1
00:00:00,800 --> 00:00:04,176
So I've been "futuring,"
which is a term I made up --

2
00:00:04,200 --> 00:00:05,456
(Laughter)

3
00:00:05,480 --> 00:00:06,696
about three seconds ago.

4
00:00:06,720 --> 00:00:09,536
I've been futuring for about 20 years,

5
00:00:09,560 --> 00:00:12,896
and when I first started,
I would sit down with people,

6
00:00:12,920 --> 00:00:15,816
and say, "Hey,
let's talk 10, 20 years out."

7
00:00:15,840 --> 00:00:17,616
And they'd say, "Great."

8
00:00:17,640 --> 00:00:20,136
And I've been seeing that time horizon

9
00:00:20,160 --> 00:00:22,216
get shorter and shorter

10
00:00:22,240 --> 00:00:23,856
and shorter,

11
00:00:23,880 --> 00:00:27,256
so much so that I met
with a CEO two months ago

12
00:00:27,280 --> 00:00:29,656
and I said -- we started
our initial conversation.

13
00:00:29,680 --> 00:00:33,416
He goes, "I love what you do.
I want to talk about the next six months."

14
00:00:33,440 --> 00:00:35,040
(Laughter)

15
00:00:36,040 --> 00:00:39,176
We have a lot of problems
that we are facing.

16
00:00:39,200 --> 00:00:41,920
These are civilizational-scale problems.

17
00:00:43,520 --> 00:00:44,960
The issue though is,

18
00:00:45,600 --> 00:00:47,296
we can't solve them

19
00:00:47,320 --> 00:00:49,896
using the mental models
that we use right now

20
00:00:49,920 --> 00:00:51,496
to try and solve these problems.

21
00:00:51,520 --> 00:00:54,176
Yes, a lot of great
technical work is being done,

22
00:00:54,200 --> 00:00:59,576
but there is a problem that
we need to solve for a priori, before,

23
00:00:59,600 --> 00:01:02,400
if we want to really
move the needle on those big problems.

24
00:01:03,160 --> 00:01:04,896
"Short-termism."

25
00:01:04,920 --> 00:01:07,376
Right? There's no marches.
There's no bracelets.

26
00:01:07,400 --> 00:01:11,256
There's no petitions that you can sign
to be against short-termism.

27
00:01:11,280 --> 00:01:14,096
I tried to put one up, and no one signed.

28
00:01:14,120 --> 00:01:15,336
It was weird.

29
00:01:15,360 --> 00:01:16,560
(Laughter)

30
00:01:17,280 --> 00:01:20,296
But it prevents us from doing so much.

31
00:01:20,320 --> 00:01:23,016
Short-termism, for many reasons,

32
00:01:23,040 --> 00:01:25,936
has pervaded every
nook and cranny of our reality.

33
00:01:25,960 --> 00:01:27,536
I just want you to take a second

34
00:01:27,560 --> 00:01:31,376
and just think about an issue
that you're thinking, working on.

35
00:01:31,400 --> 00:01:33,376
It could be personal, it could be at work

36
00:01:33,400 --> 00:01:35,456
or it could be
move-the-needle world stuff,

37
00:01:35,480 --> 00:01:37,816
and think about
how far out you tend to think

38
00:01:37,840 --> 00:01:40,360
about the solution set for that.

39
00:01:41,920 --> 00:01:46,336
Because short-termism prevents the CEO

40
00:01:46,360 --> 00:01:49,000
from buying really
expensive safety equipment.

41
00:01:49,920 --> 00:01:51,896
It'll hurt the bottom line.

42
00:01:51,920 --> 00:01:53,720
So we get the Deepwater Horizon.

43
00:01:54,400 --> 00:01:57,136
Short-termism prevents teachers

44
00:01:57,160 --> 00:02:00,696
from spending quality
one-on-one time with their students.

45
00:02:00,720 --> 00:02:02,856
So right now in America,

46
00:02:02,880 --> 00:02:05,720
a high school student
drops out every 26 seconds.

47
00:02:07,360 --> 00:02:10,096
Short-termism prevents Congress --

48
00:02:10,120 --> 00:02:12,736
sorry if there's anyone
in here from Congress --

49
00:02:12,760 --> 00:02:14,296
(Laughter)

50
00:02:14,320 --> 00:02:16,376
or not really that sorry --

51
00:02:16,400 --> 00:02:18,616
(Laughter)

52
00:02:18,640 --> 00:02:21,816
from putting money
into a real infrastructure bill.

53
00:02:21,840 --> 00:02:24,456
So what we get
is the I-35W bridge collapse

54
00:02:24,480 --> 00:02:26,296
over the Mississippi a few years ago,

55
00:02:26,320 --> 00:02:27,520
13 killed.

56
00:02:28,760 --> 00:02:31,520
It wasn't always like this.
We did the Panama Canal.

57
00:02:32,600 --> 00:02:34,856
We pretty much
have eradicated global polio.

58
00:02:34,880 --> 00:02:37,680
We did the transcontinental railroad,
the Marshall Plan.

59
00:02:38,560 --> 00:02:42,360
And it's not just big, physical
infrastructure problems and issues.

60
00:02:42,920 --> 00:02:44,816
Women's suffrage, the right to vote.

61
00:02:44,840 --> 00:02:47,616
But in our short-termist time,

62
00:02:47,640 --> 00:02:50,136
where everything seems to happen right now

63
00:02:50,160 --> 00:02:54,656
and we can only think out
past the next tweet or timeline post,

64
00:02:54,680 --> 00:02:56,696
we get hyper-reactionary.

65
00:02:56,720 --> 00:02:58,000
So what do we do?

66
00:02:58,880 --> 00:03:02,136
We take people who are fleeing
their war-torn country,

67
00:03:02,160 --> 00:03:03,416
and we go after them.

68
00:03:03,440 --> 00:03:07,056
We take low-level drug offenders,
and we put them away for life.

69
00:03:07,080 --> 00:03:09,456
And then we build McMansions
without even thinking

70
00:03:09,480 --> 00:03:12,346
about how people are going
to get between them and their job.

71
00:03:12,370 --> 00:03:13,850
It's a quick buck.

72
00:03:14,760 --> 00:03:17,096
Now, the reality is,
for a lot of these problems,

73
00:03:17,120 --> 00:03:19,896
there are some technical fixes,

74
00:03:19,920 --> 00:03:21,136
a lot of them.

75
00:03:21,160 --> 00:03:24,696
I call these technical fixes
sandbag strategies.

76
00:03:24,720 --> 00:03:26,416
So you know there's a storm coming,

77
00:03:26,440 --> 00:03:29,176
the levee is broken,
no one's put any money into it,

78
00:03:29,200 --> 00:03:31,016
you surround your home with sandbags.

79
00:03:31,040 --> 00:03:32,840
And guess what? It works.

80
00:03:34,600 --> 00:03:36,616
Storm goes away,
the water level goes down,

81
00:03:36,640 --> 00:03:38,016
you get rid of the sandbags,

82
00:03:38,040 --> 00:03:40,560
and you do this storm
after storm after storm.

83
00:03:41,920 --> 00:03:43,400
And here's the insidious thing.

84
00:03:44,120 --> 00:03:46,016
A sandbag strategy

85
00:03:46,040 --> 00:03:47,240
can get you reelected.

86
00:03:48,320 --> 00:03:49,696
A sandbag strategy

87
00:03:49,720 --> 00:03:51,680
can help you make your quarterly numbers.

88
00:03:54,240 --> 00:03:57,216
Now, if we want to move forward

89
00:03:57,240 --> 00:04:00,016
into a different future
than the one we have right now,

90
00:04:00,040 --> 00:04:02,096
because I don't think we've hit --

91
00:04:02,120 --> 00:04:04,096
2016 is not peak civilization.

92
00:04:04,120 --> 00:04:05,456
(Laughter)

93
00:04:05,480 --> 00:04:07,256
There's some more we can do.

94
00:04:07,280 --> 00:04:11,896
But my argument is that unless we shift
our mental models and our mental maps

95
00:04:11,920 --> 00:04:14,256
on how we think about the short,

96
00:04:14,280 --> 00:04:15,976
it's not going to happen.

97
00:04:16,000 --> 00:04:18,976
So what I've developed
is something called "longpath,"

98
00:04:19,000 --> 00:04:20,736
and it's a practice.

99
00:04:20,760 --> 00:04:24,696
And longpath isn't
a kind of one-and-done exercise.

100
00:04:24,720 --> 00:04:27,416
I'm sure everyone here
at some point has done an off-site

101
00:04:27,440 --> 00:04:29,536
with a lot of Post-It notes
and whiteboards,

102
00:04:29,560 --> 00:04:32,456
and you do --

103
00:04:32,480 --> 00:04:34,936
no offense to the consultants
in here who do that --

104
00:04:34,960 --> 00:04:36,576
and you do a long-term plan,

105
00:04:36,600 --> 00:04:39,040
and then two weeks later,
everyone forgets about it.

106
00:04:40,640 --> 00:04:43,840
Right? Or a week later.
If you're lucky, three months.

107
00:04:44,840 --> 00:04:48,416
It's a practice because
it's not necessarily a thing that you do.

108
00:04:48,440 --> 00:04:52,216
It's a process where you have
to revisit different ways of thinking

109
00:04:52,240 --> 00:04:54,656
for every major decision
that you're working on.

110
00:04:54,680 --> 00:04:57,160
So I want to go through
those three ways of thinking.

111
00:04:57,960 --> 00:05:00,520
So the first: transgenerational thinking.

112
00:05:01,360 --> 00:05:03,576
I love the philosophers:

113
00:05:03,600 --> 00:05:05,416
Plato, Socrates, Habermas, Heidegger.

114
00:05:05,440 --> 00:05:06,640
I was raised on them.

115
00:05:08,040 --> 00:05:09,976
But they all did one thing

116
00:05:10,000 --> 00:05:11,976
that didn't actually seem like a big deal

117
00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:14,336
until I really started
kind of looking into this.

118
00:05:14,360 --> 00:05:16,176
And they all took,

119
00:05:16,200 --> 00:05:19,096
as a unit of measure
for their entire reality

120
00:05:19,120 --> 00:05:21,073
of what it meant to be virtuous and good,

121
00:05:21,880 --> 00:05:23,080
the single lifespan,

122
00:05:23,960 --> 00:05:25,160
from birth to death.

123
00:05:25,640 --> 00:05:27,696
But here's a problem with these issues:

124
00:05:27,720 --> 00:05:29,136
they stack up on top of us,

125
00:05:29,160 --> 00:05:32,296
because the only way we know
how to do something good in the world

126
00:05:32,320 --> 00:05:34,536
is if we do it between
our birth and our death.

127
00:05:34,560 --> 00:05:36,256
That's what we're programmed to do.

128
00:05:36,280 --> 00:05:38,736
If you go to the self-help section
in any bookstore,

129
00:05:38,760 --> 00:05:40,000
it's all about you.

130
00:05:41,400 --> 00:05:43,256
Which is great,

131
00:05:43,280 --> 00:05:46,200
unless you're dealing
with some of these major issues.

132
00:05:47,960 --> 00:05:50,400
And so with transgenerational thinking,

133
00:05:51,280 --> 00:05:53,936
which is really kind of
transgenerational ethics,

134
00:05:53,960 --> 00:05:57,576
you're able to expand
how you think about these problems,

135
00:05:57,600 --> 00:06:00,360
what is your role
in helping to solve them.

136
00:06:01,720 --> 00:06:05,880
Now, this isn't something that just has to
be done at the Security Council chamber.

137
00:06:06,480 --> 00:06:09,736
It's something that you can do
in a very kind of personal way.

138
00:06:09,760 --> 00:06:14,176
So every once in a while, if I'm lucky,
my wife and I like to go out to dinner,

139
00:06:14,200 --> 00:06:17,456
and we have three children
under the age of seven.

140
00:06:17,480 --> 00:06:19,909
So you can imagine
it's a very peaceful, quiet meal.

141
00:06:19,933 --> 00:06:21,136
(Laughter)

142
00:06:21,160 --> 00:06:26,736
So we sit down and literally
all I want to do is just eat and chill,

143
00:06:26,760 --> 00:06:29,416
and my kids have a completely
and totally different idea

144
00:06:29,440 --> 00:06:31,016
of what we're going to be doing.

145
00:06:31,040 --> 00:06:33,376
And so my first idea

146
00:06:33,400 --> 00:06:35,296
is my sandbag strategy, right?

147
00:06:35,320 --> 00:06:37,656
It's to go into my pocket
and take out the iPhone

148
00:06:37,680 --> 00:06:39,136
and give them "Frozen"

149
00:06:39,160 --> 00:06:42,120
or some other bestselling game thing.

150
00:06:43,240 --> 00:06:46,936
And then I stop

151
00:06:46,960 --> 00:06:51,536
and I have to kind of put on
this transgenerational thinking cap.

152
00:06:51,560 --> 00:06:54,536
I don't do this in the restaurant,
because it would be bizarre,

153
00:06:54,560 --> 00:06:55,856
but I have to --

154
00:06:55,880 --> 00:06:58,496
I did it once, and that's how
I learned it was bizarre.

155
00:06:58,520 --> 00:06:59,536
(Laughter)

156
00:06:59,560 --> 00:07:03,680
And you have to kind of think,
"OK, I can do this."

157
00:07:04,440 --> 00:07:06,160
But what is this teaching them?

158
00:07:07,480 --> 00:07:10,096
So what does it mean
if I actually bring some paper

159
00:07:10,120 --> 00:07:11,856
or engage with them in conversation?

160
00:07:11,880 --> 00:07:14,736
It's hard. It's not easy,
and I'm making this very personal.

161
00:07:14,760 --> 00:07:16,136
It's actually more traumatic

162
00:07:16,160 --> 00:07:18,896
than some of the big issues
that I work on in the world --

163
00:07:18,920 --> 00:07:20,760
entertaining my kids at dinner.

164
00:07:21,560 --> 00:07:24,696
But what it does is it connects them
here in the present with me,

165
00:07:24,720 --> 00:07:25,976
but it also --

166
00:07:26,000 --> 00:07:29,456
and this is the crux
of transgenerational thinking ethics --

167
00:07:29,480 --> 00:07:32,776
it sets them up to how they're
going to interact with their kids

168
00:07:32,800 --> 00:07:34,880
and their kids and their kids.

169
00:07:36,360 --> 00:07:38,040
Second, futures thinking.

170
00:07:38,680 --> 00:07:40,656
When we think about the future,

171
00:07:40,680 --> 00:07:41,920
10, 15 years out,

172
00:07:42,920 --> 00:07:44,778
give me a vision of what the future is.

173
00:07:46,000 --> 00:07:48,656
You don't have to give it to me,
but think in your head.

174
00:07:48,680 --> 00:07:50,816
And what you're probably going to see

175
00:07:50,840 --> 00:07:52,656
is the dominant cultural lens

176
00:07:52,680 --> 00:07:55,736
that dominates our thinking
about the future right now:

177
00:07:55,760 --> 00:07:56,960
technology.

178
00:07:57,840 --> 00:07:59,576
So when we think about the problems,

179
00:07:59,600 --> 00:08:01,776
we always put it through
a technological lens,

180
00:08:01,800 --> 00:08:05,056
a tech-centric, a techno-utopia,
and there's nothing wrong with that,

181
00:08:05,080 --> 00:08:08,376
but it's something that we have to
really think deeply about

182
00:08:08,400 --> 00:08:11,256
if we're going to move
on these major issues,

183
00:08:11,280 --> 00:08:13,336
because it wasn't always like this. Right?

184
00:08:13,360 --> 00:08:16,000
The ancients had their way of thinking

185
00:08:16,840 --> 00:08:18,360
about what the future was.

186
00:08:19,640 --> 00:08:24,536
The Church definitely had their idea
of what the future could be,

187
00:08:24,560 --> 00:08:27,496
and you could actually pay your way
into that future. Right?

188
00:08:27,520 --> 00:08:29,456
And luckily for humanity,

189
00:08:29,480 --> 00:08:31,616
we got the scientific revolution.

190
00:08:31,640 --> 00:08:33,296
From there, we got the technology,

191
00:08:33,320 --> 00:08:34,976
but what has happened --

192
00:08:35,000 --> 00:08:37,360
And by the way, this is not a critique.

193
00:08:38,320 --> 00:08:40,696
I love technology.

194
00:08:40,720 --> 00:08:42,655
Everything in my house talks back to me,

195
00:08:42,679 --> 00:08:44,856
from my children
to my speakers to everything.

196
00:08:44,880 --> 00:08:47,696
(Laughter)

197
00:08:47,720 --> 00:08:53,416
But we've abdicated the future
from the high priests in Rome

198
00:08:53,440 --> 00:08:56,520
to the high priests of Silicon Valley.

199
00:08:57,880 --> 00:09:01,216
So when we think, well,
how are we going to deal with climate

200
00:09:01,240 --> 00:09:02,816
or with poverty or homelessness,

201
00:09:02,840 --> 00:09:05,960
our first reaction is to think about it
through a technology lens.

202
00:09:07,080 --> 00:09:11,696
And look, I'm not advocating
that we go to this guy.

203
00:09:11,720 --> 00:09:13,640
I love Joel, don't get me wrong,

204
00:09:14,400 --> 00:09:16,056
but I'm not saying we go to Joel.

205
00:09:16,080 --> 00:09:17,896
What I'm saying is we have to rethink

206
00:09:17,920 --> 00:09:22,696
our base assumption about
only looking at the future in one way,

207
00:09:22,720 --> 00:09:24,856
only looking at it
through the dominant lens.

208
00:09:24,880 --> 00:09:27,056
Because our problems
are so big and so vast

209
00:09:27,080 --> 00:09:29,896
that we need to open ourselves up.

210
00:09:29,920 --> 00:09:33,640
So that's why I do everything in my power
not to talk about the future.

211
00:09:34,320 --> 00:09:36,040
I talk about futures.

212
00:09:36,920 --> 00:09:38,656
It opens the conversation again.

213
00:09:38,680 --> 00:09:41,136
So when you're sitting and thinking

214
00:09:41,160 --> 00:09:44,336
about how do we move forward
on this major issue --

215
00:09:44,360 --> 00:09:45,896
it could be at home,

216
00:09:45,920 --> 00:09:47,896
it could be at work,

217
00:09:47,920 --> 00:09:50,776
it could be again on the global stage --

218
00:09:50,800 --> 00:09:55,216
don't cut yourself off from thinking
about something beyond technology as a fix

219
00:09:55,240 --> 00:09:58,776
because we're more concerned
about technological evolution right now

220
00:09:58,800 --> 00:10:00,936
than we are about moral evolution.

221
00:10:00,960 --> 00:10:02,976
And unless we fix for that,

222
00:10:03,000 --> 00:10:05,576
we're not going to be able
to get out of short-termism

223
00:10:05,600 --> 00:10:07,416
and get to where we want to be.

224
00:10:07,440 --> 00:10:10,200
The final, telos thinking.
This comes from the Greek root.

225
00:10:10,680 --> 00:10:12,936
Ultimate aim and ultimate purpose.

226
00:10:12,960 --> 00:10:15,320
And it's really asking one question:

227
00:10:16,120 --> 00:10:17,320
to what end?

228
00:10:18,280 --> 00:10:21,296
When was the last time
you asked yourself: To what end?

229
00:10:21,320 --> 00:10:25,120
And when you asked yourself that,
how far out did you go?

230
00:10:25,640 --> 00:10:28,640
Because long isn't long enough anymore.

231
00:10:29,560 --> 00:10:31,456
Three, five years doesn't cut it.

232
00:10:31,480 --> 00:10:33,760
It's 30, 40, 50, 100 years.

233
00:10:34,800 --> 00:10:37,016
In Homer's epic, "The Odyssey,"

234
00:10:37,040 --> 00:10:40,096
Odysseus had the answer to his "what end."

235
00:10:40,120 --> 00:10:41,520
It was Ithaca.

236
00:10:41,880 --> 00:10:43,976
It was this bold vision
of what he wanted --

237
00:10:44,000 --> 00:10:45,376
to return to Penelope.

238
00:10:45,400 --> 00:10:48,016
And I can tell you,
because of the work that I'm doing,

239
00:10:48,040 --> 00:10:50,896
but also you know it intuitively --
we have lost our Ithaca.

240
00:10:50,920 --> 00:10:54,456
We have lost our "to what end,"
so we stay on this hamster wheel.

241
00:10:54,480 --> 00:10:56,656
And yes, we're trying
to solve these problems,

242
00:10:56,680 --> 00:10:59,520
but what comes after we solve the problem?

243
00:11:00,160 --> 00:11:03,400
And unless you define what comes after,
people aren't going to move.

244
00:11:04,400 --> 00:11:06,816
The businesses --
this isn't just about business --

245
00:11:06,840 --> 00:11:10,176
but the businesses that do consistently,
who break out of short-termism

246
00:11:10,200 --> 00:11:12,216
not surprisingly
are family-run businesses.

247
00:11:12,240 --> 00:11:15,816
They're transgenerational. They're telos.
They think about the futures.

248
00:11:15,840 --> 00:11:19,536
And this is an ad for Patek Philippe.
They're 175 years old,

249
00:11:19,560 --> 00:11:22,616
and what's amazing
is that they literally embody

250
00:11:22,640 --> 00:11:25,456
this kind of longpathian sense
in their brand,

251
00:11:25,480 --> 00:11:28,376
because, by the way,
you never actually own a Patek Philippe,

252
00:11:28,400 --> 00:11:29,976
and I definitely won't --

253
00:11:30,000 --> 00:11:31,016
(Laughter)

254
00:11:31,040 --> 00:11:34,040
unless somebody wants to just
throw 25,000 dollars on the stage.

255
00:11:34,064 --> 00:11:37,264
You merely look after it
for the next generation.

256
00:11:38,840 --> 00:11:41,296
So it's important that we remember,

257
00:11:41,320 --> 00:11:44,456
the future, we treat it like a noun.

258
00:11:44,480 --> 00:11:46,736
It's not. It's a verb.

259
00:11:46,760 --> 00:11:48,016
It requires action.

260
00:11:48,040 --> 00:11:49,856
It requires us to push into it.

261
00:11:49,880 --> 00:11:51,816
It's not this thing that washes over us.

262
00:11:51,840 --> 00:11:54,496
It's something that we
actually have total control over.

263
00:11:54,520 --> 00:11:57,416
But in a short-term society,
we end up feeling like we don't.

264
00:11:57,440 --> 00:11:58,776
We feel like we're trapped.

265
00:11:58,800 --> 00:12:00,000
We can push through that.

266
00:12:02,000 --> 00:12:04,440
Now I'm getting more comfortable

267
00:12:05,200 --> 00:12:07,440
in the fact that at some point

268
00:12:08,360 --> 00:12:09,640
in the inevitable future,

269
00:12:11,000 --> 00:12:12,200
I will die.

270
00:12:13,240 --> 00:12:17,336
But because of these new ways
of thinking and doing,

271
00:12:17,360 --> 00:12:21,296
both in the outside world
and also with my family at home,

272
00:12:21,320 --> 00:12:24,456
and what I'm leaving my kids,
I get more comfortable in that fact.

273
00:12:24,480 --> 00:12:27,616
And it's something that a lot of us
are really uncomfortable with,

274
00:12:27,640 --> 00:12:28,840
but I'm telling you,

275
00:12:29,840 --> 00:12:31,256
think it through.

276
00:12:31,280 --> 00:12:34,016
Apply this type of thinking
and you can push yourself past

277
00:12:34,040 --> 00:12:36,096
what's inevitably
very, very uncomfortable.

278
00:12:36,120 --> 00:12:39,840
And it all begins really
with yourself asking this question:

279
00:12:40,840 --> 00:12:42,600
What is your longpath?

280
00:12:43,880 --> 00:12:46,776
But I ask you, when you ask yourself that

281
00:12:46,800 --> 00:12:49,056
now or tonight or behind a steering wheel

282
00:12:49,080 --> 00:12:52,440
or in the boardroom or the situation room:

283
00:12:54,320 --> 00:12:56,496
push past the longpath,

284
00:12:56,520 --> 00:12:59,816
quick, oh, what's my longpath
the next three years or five years?

285
00:12:59,840 --> 00:13:03,456
Try and push past your own life if you can

286
00:13:03,480 --> 00:13:05,856
because it makes you do things
a little bit bigger

287
00:13:05,880 --> 00:13:07,560
than you thought were possible.

288
00:13:08,800 --> 00:13:11,800
Yes, we have huge,
huge problems out there.

289
00:13:13,800 --> 00:13:16,200
With this process, with this thinking,

290
00:13:17,120 --> 00:13:18,720
I think we can make a difference.

291
00:13:19,240 --> 00:13:21,776
I think you can make a difference,

292
00:13:21,800 --> 00:13:23,416
and I believe in you guys.

293
00:13:23,440 --> 00:13:24,656
Thank you.

294
00:13:24,680 --> 00:13:29,703
(Applause)