1 00:00:11,501 --> 00:00:16,283 I'm such an unlikely crusader for cleaning up the food supply. 2 00:00:16,285 --> 00:00:18,808 I grew up in Texas, 3 00:00:18,809 --> 00:00:22,390 eating my fair share of Doritos and Ding Dongs. 4 00:00:22,391 --> 00:00:23,963 (Laughter) 5 00:00:23,964 --> 00:00:25,778 I wasn't a foodie. 6 00:00:25,779 --> 00:00:29,158 What I was, was the oldest of four kids and like you often hear about, 7 00:00:29,159 --> 00:00:34,475 I inherited absolutely every single one of those Type A overachieving genes 8 00:00:34,476 --> 00:00:37,495 that you read about in first born children. 9 00:00:37,496 --> 00:00:40,637 Thankfully, I learned how to channel that into academics, 10 00:00:40,638 --> 00:00:43,278 and I received a full scholarship to business school 11 00:00:43,279 --> 00:00:46,590 before graduating as the top one in my class. 12 00:00:46,591 --> 00:00:50,693 I then went on to work as a food industry analyst 13 00:00:50,694 --> 00:00:54,219 and when the management teams of places like Whole Foods and Wild Oats 14 00:00:54,220 --> 00:00:57,485 would come to our offices, we just kind of thought it was 15 00:00:57,486 --> 00:01:01,790 "lifestyle of the rich and famous" or some hippie thing. 16 00:01:01,791 --> 00:01:04,275 We didn't really get it. 17 00:01:04,277 --> 00:01:08,297 After doing that for a while, my husband and I decided to have kids, 18 00:01:08,298 --> 00:01:11,232 so I traded the brief case for a diaper bag. 19 00:01:11,233 --> 00:01:13,804 Using all of that Type A energy, 20 00:01:13,805 --> 00:01:15,844 I had four kids 21 00:01:15,845 --> 00:01:17,737 in just over five years. 22 00:01:17,738 --> 00:01:19,807 (Laughter) 23 00:01:21,237 --> 00:01:24,429 Up until that point, I really hadn't given a whole lot of thought 24 00:01:24,430 --> 00:01:27,100 about what was in the food supply. 25 00:01:27,101 --> 00:01:30,371 I figured if it was on grocery store shelves, it was safe. 26 00:01:30,372 --> 00:01:32,213 Please don't tell me what to eat, 27 00:01:32,214 --> 00:01:35,811 and don't tell me what to feed my kids. 28 00:01:36,801 --> 00:01:41,552 Then one morning, over breakfast, life changed. 29 00:01:42,522 --> 00:01:44,497 And in all candor, that morning, 30 00:01:44,497 --> 00:01:47,702 that breakfast was L'Eggo My Eggo waffles, 31 00:01:47,703 --> 00:01:50,699 tubes of blue yoghurt, and scrambled eggs. 32 00:01:52,489 --> 00:01:56,697 Our youngest child started to have an allergic reaction. 33 00:01:56,698 --> 00:01:59,490 As her face started to swell shut, 34 00:01:59,491 --> 00:02:02,628 I was so unfamiliar with what a food allergy actually looked like, 35 00:02:02,629 --> 00:02:07,026 that I looked at my older three and said, "What did you put in her face?" 36 00:02:08,515 --> 00:02:12,954 They all gave me those blank little kid stares. 37 00:02:12,955 --> 00:02:14,786 And I got really scared. 38 00:02:14,787 --> 00:02:17,550 So I raced her to the paediatrician's office and she said, 39 00:02:17,551 --> 00:02:19,887 "Robyn, what did you feed the kids for breakfast? 40 00:02:19,888 --> 00:02:22,376 It looks like she is having this allergic reaction." 41 00:02:22,377 --> 00:02:26,109 I said,"I fed them L'Eggo My Eggo waffles, blue yoghurt, and scrambled eggs." 42 00:02:26,110 --> 00:02:29,182 And she says, "Well, those are three of the top beta allergens", 43 00:02:29,183 --> 00:02:33,573 and she starts rattling off all of these statistics about food allergies, 44 00:02:33,574 --> 00:02:36,057 and how food could kill a kid. 45 00:02:37,327 --> 00:02:40,685 All I could think was, since when? 46 00:02:40,686 --> 00:02:44,054 Since when has food become so dangerous? 47 00:02:45,104 --> 00:02:47,674 As we got everything under control, we got back home, 48 00:02:47,675 --> 00:02:50,158 and I put all the kids down for a nap, 49 00:02:50,159 --> 00:02:54,792 every single analytical gene in my body went off. 50 00:02:54,793 --> 00:02:57,747 I wanted to dig into that data. 51 00:02:57,748 --> 00:03:03,077 Because I hadn't known anybody that had a food allergy when I was a kid. 52 00:03:03,078 --> 00:03:06,838 As I turned to the research, I learned that morning: 53 00:03:06,839 --> 00:03:12,217 from 1997 until 2002, there had been a doubling of the peanut allergy. 54 00:03:12,218 --> 00:03:15,168 I also learned that one out of 17 kids under the age of three 55 00:03:15,169 --> 00:03:17,103 now has a food allergy. 56 00:03:17,104 --> 00:03:19,539 Then I learned from the Centers for Disease Control 57 00:03:19,540 --> 00:03:22,900 that there had been a 265% increase 58 00:03:22,918 --> 00:03:27,963 in the rate of hospitalization related to food allergic reactions. 59 00:03:27,964 --> 00:03:33,701 That was doctors checking people into ER, that wasn't moms diagnosing it. 60 00:03:33,702 --> 00:03:36,962 So I wanted to know, what is a food allergy? 61 00:03:38,272 --> 00:03:43,640 A food allergy is when your body sees food proteins as foreign. 62 00:03:43,641 --> 00:03:46,496 It basically launches this inflammatory response 63 00:03:46,497 --> 00:03:50,053 to drive out that foreign invader. 64 00:03:50,054 --> 00:03:52,499 It just begged the question to me: 65 00:03:52,500 --> 00:03:57,449 Is there something foreign in our food that wasn't there when we were kids? 66 00:03:59,469 --> 00:04:03,308 Again, I turned to the data and I'd heard from the Wall Street Journal and CNN 67 00:04:03,309 --> 00:04:07,064 that milk allergy is the most common allergy here in the US. 68 00:04:08,494 --> 00:04:11,987 I learned from the US Department of Agriculture 69 00:04:11,988 --> 00:04:14,451 that beginning in the 1990s, 70 00:04:14,452 --> 00:04:19,747 we began to engineer new proteins into our food supply. 71 00:04:19,748 --> 00:04:22,678 And it started in our milk. 72 00:04:22,679 --> 00:04:27,390 In 1994, in order to drive profitability for the dairy industry, 73 00:04:27,391 --> 00:04:29,475 scientists, using this new technology, 74 00:04:29,476 --> 00:04:32,000 were able to genetically engineer new proteins. 75 00:04:32,001 --> 00:04:35,606 It was a synthetic growth hormone. and it's injected into dairy cows, 76 00:04:35,607 --> 00:04:37,690 and it helps them make more milk. 77 00:04:37,691 --> 00:04:40,496 Now, the analyst in me, that made absolutely perfect sense, 78 00:04:40,497 --> 00:04:42,254 it was a brilliant business model 79 00:04:42,255 --> 00:04:45,437 that could help drive profitability for the dairy industry. 80 00:04:46,587 --> 00:04:52,564 But at the same time, no human trials had ever been conducted on that. 81 00:04:54,134 --> 00:04:58,328 Animal studies were showing that it increased rates of mastitis, 82 00:04:58,329 --> 00:05:03,967 ovarian cysts, lameness, skin disorders that resulted 83 00:05:03,968 --> 00:05:07,349 in an increased antibiotic use. 84 00:05:07,350 --> 00:05:12,853 For that reason, governments around the world said, 85 00:05:12,854 --> 00:05:15,225 "This hasn't yet been proven safe." 86 00:05:15,226 --> 00:05:19,923 So Canada, the UK, Australia, New Zealand, 87 00:05:19,924 --> 00:05:24,394 Japan, all 27 countries in Europe, 88 00:05:24,416 --> 00:05:27,666 they didn't allow it into their food supply. 89 00:05:27,667 --> 00:05:31,152 On top of that, studies started to come out that showed 90 00:05:31,153 --> 00:05:35,743 that this synthetic growth hormone, elevated hormone levels 91 00:05:35,744 --> 00:05:40,086 that were linked to breast, prostate, and colon cancer. 92 00:05:41,376 --> 00:05:44,956 When I learned that, I wanted to know: 93 00:05:46,196 --> 00:05:48,792 what are the rates of cancer here in the US 94 00:05:48,793 --> 00:05:54,124 versus these other countries that didn't accept this growth hormone? 95 00:05:54,125 --> 00:05:56,542 So I turned to incredible organizations 96 00:05:56,543 --> 00:05:59,834 like the American Cancer Society and Livestrong. 97 00:06:00,986 --> 00:06:05,322 I learned that the US has one of the highest rates of cancer 98 00:06:05,323 --> 00:06:08,399 of any country on the planet. 99 00:06:08,400 --> 00:06:11,272 And that migration studies show that if you were to move here 100 00:06:11,273 --> 00:06:12,860 from somewhere like Japan, 101 00:06:12,861 --> 00:06:16,130 your likelihood of developing cancer increases fourfold. 102 00:06:17,250 --> 00:06:20,781 I also learned that one out of two men and one out of three American women 103 00:06:20,782 --> 00:06:25,275 are expected to get cancer in their lifetime. 104 00:06:25,276 --> 00:06:29,612 I then went on to learn from the Centers for Disease Control 105 00:06:29,613 --> 00:06:34,924 that cancer is the leading cause of death by disease 106 00:06:34,925 --> 00:06:38,303 for children under the age of 15. 107 00:06:40,243 --> 00:06:42,580 Correlation isn't causation. 108 00:06:43,860 --> 00:06:47,541 So I wanted to look at some of these other allergens. 109 00:06:47,542 --> 00:06:49,341 I turned to soy because I had learned 110 00:06:49,342 --> 00:06:54,055 that soy had recently become one of the top eight allergens. 111 00:06:54,056 --> 00:06:58,985 According to the US Department of Agriculture, in 1996, 112 00:06:58,986 --> 00:07:01,581 in order to drive profitability for the soy industry, 113 00:07:01,582 --> 00:07:05,446 because it's primarily used to fed livestock, 114 00:07:05,447 --> 00:07:08,789 a new protein was introduced into the soy bean. 115 00:07:08,790 --> 00:07:12,463 Again, as an analyst, it made perfect sense. 116 00:07:12,464 --> 00:07:14,410 The soy bean was engineered 117 00:07:14,411 --> 00:07:18,599 to withstand increasing doses of wheat killer. 118 00:07:18,600 --> 00:07:23,864 So it drove profitability for the industry by increasing sales with that wheat killer 119 00:07:23,865 --> 00:07:28,988 and then on top of that, you were patenting something new in that protein 120 00:07:28,989 --> 00:07:32,393 that you could then license, and charge royalty fees, 121 00:07:32,394 --> 00:07:35,831 and trade fees, and licensing fees for. 122 00:07:37,681 --> 00:07:42,568 And again, because no human trials had been conducted, 123 00:07:42,569 --> 00:07:45,947 and the one human trial that had been conducted 124 00:07:45,948 --> 00:07:50,913 showed a 50% increase in the rate of soy allergies, 125 00:07:50,914 --> 00:07:53,214 governments around the world said, 126 00:07:53,215 --> 00:07:55,540 "We're going to exercise precaution. 127 00:07:55,541 --> 00:07:58,490 We're not going to allow this into our food supply 128 00:07:58,491 --> 00:08:01,729 because it hasn't yet been proven safe." 129 00:08:01,730 --> 00:08:06,349 And yet, here we said, "It hasn't yet been proven dangerous." 130 00:08:06,350 --> 00:08:08,493 And we allowed it. 131 00:08:09,923 --> 00:08:12,661 As I kept looking, I wanted to know: 132 00:08:12,662 --> 00:08:16,670 Were there other new proteins in our food? 133 00:08:16,671 --> 00:08:18,617 I learned that a few years later, 134 00:08:18,618 --> 00:08:20,327 through the growing concern 135 00:08:20,328 --> 00:08:22,828 of the spraying of insecticides over corn fields, 136 00:08:22,829 --> 00:08:25,828 scientists using this new technology 137 00:08:25,829 --> 00:08:31,288 were able to engineer that insecticidal protein into the seed of a corn plant. 138 00:08:31,289 --> 00:08:35,529 So that as it grows, it releases its own insecticide. 139 00:08:37,419 --> 00:08:39,881 Again, because no human studies had been done, 140 00:08:39,881 --> 00:08:41,777 governments around the world said, 141 00:08:42,886 --> 00:08:45,905 "We're not going to introduce this into our food supply. 142 00:08:45,918 --> 00:08:48,836 Or if we do, we are going to insist on labeling 143 00:08:48,837 --> 00:08:52,848 so that consumers can make an informed choice." 144 00:08:52,849 --> 00:08:56,288 In some countries, they didn't want it fed to their livestock. 145 00:08:56,289 --> 00:08:59,115 In some countries, like in France, in New Zealand, 146 00:08:59,116 --> 00:09:03,700 they were so concerned, they didn't want it planted in their soil. 147 00:09:05,970 --> 00:09:10,703 As you can imagine, upon learning all of this, 148 00:09:10,704 --> 00:09:14,589 there were some pretty dark nights in our house. 149 00:09:16,059 --> 00:09:22,094 When I thought, "How many bowls of cereal have I poured this milk on 150 00:09:22,095 --> 00:09:26,900 not knowing that it contained this synthetic growth hormone? 151 00:09:26,901 --> 00:09:31,633 How much of the soy have I fed my family 152 00:09:31,634 --> 00:09:34,907 not knowing that consumers in other countries 153 00:09:34,908 --> 00:09:37,867 were able to make an informed choice?" 154 00:09:39,347 --> 00:09:46,046 As I sat down with my husband, I said, "I cannot unlearn this information. 155 00:09:47,446 --> 00:09:52,487 I have to do everything I can to try to teach other people about this. 156 00:09:53,337 --> 00:09:56,282 I don't know what they will say." 157 00:09:57,992 --> 00:10:00,655 Together, the next morning, 158 00:10:00,656 --> 00:10:04,734 we sat the kids down at the breakfast table and I said, 159 00:10:05,974 --> 00:10:09,335 "You know how mom has learned some pretty tough stuff 160 00:10:09,336 --> 00:10:11,974 about what's going on in our food? 161 00:10:11,975 --> 00:10:14,867 It's not in food in other countries, 162 00:10:14,868 --> 00:10:18,273 and it's especially not in food fed to kids. 163 00:10:20,193 --> 00:10:23,090 I'm going to have to do something about it." 164 00:10:24,280 --> 00:10:27,357 One of the boys looked at me, and he said, 165 00:10:27,358 --> 00:10:31,695 "Mom, how many people are on your team?" 166 00:10:32,795 --> 00:10:34,462 (Laughter) 167 00:10:35,742 --> 00:10:40,179 I said, "Well, it's you four. And daddy." 168 00:10:40,180 --> 00:10:41,732 (Laughter) 169 00:10:43,012 --> 00:10:46,190 And he said, "Mom, you need a bigger team." 170 00:10:46,191 --> 00:10:47,810 (Laughter) 171 00:10:48,990 --> 00:10:52,075 He was absolutely right. 172 00:10:52,083 --> 00:10:56,665 At that point, people were saying, "You should reach out to Erin Brockovich, 173 00:10:56,666 --> 00:10:59,480 you should really reach out to Erin Brockovich." 174 00:10:59,481 --> 00:11:02,512 All I kept thinking was, "Who am I? 175 00:11:02,513 --> 00:11:05,759 Who am I to reach out to Erin Brockovich?" 176 00:11:05,760 --> 00:11:07,033 But at the same time, 177 00:11:07,034 --> 00:11:10,092 I thought maybe if I could get through to somebody like that, 178 00:11:10,093 --> 00:11:13,092 we could start to create this change. 179 00:11:13,093 --> 00:11:18,347 Truly harnessing every single one of those Type A genes, 180 00:11:18,348 --> 00:11:23,470 I spent two weeks crafting a four sentence e-mail to Erin Brockovich. 181 00:11:23,471 --> 00:11:25,762 (Laughter) 182 00:11:26,892 --> 00:11:31,596 When I fired it off, I don't know if I ever really expected her to reply. 183 00:11:31,597 --> 00:11:34,532 But when she did, I suddenly thought, 184 00:11:34,533 --> 00:11:39,071 maybe one person really can make a difference. 185 00:11:40,351 --> 00:11:42,849 As I continued to look into this research 186 00:11:44,029 --> 00:11:48,012 and the research that was being presented by the industry 187 00:11:48,013 --> 00:11:52,354 about how we needed this new operating system on our food supply, 188 00:11:52,355 --> 00:11:55,341 that we needed these genetically engineered proteins, 189 00:11:55,342 --> 00:11:58,318 and all the chemicals that went with it, 190 00:11:58,319 --> 00:12:02,167 I realised that they had done an incredible job manufacturing demand 191 00:12:02,168 --> 00:12:04,269 by creating this fear of scarcity 192 00:12:04,270 --> 00:12:07,283 that we needed this technology to feed the world. 193 00:12:08,683 --> 00:12:12,933 But at the same time, the USDA was reporting 194 00:12:12,934 --> 00:12:18,712 that the US was throwing away 96 billion pounds of food, every year. 195 00:12:20,192 --> 00:12:26,233 27% of the food that we were producing wasn't even making it to our plates. 196 00:12:27,713 --> 00:12:31,286 So I realised while it was in the interest of industry 197 00:12:31,287 --> 00:12:36,293 to drive a need for increased production, this was also a distribution issue. 198 00:12:37,593 --> 00:12:41,043 On top of that, reports were coming out of the United Nations, 199 00:12:41,044 --> 00:12:43,683 they were saying that conventional agriculture, 200 00:12:43,684 --> 00:12:46,601 without the use of all these synthetic chemicals, 201 00:12:46,602 --> 00:12:51,259 was actually doing an incredible job of meeting this demand. 202 00:12:52,459 --> 00:12:57,843 As I stepped back from that I thought, "How can we eat this way here? 203 00:12:58,943 --> 00:13:00,869 Without all of these synthetic chemicals 204 00:13:00,870 --> 00:13:03,602 and without all of these newly introduced proteins 205 00:13:03,603 --> 00:13:06,748 for which no human trials had been conducted?" 206 00:13:06,749 --> 00:13:09,370 I kept coming back to organics. 207 00:13:09,371 --> 00:13:13,505 In all candor, it was driving me absolutely nuts 208 00:13:13,506 --> 00:13:17,031 because of the high price for those foods. 209 00:13:17,032 --> 00:13:20,171 So I looked into the business model there. 210 00:13:20,172 --> 00:13:25,142 I learned that as a national family, sitting down to our national dinner table, 211 00:13:25,143 --> 00:13:31,375 with our national budget, our resources are used to subsidize the growing of food 212 00:13:32,496 --> 00:13:37,877 with all of these genetically engineered proteins and all of these chemicals. 213 00:13:37,878 --> 00:13:42,480 And at the same time, the farmers that are growing things organically, 214 00:13:42,481 --> 00:13:45,992 which by law means without the use of these synthetic chemicals 215 00:13:45,993 --> 00:13:49,562 and without the use of these genetically engineered proteins, 216 00:13:49,563 --> 00:13:53,935 these guys are charged fees to prove that their stuff is safe. 217 00:13:53,936 --> 00:13:58,212 On top of that, they're charged fees to then label it, and then on top of that, 218 00:13:58,213 --> 00:14:01,972 they don't get the same crop insurance and marketing assistance programs 219 00:14:01,973 --> 00:14:05,289 that these guys get over here. 220 00:14:05,290 --> 00:14:10,850 So I reached out to these farmers that had adopted this new operating system. 221 00:14:10,851 --> 00:14:13,216 That's when I learned that the farmers 222 00:14:13,217 --> 00:14:17,095 that had been feeding our country for generations, 223 00:14:17,096 --> 00:14:21,621 are suddenly having to pay new costs with these new technologies 224 00:14:21,622 --> 00:14:25,828 because of the patents in those seeds, they can no longer store seeds 225 00:14:25,829 --> 00:14:29,988 as their grandfathers did and their great grandfathers did. 226 00:14:29,989 --> 00:14:34,227 But rather, they've got to license the use of that technology 227 00:14:34,228 --> 00:14:38,749 and pay royalty fees, and trade fees, and licensing fees 228 00:14:38,751 --> 00:14:43,085 for the privatization of these profits to these shareholders. 229 00:14:45,047 --> 00:14:50,409 As I reflected on the fact that the US was one of the few countries in the world 230 00:14:50,410 --> 00:14:54,651 to have so boldly adopted this new technology, 231 00:14:54,667 --> 00:14:57,959 and all of these chemicals that it was dependent upon, 232 00:14:57,960 --> 00:14:59,505 I wanted to know, 233 00:14:59,506 --> 00:15:04,247 "What are our rates of disease here versus the rest of the world?" 234 00:15:06,797 --> 00:15:10,027 I learned that the US spends more on health care 235 00:15:10,028 --> 00:15:13,494 than any other country on the planet. 236 00:15:13,495 --> 00:15:20,011 That 16 cents of every dollar we spend is spent managing disease. 237 00:15:21,911 --> 00:15:25,153 As an analyst, I reflected on that. and I thought, 238 00:15:26,383 --> 00:15:30,983 we can't drive our profitability towards our core competencies 239 00:15:30,984 --> 00:15:35,856 at the corporate level because we're busy managing disease. 240 00:15:36,846 --> 00:15:41,814 Our global competitiveness could very well be at stake. 241 00:15:44,204 --> 00:15:49,314 So as I stood in my kitchen, having learned all of this, 242 00:15:49,315 --> 00:15:54,350 looking in my cabinets and realizing that these synthetic ingredients 243 00:15:54,351 --> 00:15:59,376 and these genetically engineered proteins were in just about everything. 244 00:16:00,436 --> 00:16:03,558 I turned to the Grocery Manufacturers Association 245 00:16:04,558 --> 00:16:07,015 to learn how I could avoid them. 246 00:16:08,515 --> 00:16:11,821 I learned that 80% of our processed foods 247 00:16:11,822 --> 00:16:15,382 contain these genetically engineered ingredients. 248 00:16:15,383 --> 00:16:21,626 But at the same time, I learned that Kraft and Kellogg and Coca Cola 249 00:16:23,036 --> 00:16:27,587 aren't using them in the products that they formulate in other countries. 250 00:16:32,027 --> 00:16:35,549 When I first learned that, it was kind of depressing. 251 00:16:36,499 --> 00:16:38,234 But then I thought, 252 00:16:38,235 --> 00:16:41,544 We're not asking them to reinvent the wheel. 253 00:16:41,545 --> 00:16:47,992 We haven't called upon them together to exercise the same level of precaution 254 00:16:47,993 --> 00:16:52,318 and to either label these ingredients so that we can make an informed choice 255 00:16:52,319 --> 00:16:55,916 or remove them from the products that they sell here in the US, 256 00:16:55,917 --> 00:16:59,628 and place the same value on the lives of the American eaters 257 00:16:59,629 --> 00:17:03,949 that they've already placed on the lives of eaters in other countries. 258 00:17:05,519 --> 00:17:09,123 In all candor, that day, standing in the kitchen, 259 00:17:09,124 --> 00:17:12,065 we simply began to make changes 260 00:17:12,066 --> 00:17:15,935 by trying to eat a little bit less processed food. 261 00:17:16,815 --> 00:17:21,709 Because it wasn't about the perfect being the enemy of the good. 262 00:17:22,469 --> 00:17:25,929 It was about progress, not perfection. 263 00:17:27,459 --> 00:17:33,705 What I came to realise is that each and every single one of us 264 00:17:34,545 --> 00:17:38,287 has something that we're uniquely good at. 265 00:17:39,547 --> 00:17:44,167 When you leverage that with something that you're passionate about, 266 00:17:45,177 --> 00:17:51,451 it can serve as a rocket fuel to create extraordinary change. 267 00:17:52,811 --> 00:17:58,785 The bottom line is that our country was founded 268 00:17:58,786 --> 00:18:03,503 by courageous and creative entrepreneurs. 269 00:18:04,793 --> 00:18:10,338 So I invite you to lend your talent so that together, 270 00:18:10,339 --> 00:18:15,410 as a nation of 300 million Americans, 271 00:18:15,411 --> 00:18:19,340 can create the change that we want to see in the health of our families, 272 00:18:19,341 --> 00:18:22,855 in the health of our food system, and in the health of our country. 273 00:18:23,565 --> 00:18:24,772 Thank you. 274 00:18:24,773 --> 00:18:26,140 (Applause)