[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.91,0:00:08.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would you rather be bitten
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.19,0:00:11.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by a venomous snake or touch a poisonous frog?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.69,0:00:12.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wait, what's the difference
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.94,0:00:15.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between poison and venom, anyway?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.94,0:00:17.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's say you have the misfortune
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.19,0:00:19.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be bitten by a venomous rattlesnake.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.59,0:00:20.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When it bites you,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.47,0:00:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the snake will eject venom
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.64,0:00:22.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from little sacs behind its eyes,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.87,0:00:24.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through its hollow fangs and into your flesh.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.94,0:00:26.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That venom will then travel through your bloodstream
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.55,0:00:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all over your body.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.14,0:00:30.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In most cases, snake venom contains neurotoxins,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.64,0:00:32.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proteins that can do all sorts of nasty stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.73,0:00:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like make your muscles fire uncontrollably,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.44,0:00:37.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,burst your blood cells,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.07,0:00:38.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and make you go completely numb.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.77,0:00:40.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you might get lucky!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.07,0:00:41.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Snakes don't always decide
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.32,0:00:42.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're worth wasting venom on.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.52,0:00:44.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, between 20 and 80% of snake bites
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.36,0:00:46.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are so-called "dry bites,"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.11,0:00:47.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the snake is just trying
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.52,0:00:49.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to send a message without actually killing you.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.94,0:00:52.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see, venom takes energy and resources
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.11,0:00:53.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the snake to make,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.44,0:00:55.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they don't want to waste it on a warning shot.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.71,0:00:56.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When it comes to poison,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.96,0:00:58.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the other hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.21,0:00:59.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's no warning shot.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.51,0:01:01.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you pick up a poisonous dart frog
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.22,0:01:02.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to admire its beautiful colors,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.86,0:01:04.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've already gotten deadly poison
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.61,0:01:06.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all over your hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.89,0:01:08.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As it seeps into your skin
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.35,0:01:09.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and travels through your blood,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.36,0:01:11.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the poison starts to interfere with your nerves,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.39,0:01:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,preventing your muscles from contracting.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.61,0:01:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the frog's poison reaches your heart,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.52,0:01:18.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can cause it to stop.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.02,0:01:19.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The distinction between venom and poison
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.44,0:01:21.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is purely in the method of delivery.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.74,0:01:24.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Poison has to be inhaled, ingested, or absorbed.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.32,0:01:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Venom has to be injected into a wound.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.16,0:01:28.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chemically, venoms and poisons
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.78,0:01:30.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are both considered toxins,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.78,0:01:32.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so a snake bite is venomous.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.61,0:01:35.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A poison dart frog is poisonous.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.94,0:01:37.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brown recluse spiders are venomous.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.88,0:01:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lionfish and pufferfish are poisonous.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.86,0:01:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some compounds can be poisons in one animal
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.30,0:01:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and venoms in another.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.76,0:01:49.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tetrodotoxin, a chemical 10,000 times more toxic than cyanide,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.01,0:01:50.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is found in pufferfish,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.06,0:01:51.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where it makes them poisonous.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.52,0:01:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also found in the deadly blue-ringed octopus,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.02,0:01:56.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where it's a venom delivered by bite.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.35,0:01:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some animals can even be both poisonous and venomous.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.73,0:02:01.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take the Asian tiger snake, for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.73,0:02:03.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only does it have venom in its fangs
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.57,0:02:05.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it also absorbs the toxins
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.28,0:02:07.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the poisonous toads it eats,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.02,0:02:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then secretes those toxins
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.58,0:02:10.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from special glands on its neck,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.52,0:02:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rendering it poisonous, too.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.77,0:02:14.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scientists are constantly finding new animals
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.71,0:02:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that employ toxins in weird, interesting ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.00,0:02:18.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recently, researchers discovered
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.54,0:02:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the very first venomous crustacean.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.80,0:02:22.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Out of 70,000 species of crustaceans,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.80,0:02:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only this one little remipede is venomous.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.38,0:02:27.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Speleonectes tulumensis has figured out
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.47,0:02:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to create a cocktail of toxins
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.30,0:02:32.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it delivers through its tiny fangs.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.02,0:02:34.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scientists aren't totally sure how this venom works yet,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.11,0:02:36.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they think that it causes the unwitting victims' neurons
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.77,0:02:39.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to fire over and over and over again
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.48,0:02:41.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until it becomes paralyzed.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.15,0:02:42.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, the little remipede closes in,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.65,0:02:44.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dissolving away the exoskeleton of its prey
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.86,0:02:46.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sucking out the juices.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.78,0:02:49.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But poisons and venoms aren't always all bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.94,0:02:51.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For thousands of years, humans have looked for
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.44,0:02:54.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ways to harness the power of these toxic compounds for good.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.11,0:02:55.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, we have all sorts of medicines
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.91,0:02:57.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that come from toxins.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.50,0:03:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The poison from cone snails is used as a painkiller.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.13,0:03:01.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many poisonous plants have been used
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.75,0:03:04.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to treat everything from malaria to irregular heartbeats.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.55,0:03:06.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And scorpion venom might one day be used
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.42,0:03:08.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to treat heart disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.28,0:03:11.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what should you do if something bites or poisons you?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.39,0:03:13.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't try any of the things you've seen
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.11,0:03:14.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the internet or in movies!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.77,0:03:16.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't try to capture and kill the animal
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.52,0:03:17.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that bit you,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.69,0:03:20.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and don't use a tourniquet or knife on your wound.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.65,0:03:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most importantly, don't panic!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.86,0:03:26.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stay calm, and seek medical attention.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.82,0:03:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Treatment will mostly depend
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.07,0:03:29.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on what species you encountered.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.94,0:03:31.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you forget the distinction
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.41,0:03:32.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between poison and venom,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.94,0:03:34.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and tell the parademics
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.19,0:03:35.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you were poisoned by a viper,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.94,0:03:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'll probably forgive you and treat you anyway.