None of our flight directors,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.94,0:09:18.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he's at the beach in Los Angeles\Nwith his family at 1:00 in the morning.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.43,0:09:19.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.88,0:09:22.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So because we landed in August
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.88,0:09:27.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his kids didn't have to go back\Nto school until September,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.36,0:09:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they actually went on to Mars time\Nwith him for one month.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.13,0:09:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They got up 40 minutes later every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.92,0:09:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they were on dad's work schedule.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.13,0:09:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they lived on Mars time for a month\Nand had these great adventures,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.13,0:09:45.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like going bowling\Nin the middle of the night
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.25,0:09:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or going to the beach.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.89,0:09:50.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the things\Nthat we all discovered
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.28,0:09:54.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is you can get anywhere in Los Angeles
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.29,0:09:57.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at 3:00 in the morning\Nwhen there's no traffic.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.87,0:09:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.36,0:10:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we would get off work,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.18,0:10:04.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we didn't want to go home\Nand bother our families,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.32,0:10:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we were hungry, so instead of\Ngoing locally to eat something,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.53,0:10:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'd go, "Wait, there's this great\Nall-night deli in Long Beach,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.12,0:10:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can get there in 10 minutes!"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.39,0:10:16.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we would drive down --\Nit was like the 60s, no traffic.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.13,0:10:19.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We would drive down there,\Nand the restaurant owners would go,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.91,0:10:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Who are you people?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.77,0:10:26.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And why are you at my restaurant\Nat 3:00 in the morning?"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.30,0:10:31.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they came to realize\Nthat there were these packs of Martians --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.72,0:10:32.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.01,0:10:37.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,roaming the LA freeways,\Nin the middle of the night --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.63,0:10:40.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the middle of the Earth night.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.68,0:10:45.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we did actually\Nstart calling ourselves Martians.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.93,0:10:51.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So those of us who were on Mars time\Nwould refer to ourselves as Martians,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.56,0:10:54.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and everyone else as Earthlings.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.43,0:10:55.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.76,0:11:01.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's because when you're moving\Na time-zone every day,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.48,0:11:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you start to really feel separated\Nfrom everyone else.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.31,0:11:11.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're literally in your own world.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.05,0:11:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I have this button on that says,\N"I survived Mars time. Sol 0-90."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.100,0:11:21.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's a picture of it\Nup on the screen.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.77,0:11:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the reason we got these buttons\Nis because we work on Mars time
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.42,0:11:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to be as efficient as possible\Nwith the rover on Mars,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.49,0:11:34.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make the best use of our time.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.81,0:11:38.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we don't stay on Mars time\Nfor more than three to four months.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.72,0:11:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eventually, we'll move to a modified Mars\Ntime, which is what we're working now.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.52,0:11:49.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's because it's hard on\Nyour bodies, it's hard on your families.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.20,0:11:54.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, there were sleep researchers\Nwho actually were studying us
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.11,0:11:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it was so unusual for humans\Nto try to extend their day.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.36,0:12:02.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, I wore an [actigraph].
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.57,0:12:03.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they had about 30 of us
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.89,0:12:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they would do\Nsleep deprivation experiments on.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.54,0:12:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I would come in and take the test\Nand I fell asleep in each one.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.12,0:12:17.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that was because, again,\Nthis eventually becomes hard on your body.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.79,0:12:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even though it was a blast.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.13,0:12:25.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a huge bonding experience\Nwith the other members on the team,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.67,0:12:28.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it is difficult to sustain.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.49,0:12:35.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these rover missions are our first\Nsteps out into the solar system.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.70,0:12:40.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are learning how to live\Non more than one planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.79,0:12:45.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are changing our perspective\Nto become multi-planetary.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.19,0:12:48.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the next time you see\Na Star Wars movie,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.01,0:12:52.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are people going\Nfrom the Dagobah system to Tatooine,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.71,0:12:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think about what it really means to have\Npeople spread out so far.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.22,0:13:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What it means in terms of\Nthe distances between them,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.31,0:13:05.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how they will start to feel\Nseparate from each other
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.15,0:13:08.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just the logistics of the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.18,0:13:13.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have not sent people\Nto Mars yet, but we hope to.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.76,0:13:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And between companies like SpaceX and NASA
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.62,0:13:21.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all of the international\Nspace agencies of the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.13,0:13:24.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we hope to do that\Nin the next few decades.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.92,0:13:30.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So soon we will have people on Mars,\Nand we truly will be multi-planetary.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.24,0:13:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the young boy or the young girl
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.68,0:13:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who will be going to Mars could be\Nin this audience or listening today.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.45,0:13:47.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have wanted to work at JPL\Non these missions since I was 14 years old
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.07,0:13:49.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I am privileged to be a part of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.32,0:13:53.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is a remarkable time\Nin the space program,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.40,0:13:56.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we are all in this journey together.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.59,0:14:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the next time you think\Nyou don't have enough time in your day,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.83,0:14:06.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just remember, it's all a matter\Nof your Earthly perspective.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.63,0:14:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.81,0:14:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)