0:00:01.658,0:00:03.158
I was here four years ago,

0:00:03.182,0:00:04.976
and I remember, at the time,

0:00:05.000,0:00:08.519
that the talks weren't put online.

0:00:08.543,0:00:11.976
I think they were given[br]to TEDsters in a box,

0:00:12.000,0:00:13.851
a box set of DVDs,

0:00:13.875,0:00:16.367
which they put on their shelves,[br]where they are now.

0:00:16.391,0:00:18.367
(Laughter)

0:00:19.419,0:00:22.977
And actually, Chris called me[br]a week after I'd given my talk, and said,

0:00:23.001,0:00:26.205
"We're going to start putting them online.[br]Can we put yours online?"

0:00:26.229,0:00:28.109
And I said, "Sure."

0:00:28.133,0:00:30.712
And four years later,

0:00:30.736,0:00:34.976
it's been downloaded four million times.

0:00:35.870,0:00:38.712
So I suppose you could multiply that[br]by 20 or something

0:00:38.736,0:00:40.784
to get the number[br]of people who've seen it.

0:00:40.808,0:00:44.912
And, as Chris says, there is[br]a hunger for videos of me.

0:00:45.365,0:00:48.009
(Laughter)

0:00:48.033,0:00:51.033
(Applause)

0:00:54.076,0:00:55.078
Don't you feel?

0:00:55.102,0:00:58.020
(Laughter)

0:00:59.857,0:01:03.601
So, this whole event[br]has been an elaborate build-up

0:01:03.625,0:01:06.264
to me doing another one[br]for you, so here it is.

0:01:06.288,0:01:07.775
(Laughter)

0:01:09.301,0:01:14.976
Al Gore spoke at the TED conference[br]I spoke at four years ago

0:01:15.000,0:01:17.702
and talked about the climate crisis.

0:01:17.726,0:01:20.797
And I referenced that[br]at the end of my last talk.

0:01:21.408,0:01:22.976
So I want to pick up from there

0:01:23.000,0:01:25.050
because I only had 18 minutes, frankly.

0:01:25.074,0:01:26.106
(Laughter)

0:01:26.636,0:01:27.976
So, as I was saying --

0:01:28.000,0:01:33.000
(Laughter)

0:01:37.291,0:01:38.322
You see, he's right.

0:01:38.346,0:01:40.976
I mean, there is a major[br]climate crisis, obviously,

0:01:41.000,0:01:44.096
and I think if people don't believe it,[br]they should get out more.

0:01:44.120,0:01:46.296
(Laughter)

0:01:47.828,0:01:51.343
But I believe there is[br]a second climate crisis,

0:01:51.367,0:01:53.542
which is as severe,

0:01:53.566,0:01:55.976
which has the same origins,

0:01:56.000,0:01:59.422
and that we have to deal with[br]with the same urgency.

0:02:00.034,0:02:02.202
And you may say, by the way,

0:02:02.226,0:02:03.910
"Look, I'm good.

0:02:03.934,0:02:07.116
I have one climate crisis,[br]I don't really need the second one."

0:02:07.424,0:02:08.441
(Laughter)

0:02:08.465,0:02:10.838
But this is a crisis of,[br]not natural resources --

0:02:10.862,0:02:12.784
though I believe that's true --

0:02:12.808,0:02:15.008
but a crisis of human resources.

0:02:15.643,0:02:16.976
I believe fundamentally,

0:02:17.000,0:02:19.770
as many speakers have said[br]during the past few days,

0:02:19.794,0:02:24.240
that we make very poor use of our talents.

0:02:24.904,0:02:27.000
Very many people go[br]through their whole lives

0:02:27.024,0:02:29.976
having no real sense[br]of what their talents may be,

0:02:30.000,0:02:31.976
or if they have any to speak of.

0:02:32.769,0:02:34.110
I meet all kinds of people

0:02:34.134,0:02:36.698
who don't think[br]they're really good at anything.

0:02:37.253,0:02:41.125
Actually, I kind of divide the world[br]into two groups now.

0:02:41.149,0:02:44.553
Jeremy Bentham, the great[br]utilitarian philosopher,

0:02:44.577,0:02:45.976
once spiked this argument.

0:02:46.000,0:02:48.664
He said, "There are two types[br]of people in this world:

0:02:48.688,0:02:50.648
those who divide the world into two types

0:02:50.672,0:02:51.848
and those who do not."

0:02:51.872,0:02:54.872
(Laughter)

0:02:57.680,0:02:58.729
Well, I do.

0:02:58.753,0:03:00.753
(Laughter)

0:03:04.482,0:03:09.442
I meet all kinds of people[br]who don't enjoy what they do.

0:03:09.466,0:03:12.259
They simply go through their lives[br]getting on with it.

0:03:12.713,0:03:15.142
They get no great pleasure[br]from what they do.

0:03:15.166,0:03:18.639
They endure it rather than enjoy it,

0:03:18.663,0:03:20.106
and wait for the weekend.

0:03:21.060,0:03:22.895
But I also meet people

0:03:22.919,0:03:26.976
who love what they do[br]and couldn't imagine doing anything else.

0:03:27.000,0:03:28.807
If you said, "Don't do this anymore,"

0:03:28.831,0:03:30.828
they'd wonder what you're talking about.

0:03:30.852,0:03:32.928
It isn't what they do, it's who they are.

0:03:32.952,0:03:34.893
They say, "But this is me, you know.

0:03:34.917,0:03:36.822
It would be foolish to abandon this,

0:03:36.846,0:03:38.948
because it speaks[br]to my most authentic self."

0:03:39.453,0:03:42.103
And it's not true of enough people.

0:03:42.587,0:03:46.071
In fact, on the contrary, I think[br]it's still true of a minority of people.

0:03:46.659,0:03:49.976
And I think there are many[br]possible explanations for it.

0:03:50.450,0:03:54.387
And high among them is education,

0:03:54.411,0:03:56.785
because education, in a way,

0:03:56.809,0:04:00.332
dislocates very many people[br]from their natural talents.

0:04:00.872,0:04:03.745
And human resources[br]are like natural resources;

0:04:03.769,0:04:05.111
they're often buried deep.

0:04:05.729,0:04:07.271
You have to go looking for them,

0:04:07.295,0:04:09.462
they're not just lying around[br]on the surface.

0:04:09.486,0:04:12.690
You have to create the circumstances[br]where they show themselves.

0:04:12.714,0:04:16.214
And you might imagine[br]education would be the way that happens,

0:04:16.238,0:04:17.738
but too often, it's not.

0:04:18.555,0:04:22.313
Every education system in the world[br]is being reformed at the moment

0:04:22.337,0:04:23.610
and it's not enough.

0:04:24.046,0:04:26.744
Reform is no use anymore,

0:04:26.768,0:04:29.395
because that's simply improving[br]a broken model.

0:04:30.133,0:04:31.180
What we need --

0:04:31.204,0:04:33.973
and the word's been used[br]many times in the past few days --

0:04:33.997,0:04:35.751
is not evolution,

0:04:35.775,0:04:38.378
but a revolution in education.

0:04:38.767,0:04:41.976
This has to be transformed[br]into something else.

0:04:42.000,0:04:47.022
(Applause)

0:04:48.000,0:04:53.305
One of the real challenges[br]is to innovate fundamentally in education.

0:04:54.106,0:04:56.217
Innovation is hard,

0:04:56.241,0:04:59.437
because it means doing something[br]that people don't find very easy,

0:04:59.461,0:05:00.823
for the most part.

0:05:00.847,0:05:03.255
It means challenging[br]what we take for granted,

0:05:03.279,0:05:05.271
things that we think are obvious.

0:05:05.895,0:05:09.976
The great problem for reform[br]or transformation

0:05:10.000,0:05:12.015
is the tyranny of common sense.

0:05:12.850,0:05:14.194
Things that people think,

0:05:14.218,0:05:16.747
"It can't be done differently,[br]that's how it's done."

0:05:16.771,0:05:19.588
I came across a great quote recently[br]from Abraham Lincoln,

0:05:19.612,0:05:22.453
who I thought you'd be pleased[br]to have quoted at this point.

0:05:22.477,0:05:24.222
(Laughter)

0:05:24.246,0:05:30.507
He said this in December 1862[br]to the second annual meeting of Congress.

0:05:31.198,0:05:34.507
I ought to explain that I have no idea[br]what was happening at the time.

0:05:35.952,0:05:38.705
We don't teach[br]American history in Britain.

0:05:38.729,0:05:40.642
(Laughter)

0:05:40.666,0:05:42.976
We suppress it.[br]You know, this is our policy.

0:05:43.000,0:05:45.304
(Laughter)

0:05:46.137,0:05:48.708
No doubt, something fascinating[br]was happening then,

0:05:48.732,0:05:51.442
which the Americans among us[br]will be aware of.

0:05:53.347,0:05:54.354
But he said this:

0:05:55.656,0:06:01.801
"The dogmas of the quiet past[br]are inadequate to the stormy present.

0:06:02.761,0:06:06.579
The occasion[br]is piled high with difficulty,

0:06:06.603,0:06:09.981
and we must rise with the occasion."

0:06:10.552,0:06:11.583
I love that.

0:06:11.607,0:06:13.623
Not rise to it, rise with it.

0:06:15.203,0:06:17.192
"As our case is new,

0:06:17.216,0:06:22.296
so we must think anew and act anew.

0:06:23.000,0:06:25.976
We must disenthrall ourselves,

0:06:26.000,0:06:27.965
and then we shall save our country."

0:06:29.000,0:06:31.315
I love that word, "disenthrall."

0:06:31.711,0:06:32.816
You know what it means?

0:06:32.840,0:06:35.976
That there are ideas[br]that all of us are enthralled to,

0:06:36.000,0:06:39.033
which we simply take for granted[br]as the natural order of things,

0:06:39.057,0:06:40.429
the way things are.

0:06:40.453,0:06:43.103
And many of our ideas have been formed,

0:06:43.127,0:06:45.365
not to meet the circumstances[br]of this century,

0:06:45.389,0:06:48.056
but to cope with the circumstances[br]of previous centuries.

0:06:48.080,0:06:50.253
But our minds[br]are still hypnotized by them,

0:06:50.277,0:06:52.976
and we have to disenthrall ourselves[br]of some of them.

0:06:53.523,0:06:55.928
Now, doing this is easier said than done.

0:06:55.952,0:06:59.165
It's very hard to know, by the way,[br]what it is you take for granted.

0:06:59.689,0:07:01.984
And the reason[br]is that you take it for granted.

0:07:02.008,0:07:03.010
(Laughter)

0:07:03.034,0:07:05.368
Let me ask you something[br]you may take for granted.

0:07:05.392,0:07:07.561
How many of you here[br]are over the age of 25?

0:07:08.620,0:07:12.122
That's not what you take for granted,[br]I'm sure you're familiar with that.

0:07:12.690,0:07:14.976
Are there any people here[br]under the age of 25?

0:07:15.770,0:07:17.976
Great. Now, those over 25,

0:07:18.000,0:07:20.976
could you put your hands up[br]if you're wearing your wristwatch?

0:07:21.795,0:07:23.976
Now that's a great deal of us, isn't it?

0:07:24.580,0:07:26.993
Ask a room full of teenagers[br]the same thing.

0:07:27.572,0:07:29.635
Teenagers do not wear wristwatches.

0:07:29.659,0:07:31.573
I don't mean they can't,

0:07:31.597,0:07:33.048
they just often choose not to.

0:07:33.445,0:07:37.041
And the reason is we were brought up[br]in a pre-digital culture,

0:07:37.065,0:07:38.276
those of us over 25.

0:07:38.300,0:07:40.449
And so for us,[br]if you want to know the time,

0:07:40.473,0:07:42.419
you have to wear something to tell it.

0:07:42.443,0:07:45.142
Kids now live in a world[br]which is digitized,

0:07:45.166,0:07:46.976
and the time, for them, is everywhere.

0:07:47.277,0:07:48.718
They see no reason to do this.

0:07:49.146,0:07:50.991
And by the way, you don't need either;

0:07:51.015,0:07:53.984
it's just that you've always done it[br]and you carry on doing it.

0:07:54.008,0:07:57.253
My daughter never wears a watch,[br]my daughter Kate, who's 20.

0:07:57.277,0:07:58.670
She doesn't see the point.

0:07:58.694,0:08:00.481
As she says,

0:08:00.505,0:08:02.376
"It's a single-function device."

0:08:02.400,0:08:07.528
(Laughter)

0:08:07.552,0:08:09.219
"Like, how lame is that?"

0:08:09.896,0:08:12.136
And I say, "No, no,[br]it tells the date as well."

0:08:12.160,0:08:16.160
(Laughter)

0:08:17.000,0:08:18.603
"It has multiple functions."

0:08:18.627,0:08:19.976
(Laughter)

0:08:20.000,0:08:23.452
But, you see, there are things[br]we're enthralled to in education.

0:08:24.033,0:08:25.388
A couple of examples.

0:08:25.412,0:08:28.135
One of them is the idea of linearity:

0:08:28.159,0:08:30.795
that it starts here[br]and you go through a track

0:08:30.819,0:08:32.342
and if you do everything right,

0:08:32.366,0:08:34.993
you will end up set[br]for the rest of your life.

0:08:37.000,0:08:39.524
Everybody who's spoken at TED[br]has told us implicitly,

0:08:39.548,0:08:42.224
or sometimes explicitly,[br]a different story:

0:08:42.248,0:08:44.976
that life is not linear; it's organic.

0:08:45.478,0:08:47.470
We create our lives symbiotically

0:08:47.494,0:08:49.343
as we explore our talents

0:08:49.367,0:08:52.207
in relation to the circumstances[br]they help to create for us.

0:08:52.596,0:08:55.976
But, you know, we have become obsessed[br]with this linear narrative.

0:08:56.310,0:08:59.700
And probably the pinnacle for education[br]is getting you to college.

0:09:00.216,0:09:02.976
I think we are obsessed[br]with getting people to college.

0:09:03.422,0:09:04.701
Certain sorts of college.

0:09:04.725,0:09:07.629
I don't mean you shouldn't go,[br]but not everybody needs to go,

0:09:07.653,0:09:08.846
or go now.

0:09:08.870,0:09:11.502
Maybe they go later, not right away.

0:09:11.526,0:09:14.654
And I was up in San Francisco[br]a while ago doing a book signing.

0:09:14.678,0:09:17.477
There was this guy buying a book,[br]he was in his 30s.

0:09:17.501,0:09:18.771
I said, "What do you do?"

0:09:18.795,0:09:20.779
And he said, "I'm a fireman."

0:09:21.881,0:09:23.976
I asked, "How long[br]have you been a fireman?"

0:09:24.000,0:09:26.317
"Always. I've always been a fireman."

0:09:26.950,0:09:29.307
"Well, when did you decide?"[br]He said, "As a kid.

0:09:29.331,0:09:31.427
Actually, it was[br]a problem for me at school,

0:09:31.451,0:09:33.977
because at school,[br]everybody wanted to be a fireman."

0:09:34.001,0:09:35.015
(Laughter)

0:09:35.039,0:09:36.976
He said, "But I wanted to be a fireman."

0:09:37.752,0:09:40.541
And he said, "When I got[br]to the senior year of school,

0:09:40.565,0:09:42.976
my teachers didn't take it seriously.

0:09:43.000,0:09:45.252
This one teacher didn't take it seriously.

0:09:45.276,0:09:47.323
He said I was throwing my life away

0:09:47.347,0:09:49.363
if that's all I chose to do with it;

0:09:49.387,0:09:52.693
that I should go to college, I should[br]become a professional person,

0:09:52.717,0:09:53.976
that I had great potential

0:09:54.000,0:09:56.130
and I was wasting my talent to do that."

0:09:56.154,0:09:57.568
He said, "It was humiliating.

0:09:57.592,0:10:00.178
It was in front of the whole class[br]and I felt dreadful.

0:10:00.202,0:10:02.709
But it's what I wanted,[br]and as soon as I left school,

0:10:02.733,0:10:05.031
I applied to the fire service[br]and I was accepted.

0:10:05.055,0:10:07.341
You know, I was thinking[br]about that guy recently,

0:10:07.365,0:10:10.556
just a few minutes ago when you[br]were speaking, about this teacher,

0:10:10.580,0:10:13.414
because six months ago, I saved his life."

0:10:13.833,0:10:17.045
(Laughter)

0:10:17.069,0:10:21.428
He said, "He was in a car wreck,[br]and I pulled him out, gave him CPR,

0:10:21.452,0:10:23.301
and I saved his wife's life as well."

0:10:24.000,0:10:26.191
He said, "I think he thinks[br]better of me now."

0:10:26.215,0:10:27.976
(Laughter)

0:10:28.000,0:10:33.810
(Applause)

0:10:34.532,0:10:35.731
You know, to me,

0:10:35.755,0:10:39.976
human communities depend[br]upon a diversity of talent,

0:10:40.000,0:10:42.456
not a singular conception of ability.

0:10:42.928,0:10:44.905
And at the heart of our challenges --

0:10:44.929,0:10:47.570
(Applause)

0:10:47.594,0:10:48.976
At the heart of the challenge

0:10:49.000,0:10:52.971
is to reconstitute our sense of ability[br]and of intelligence.

0:10:53.330,0:10:55.703
This linearity thing is a problem.

0:10:56.154,0:10:58.976
When I arrived in L.A.[br]about nine years ago,

0:10:59.000,0:11:03.129
I came across a policy statement --

0:11:03.153,0:11:04.416
very well-intentioned --

0:11:04.440,0:11:06.898
which said, "College[br]begins in kindergarten."

0:11:08.864,0:11:10.054
No, it doesn't.

0:11:10.078,0:11:13.809
(Laughter)

0:11:14.571,0:11:15.631
It doesn't.

0:11:16.373,0:11:18.826
If we had time,[br]I could go into this, but we don't.

0:11:18.850,0:11:21.064
(Laughter)

0:11:21.088,0:11:23.564
Kindergarten begins in kindergarten.

0:11:23.588,0:11:25.898
(Laughter)

0:11:25.922,0:11:27.675
A friend of mine once said,

0:11:27.699,0:11:30.136
"A three year-old[br]is not half a six year-old."

0:11:30.160,0:11:31.976
(Laughter)

0:11:32.000,0:11:37.529
(Applause)

0:11:37.553,0:11:38.665
They're three.

0:11:38.689,0:11:40.689
But as we just heard in this last session,

0:11:40.713,0:11:43.976
there's such competition now[br]to get into kindergarten --

0:11:44.000,0:11:45.859
to get to the right kindergarten --

0:11:45.883,0:11:49.715
that people are being interviewed[br]for it at three.

0:11:51.839,0:11:53.913
Kids sitting in front[br]of unimpressed panels,

0:11:53.937,0:11:55.414
you know, with their resumes --

0:11:55.438,0:11:58.029
(Laughter)

0:11:58.053,0:12:00.327
Flicking through and saying,[br]"What, this is it?"

0:12:00.351,0:12:01.976
(Laughter)

0:12:02.000,0:12:05.319
(Applause)

0:12:05.343,0:12:08.299
"You've been around[br]for 36 months, and this is it?"

0:12:08.323,0:12:15.376
(Laughter)

0:12:15.400,0:12:17.154
"You've achieved nothing -- commit.

0:12:17.178,0:12:18.564
(Laughter)

0:12:18.588,0:12:21.389
Spent the first six months[br]breastfeeding, I can see."

0:12:21.413,0:12:24.072
(Laughter)

0:12:26.532,0:12:29.119
See, it's outrageous as a conception.

0:12:29.143,0:12:31.333
The other big issue is conformity.

0:12:31.357,0:12:34.976
We have built our education systems[br]on the model of fast food.

0:12:35.615,0:12:38.488
This is something Jamie Oliver[br]talked about the other day.

0:12:38.512,0:12:41.059
There are two models[br]of quality assurance in catering.

0:12:41.083,0:12:43.723
One is fast food,[br]where everything is standardized.

0:12:43.747,0:12:46.062
The other is like Zagat[br]and Michelin restaurants,

0:12:46.086,0:12:47.849
where everything is not standardized,

0:12:47.873,0:12:49.898
they're customized to local circumstances.

0:12:49.922,0:12:53.299
And we have sold ourselves[br]into a fast-food model of education,

0:12:53.323,0:12:56.398
and it's impoverishing[br]our spirit and our energies

0:12:56.422,0:12:59.243
as much as fast food is depleting[br]our physical bodies.

0:12:59.809,0:13:05.120
(Applause)

0:13:05.889,0:13:08.004
We have to recognize[br]a couple of things here.

0:13:08.028,0:13:10.376
One is that human talent[br]is tremendously diverse.

0:13:10.400,0:13:12.203
People have very different aptitudes.

0:13:12.227,0:13:15.976
I worked out recently[br]that I was given a guitar as a kid

0:13:16.000,0:13:18.976
at about the same time[br]that Eric Clapton got his first guitar.

0:13:19.000,0:13:20.604
(Laughter)

0:13:20.628,0:13:22.860
It worked out for Eric,[br]that's all I'm saying.

0:13:22.884,0:13:23.906
(Laughter)

0:13:23.930,0:13:25.017
In a way --

0:13:26.145,0:13:27.412
it did not for me.

0:13:27.436,0:13:29.977
I could not get this thing to work

0:13:30.001,0:13:32.533
no matter how often[br]or how hard I blew into it.

0:13:32.557,0:13:34.264
It just wouldn't work.

0:13:34.288,0:13:35.612
(Laughter)

0:13:37.898,0:13:39.279
But it's not only about that.

0:13:39.303,0:13:40.461
It's about passion.

0:13:41.151,0:13:44.058
Often, people are good at things[br]they don't really care for.

0:13:44.082,0:13:45.276
It's about passion,

0:13:45.300,0:13:47.976
and what excites[br]our spirit and our energy.

0:13:48.000,0:13:51.381
And if you're doing the thing[br]that you love to do, that you're good at,

0:13:51.405,0:13:53.675
time takes a different course entirely.

0:13:54.120,0:13:56.297
My wife's just finished writing a novel,

0:13:56.321,0:13:59.352
and I think it's a great book,

0:13:59.376,0:14:01.976
but she disappears for hours on end.

0:14:02.000,0:14:04.381
You know this, if you're doing[br]something you love,

0:14:04.405,0:14:06.290
an hour feels like five minutes.

0:14:06.943,0:14:09.991
If you're doing something[br]that doesn't resonate with your spirit,

0:14:10.015,0:14:11.606
five minutes feels like an hour.

0:14:11.630,0:14:14.314
And the reason so many people[br]are opting out of education

0:14:14.338,0:14:16.655
is because it doesn't feed their spirit,

0:14:16.679,0:14:19.457
it doesn't feed their energy[br]or their passion.

0:14:19.774,0:14:21.764
So I think we have to change metaphors.

0:14:22.303,0:14:25.834
We have to go from what is essentially[br]an industrial model of education,

0:14:25.858,0:14:27.659
a manufacturing model,

0:14:27.683,0:14:32.046
which is based on linearity[br]and conformity and batching people.

0:14:32.468,0:14:34.373
We have to move to a model

0:14:34.397,0:14:36.976
that is based more[br]on principles of agriculture.

0:14:37.000,0:14:38.263
We have to recognize

0:14:38.287,0:14:42.214
that human flourishing[br]is not a mechanical process;

0:14:42.238,0:14:44.167
it's an organic process.

0:14:44.191,0:14:47.777
And you cannot predict[br]the outcome of human development.

0:14:47.801,0:14:50.494
All you can do, like a farmer,[br]is create the conditions

0:14:50.518,0:14:52.691
under which they will begin to flourish.

0:14:53.279,0:14:56.540
So when we look at reforming[br]education and transforming it,

0:14:56.564,0:14:58.822
it isn't like cloning a system.

0:14:58.846,0:15:01.418
There are great ones,[br]like KIPP's; it's a great system.

0:15:01.442,0:15:03.281
There are many great models.

0:15:03.305,0:15:06.527
It's about customizing[br]to your circumstances

0:15:06.551,0:15:09.976
and personalizing education[br]to the people you're actually teaching.

0:15:10.628,0:15:13.701
And doing that, I think,[br]is the answer to the future

0:15:13.725,0:15:17.140
because it's not[br]about scaling a new solution;

0:15:17.164,0:15:19.481
it's about creating[br]a movement in education

0:15:19.505,0:15:21.976
in which people develop[br]their own solutions,

0:15:22.000,0:15:25.285
but with external support[br]based on a personalized curriculum.

0:15:25.309,0:15:26.976
Now in this room,

0:15:27.000,0:15:30.976
there are people who represent[br]extraordinary resources in business,

0:15:31.000,0:15:33.292
in multimedia, in the Internet.

0:15:33.316,0:15:34.976
These technologies,

0:15:35.000,0:15:37.766
combined with the extraordinary[br]talents of teachers,

0:15:37.790,0:15:41.643
provide an opportunity[br]to revolutionize education.

0:15:41.667,0:15:43.762
And I urge you to get involved in it

0:15:43.786,0:15:47.406
because it's vital, not just to ourselves,[br]but to the future of our children.

0:15:47.430,0:15:49.833
But we have to change[br]from the industrial model

0:15:49.857,0:15:51.508
to an agricultural model,

0:15:51.532,0:15:54.556
where each school can be[br]flourishing tomorrow.

0:15:54.580,0:15:56.428
That's where children experience life.

0:15:56.452,0:15:58.318
Or at home, if that's what they choose,

0:15:58.342,0:16:00.555
to be educated[br]with their families or friends.

0:16:00.579,0:16:04.730
There's been a lot of talk about dreams[br]over the course of these few days.

0:16:05.214,0:16:07.240
And I wanted to just very quickly --

0:16:07.264,0:16:10.169
I was very struck[br]by Natalie Merchant's songs last night,

0:16:10.193,0:16:11.478
recovering old poems.

0:16:12.208,0:16:14.344
I wanted to read you[br]a quick, very short poem

0:16:14.368,0:16:16.458
from W. B. Yeats,[br]who some of you may know.

0:16:17.000,0:16:20.869
He wrote this to his love, Maud Gonne,

0:16:20.893,0:16:23.774
and he was bewailing the fact

0:16:23.798,0:16:27.048
that he couldn't really give her[br]what he thought she wanted from him.

0:16:27.072,0:16:30.468
And he says, "I've got something else,[br]but it may not be for you."

0:16:30.492,0:16:31.634
He says this:

0:16:32.508,0:16:35.380
"Had I the heavens' embroidered cloths,

0:16:35.404,0:16:38.277
Enwrought with gold and silver light,

0:16:39.372,0:16:42.809
The blue and the dim and the dark cloths

0:16:42.833,0:16:45.760
Of night and light and the half-light,

0:16:46.902,0:16:49.047
I would spread the cloths under your feet:

0:16:50.054,0:16:54.028
But I, being poor, have only my dreams;

0:16:54.896,0:16:57.480
I have spread my dreams under your feet;

0:16:58.749,0:16:59.757
Tread softly

0:17:00.401,0:17:02.161
because you tread on my dreams."

0:17:02.857,0:17:05.641
And every day, everywhere,

0:17:05.665,0:17:08.854
our children spread[br]their dreams beneath our feet.

0:17:09.680,0:17:11.024
And we should tread softly.

0:17:12.189,0:17:13.262
Thank you.

0:17:13.286,0:17:16.920
(Applause)

0:17:16.944,0:17:18.323
Thank you very much.

0:17:18.347,0:17:22.365
(Applause)

0:17:22.389,0:17:23.404
Thank you.

0:17:23.428,0:17:26.428
(Applause)