[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.00,0:00:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Marcos from Barcelona,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.00,0:00:33.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he could be anyone... anywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.00,0:00:36.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is about to happen to him,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.31,0:00:41.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,occures daily in offices and homes\Nall over the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.00,0:01:02.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A part inside the printer has failed.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.20,0:01:05.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the fanufactures sends Marcos\Nto technical support.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.00,0:01:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A technician can make a diagnosis
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.00,0:01:12.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it costs 15 euros plus VAT.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.00,0:01:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has become difficult\Nto find parts for this.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.10,0:01:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not worth repairing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.00,0:01:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Repair will cost 110-120 euros.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.00,0:01:24.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Printers cost as low as 39 euros.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.38,0:01:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would advise you buy a new printer.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.00,0:01:29.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's best to buy a new one.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.00,0:01:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's no coincidence that all three\Nshop keepers suggest buying a new printer.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.00,0:01:39.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If he agrees, Marcos will become\Nyet another victim
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.59,0:01:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the planned obsolescence,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.55,0:01:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the secret mechanism at the heart\Nof our consumer's society.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.01,0:01:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.00,0:01:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,....
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.00,0:01:59.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We live in a society\Nruled by economic growth.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.50,0:02:03.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We not only grow to meet demand,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.61,0:02:06.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but grow for the sake of growth.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.01,0:02:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.00,0:02:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.00,0:02:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.00,0:02:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.00,0:02:31.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This film will reveal\Nhow planned obsolescence
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.19,0:02:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has defined our lifes ever\Nsince the 1920s,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.00,0:02:37.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when fanufacturers started\Nshortening lifes of products
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.80,0:02:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to increase the consumer's demand.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.88,0:02:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They decided to shorten\Nthe lifespan to 1000 hours.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.00,0:02:49.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will find out\Nhow designers and engineers
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.54,0:02:53.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were made to adopt\Nnew values and objectives.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.42,0:02:58.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.01,0:03:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.00,0:03:03.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.01,0:03:05.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.00,0:03:09.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A new generation of consumers
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.01,0:03:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has started challenging\Nthe manufacturers.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.55,0:03:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it possible to imagine
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.64,0:03:18.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a viable economy\Nwithout planned obsolescence?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.30,0:03:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without its impact on the environment?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.80,0:03:24.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The posteriority will never forget us.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.21,0:03:28.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,....
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.01,0:03:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,....
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.01,0:03:41.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.00,0:03:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wellcome to Livermore, Colifornia,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.00,0:03:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,home of the longest burning light bulb.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.00,0:03:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am Lynn Owens,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.00,0:03:54.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I am chairman\Nof the lightbulb committee.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.00,0:04:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1972, we discovered
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.00,0:04:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the lightbulb\Nthat was hanging in the fire station
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.01,0:04:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a significant light bulb.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.01,0:04:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The light bulb\Nover the Livermore fire station
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.64,0:04:19.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been burning continously\Nsince 1901.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.53,0:04:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ironically,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.00,0:04:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the bulb is already outlasted\Ntwo webcams.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.00,0:04:35.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2001,\Nwhen the bulb was 100 years old,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.34,0:04:38.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the people of Livermore\Nthrew up a big birthday party.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.73,0:04:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,American style.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.81,0:04:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were hoping to get 200 people
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.00,0:04:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but finally, we ended up\Nwith 800 or 900 people showing up..
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.01,0:04:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can imagine to sing\Na birthday song to a light bulb?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.00,0:05:00.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We didn't think they would.\NBut they did.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.01,0:05:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The origin of the bulb,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.00,0:05:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was produced\Nin a town called Shelby, Ohio,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.00,0:05:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back around 1895.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.00,0:05:25.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were put together\Nby some very interesting ladies
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.01,0:05:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some gentlemen of the company.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.15,0:05:32.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The filament was invented\Nby Adolphe Chaillet.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.95,0:05:35.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He invented his filament to last.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.00,0:05:44.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why does this filament last?\NI don't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.90,0:05:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a secret that died with him.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.15,0:05:51.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chaillet's formula for a long lasting filament
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.01,0:05:54.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not the only mistery in the history of light bulbs.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.46,0:05:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A much bigger secret is
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.00,0:05:58.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how the light bulb became
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.79,0:06:02.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first victim\Nof planned obsolescence.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.00,0:06:07.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Christmas Eve 1924 was a special day.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.00,0:06:10.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a backroom at Geneve
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.84,0:06:14.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suit wearing men\Nmet to create a secret plan.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.95,0:06:18.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They established\Nthe first worldwide cartel.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.00,0:06:23.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their goal was to control\Nthe production of lightbulbs
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.01,0:06:28.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to divide the world market\Nbetween them.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.15,0:06:31.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cartel was called Phoebus.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.00,0:06:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Phoebos included the main lightbulb\Nmanufacturers in Europe and USA,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.05,0:06:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even far away colonies\Nlike in Asia and Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.00,0:06:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would change the patents,\Ncontrol the production -
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.00,0:06:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- and above all\Ncontrol consumption.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.00,0:06:58.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is better for the companies that\Nbulbs must be changed more often.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.18,0:07:01.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lasting lights are an\Neconomic disadvantage.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.00,0:07:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Initially, manufacturers striked\Nfor a long life span of their bulbs.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.06,0:07:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On October twenty-first 1871,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.00,0:07:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,numerous experiments resulted
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.00,0:07:19.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the production of a small unit lamp\Nof comparatively enormous resistance.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.01,0:07:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The filament being under conditions\Nof great stability after this result...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.00,0:07:29.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tomas Edison's first commercial bulb\Non sell by 1881...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.01,0:07:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lasted 1500 hours.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.01,0:07:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 1924,\Nwhen the Phoebus cartel was founded,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.01,0:07:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,manufacturers proudly advertised\Nlife spans up to 2500 hours
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.01,0:07:44.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stressed the longevity of their bulbs.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.00,0:07:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The members of Phoebus thought:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.04,0:07:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Let's limit the lifespan of\Na light bulb to 1000 hours."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.75,0:08:01.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1925 they appointed a group called
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.35,0:08:03.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The 1000 Hour Life Committee",
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.71,0:08:11.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- that would technically reduce the time\Nan incandescent lamp could burn.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.92,0:08:15.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,80 years later,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.94,0:08:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Helmut Höge, an historiant from Berlin,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.00,0:08:20.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,uncoveres proves\Nof the committee's activities
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.51,0:08:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hidden in the internal documents\Nof the founding members of the cartel:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.00,0:08:26.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as Phillips in Holland,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.92,0:08:28.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Osram in Germany,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.37,0:08:30.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Compagnie des Lampes in France.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.00,0:08:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we have a cartel document:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.00,0:08:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The average life of lamps for\NGeneral Lighting Service", -
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.00,0:08:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"must not be guatanteed,\Npublished or offered", -
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.06,0:08:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"for another value than 1000 hours."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.00,0:08:50.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Under pressure from the cartel,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.73,0:08:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the member companies conducted experiments\Nto create a more fragil lightbulb,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.00,0:08:58.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would conform\Nwith the new 1000 hours norm.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.01,0:09:12.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All production was managered rigorously
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.18,0:09:14.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make sure cartel members cumplied.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.93,0:09:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One measure was to set up
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.48,0:09:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a stand with many shelves -
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.72,0:09:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- to which different types\Nof lightbulbs were connected to -
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.00,0:09:33.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the Company Osram\Nwas abled to register
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.01,0:09:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how long they lasted.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.01,0:09:43.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Phoebus enforced its rules\Nthrough an elaborated burocracy:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.41,0:09:48.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Members were fined heavily if their\Nmonthly life reports were off the mark.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.98,0:09:59.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we have a list of fines from 1929.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.71,0:10:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It shows how many Swiss francs\Ncompanies had to pay -
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.16,0:10:14.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- for example, here when the life\Nof a bulb was about 1500 hours.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.54,0:10:22.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As planned obsolescence took effect,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.12,0:10:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lifespans fell steadily.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.37,0:10:28.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in just 2 years,\Nthey dropped from 2500 hours...
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.45,0:10:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to less than 1500 hours.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.95,0:10:37.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the 1940s,\Nthe cartel had reached its goal.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.44,0:10:41.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1000 hours had become the standard lifespan for bulbs.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.00,0:10:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can see how this was\Nvery atempting in 1932.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.61,0:10:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,....
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.84,0:10:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.00,0:10:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.00,0:10:59.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.00,0:11:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.00,0:11:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.00,0:11:12.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.00,0:11:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.01,0:11:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.01,0:11:22.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.01,0:11:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.65,0:11:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Officially, Phoebus never existed,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.00,0:11:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although it's tracks\Nhave always been there.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.09,0:11:39.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The strategy has been\Nto constantly change names.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.94,0:11:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They used the name "The International\NEnergy Cartel" and others.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.44,0:11:50.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The point is that this idea\Nas an institution still exists.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.67,0:11:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Barcelona,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.90,0:12:02.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marcos hasn't followed the advise\Nof the shopkeepers to replace his printer.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.52,0:12:04.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He is determined to repair it,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.35,0:12:06.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he has found somebody\Non the internet
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.49,0:12:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who discovered\Nwhat actually happened to his printer.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.78,0:12:15.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The dirty little secret\Nof the inkjet printers.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.43,0:12:20.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I tried to print a document and it said\N"parts of the printer requiere replacement".
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.13,0:12:22.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I decided to do\Na little servicing of my own.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.72,0:12:26.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hello, Marcos, I received your message.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.96,0:12:29.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marcos has contacted\Nthe author of the video.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.00,0:12:36.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I looked into the printer and there was a sponge
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.01,0:12:40.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,:::
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.01,0:12:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,:::
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.00,0:12:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,:::
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.01,0:12:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,....
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.00,0:12:53.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it won't function anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.63,0:12:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their justification is they don't\Nwanna dirty your desk with ink.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.10,0:12:58.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think the problem goes\Ndeeper than that.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.67,0:13:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the way technology works:\Nit is just designed to fail.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.37,0:13:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Planned obsolescence merged\Nat the same time
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.10,0:13:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the mass production\Nand the consumers society.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.10,0:13:24.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The whole issue with products\Nbeing made to last less long
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.98,0:13:28.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is part of a whole pattern\Nthat began in the Industrial Revolution
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.84,0:13:33.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the new machines were producing\Ngoods so much more cheaply
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.31,0:13:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was a great thing for consumers.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.62,0:13:38.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But consumers couldn't keep up\Nwith the machines.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.74,0:13:40.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was so much production.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.10,0:13:47.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As early as 1928,\Nan influential advertising magazine warned:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.27,0:13:51.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,," an article that refuses to wear out\Nis a tragedy of business."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.100,0:13:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, mass production made many goods
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.00,0:13:59.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,widely available, the prices dropped
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.01,0:14:01.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many people started shopping for fun
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.20,0:14:03.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than for need.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.14,0:14:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The economy was booming.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.54,0:14:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1929, the emergent consumer society\Ncame to a full stop,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.70,0:14:35.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the Wall Street crashes the USA\Ninto a deep economic ressetion.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.00,0:14:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.65,0:14:44.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1933, the 25% was unemployed.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.47,0:14:47.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People no longer queued for goods,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.03,0:14:49.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for work and for food.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.89,0:14:58.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From New York came a radical proposal\Non how to kick start the economy again.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.44,0:15:03.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bernard London, a prominent broker,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.51,0:15:05.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suggested ending the depression
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.19,0:15:08.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by making planned obsolescence\Ncomposery by law.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.79,0:15:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the first time\Nthe concept was put into writing.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.03,0:15:17.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Under Bernard London's proposal,\Nall products was given a leace of life
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.99,0:15:19.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,set with a expiry date,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.82,0:15:23.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after which they\Nwould considered legally dead.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.34,0:15:26.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Consumers would turn them over\Nto a government agency
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.69,0:15:28.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they would be destroyed.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.16,0:15:33.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was trying to achieve a balance\Nbetween capital and labor
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.61,0:15:35.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there would be always\Na market for new goods.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.24,0:15:38.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there would be always need for labor,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.43,0:15:40.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there would always be\Na reward for capital.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.76,0:15:47.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bernard London believed that\Nwith compostery planned obsolescence
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.73,0:15:49.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the wheels of industry would keep turning,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.74,0:15:51.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people would keep consuming
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.81,0:15:54.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and everyone would have a job.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.56,0:16:04.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Giles Slade has come to New York\Nto investigate the person behind the idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.00,0:16:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He wants to find out\Nif for Bernard London
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.20,0:16:10.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the planned obsolescence\Nwas purely about profits
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.50,0:16:12.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or about helping the unemployed.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.04,0:16:20.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dorothea Weitzner remembers\Nmeeting Bernard London in the 30s
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.22,0:16:22.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during a family outing.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.41,0:16:24.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't tell me which one he is..
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.24,0:16:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Isn't that interesting!
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.50,0:16:32.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Definitely intellectual looking...
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.46,0:16:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-You met Bernard London in 1933...
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.27,0:16:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-When I was 16 or 17 years old...
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.52,0:16:41.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my Dad had a big Cadillac car,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.11,0:16:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was the size of a Zepellin.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.00,0:16:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mother was driving, and Dad in the front,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.00,0:16:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Londons\Nwere sitting in the back.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.00,0:16:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dad said that Mr. London\Nshould explain his philosophy to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.94,0:16:59.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was an interesting man\Nand he just told me in a few words
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.47,0:17:02.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this was his idea\Nto reduce the depression.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.68,0:17:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were an economic mess,\Nworth than today even.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.54,0:17:09.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was obsessed with this idea,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.41,0:17:13.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like an artist is obsessed\Nwith his paintings.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.56,0:17:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He actually whispered to me,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.60,0:17:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he was afraid that his theory\Nwas maybe to radical.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.81,0:17:26.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, Bernard London's proposal\Nwas ignored
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.95,0:17:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and obsolescence by legal obligation\Nwas never put into practice.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.78,0:17:38.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,20 years later, in the 1950s,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.85,0:17:41.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the idea resurfaced,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.44,0:17:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but with a crucial twist:
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.06,0:17:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of forcing planned obsolescence\Non the consumers
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.80,0:17:47.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they would be seduced by it.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.71,0:17:49.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Planned Obsolescence:
Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.69,0:17:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the desire on the part of the consumer
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.02,0:17:54.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to own something
Dialogue: 0,0:17:54.95,0:17:57.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a little newer, a little better,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.09,0:17:59.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a little sooner than is necessary.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.00,0:18:03.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the voice of Brook Stevens,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.96,0:18:08.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the apostol of planned obsolescence\Nin postwar America.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.30,0:18:10.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This industrial designer
Dialogue: 0,0:18:10.68,0:18:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,created everything from household\Nappliances to cars and trains
Dialogue: 0,0:18:13.86,0:18:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,always with planned obsolescence in mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:20.10,0:18:21.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In spirit with the times,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.73,0:18:25.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brook Stevens' designs\Nconvades speed and modernity.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.79,0:18:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even the house, he lived in, was inusual.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.55,0:18:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the house\Nmy father designed and I grew up in.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:31.86,0:18:34.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When it was being build,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.31,0:18:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone thought\Nit would be the new bus station
Dialogue: 0,0:18:37.15,0:18:40.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it was not looking\Nlike a traditional home.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:43.22,0:18:47.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most important for my father was
Dialogue: 0,0:18:47.44,0:18:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when designing a product was
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.78,0:18:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He detested bland productos,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:51.77,0:18:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that didn't create any desire\Nwithin the consumer
Dialogue: 0,0:18:55.38,0:18:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to inspire the purchase.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:00.62,0:19:03.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unlike the European approach in the past,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.29,0:19:07.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they tryed to make the very\Nbest product and make it last forever
Dialogue: 0,0:19:07.37,0:19:12.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,....
Dialogue: 0,0:19:12.65,0:19:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,....
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.90,0:19:16.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The approach in America is one
Dialogue: 0,0:19:16.61,0:19:19.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of making the American consumer unhappy
Dialogue: 0,0:19:19.68,0:19:22.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the product that he has enjoyed,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:22.65,0:19:26.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having passed it on\Nto the second hand market
Dialogue: 0,0:19:26.30,0:19:29.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and obtain the newest product\Nwith the newest possible look.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:31.33,0:19:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brook Stevens travelled all over the US
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.68,0:19:38.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to promote planned obsolescence\Nin speech after speech.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:38.28,0:19:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His approach\Nbecame the gospel of the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:47.16,0:19:52.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.66,0:19:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,....
Dialogue: 0,0:19:54.00,0:19:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:20:01.84,0:20:03.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Design and marketing
Dialogue: 0,0:20:03.75,0:20:07.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seduced consumers into always\Ndesiring the latest model.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:08.00,0:20:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My father never designed a product
Dialogue: 0,0:20:10.00,0:20:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to intentionally fail
Dialogue: 0,0:20:12.00,0:20:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or become obsolete for some functional\Nreason in a short periode of time.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:16.56,0:20:21.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Planned obsolescence is absolutely\Non the consumer's discretion.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:22.46,0:20:27.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nobody is forcing the consumer to go\Ninto the store and purchase a product.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:27.71,0:20:30.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They go in under their own free will,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:30.47,0:20:32.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's their choice.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:36.73,0:20:40.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Freedom and happiness\Nthrough unlimited consumption:
Dialogue: 0,0:20:40.69,0:20:43.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the American way of life in the 1950s
Dialogue: 0,0:20:43.36,0:20:46.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,became the foundation of the\Nconsumers society as we know it today.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:02.12,0:21:04.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without planned obsolescence
Dialogue: 0,0:21:04.62,0:21:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these places wouldn't exist.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:09.16,0:21:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There wouldn't be any products,\Nthere wouln't be any industry,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:12.73,0:21:15.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there wouldn't be any designers,\Nany architects,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:15.78,0:21:18.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there wouldn't be any servants, cleaners
Dialogue: 0,0:21:18.73,0:21:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there wouldn't be any security guards,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:20.72,0:21:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the jobs would go.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:23.50,0:21:25.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, how often you change your mobiles?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:25.55,0:21:27.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-Every 18 month.\N- Once a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:28.89,0:21:31.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These days, planned obsolescence
Dialogue: 0,0:21:31.77,0:21:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is an integral part of the curricula\Nof design and engineering schools.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.96,0:21:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Boris Knuv lections on the concept\Nof product's life circle:
Dialogue: 0,0:21:39.02,0:21:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a modern eufemism for\N"planned obsolescence".
Dialogue: 0,0:21:43.23,0:21:45.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went shopping for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:45.65,0:21:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I bought a couple of things:
Dialogue: 0,0:21:47.74,0:21:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a pan,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:49.96,0:21:53.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,salt, a shirt, another shirt...
Dialogue: 0,0:21:53.86,0:21:55.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Students are taught
Dialogue: 0,0:21:55.81,0:21:58.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to design for a business world
Dialogue: 0,0:21:58.06,0:21:59.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dominated by one single goal:
Dialogue: 0,0:21:59.53,0:22:02.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,frequent repeated purchase.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:02.43,0:22:06.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I pass this around and you tell me
Dialogue: 0,0:22:06.01,0:22:08.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how long it takes untill they fail.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:11.42,0:22:15.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Designers have to understand\Nwhat company they work for.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:15.28,0:22:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The company decides on a business model
Dialogue: 0,0:22:18.07,0:22:22.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how often they want\Nto renew their products.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:22.13,0:22:25.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This information is given to designers
Dialogue: 0,0:22:25.57,0:22:31.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:22:31.38,0:22:34.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:22:36.90,0:22:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Planned obsolescence
Dialogue: 0,0:22:38.52,0:22:41.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is at the root of the substantial\Neconomic growth
Dialogue: 0,0:22:41.79,0:22:45.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the Western world\Nis experienced since the 1950s.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:48.00,0:22:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ever since,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:49.38,0:22:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,growth is the holy grale of our economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:56.08,0:22:59.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Growth Society's logic is not\Nonly
Dialogue: 0,0:22:59.16,0:23:02.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to grow to meet demand -
Dialogue: 0,0:23:02.45,0:23:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- but to grow for the sake of growth;\Nunbounded growth in production -
Dialogue: 0,0:23:05.00,0:23:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- that is justified through\Nthe boundless growth in consumption.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:08.00,0:23:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The three crucial factors are advertising,\Nplanned obsolescence and credit.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:14.77,0:23:18.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Serge Latouche is a noted critic\Nof the growth society
Dialogue: 0,0:23:18.71,0:23:21.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and has written extensively about its mechanisms.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:23.20,0:23:26.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The three crucial factors are:
Dialogue: 0,0:23:26.69,0:23:31.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,advertising, planned obsolescence and credit.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:37.96,0:23:40.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since the last generation,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:40.29,0:23:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our role in life seems to be just\Nto consume things with credits
Dialogue: 0,0:23:43.19,0:23:45.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to borrow money\Nto buy things we don't need.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:45.20,0:23:47.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That makes no real sense to me at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:49.76,0:23:52.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Critics of the growth society
Dialogue: 0,0:23:52.43,0:23:55.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,point out that it's unsustainable\Non a long run
Dialogue: 0,0:23:55.16,0:23:58.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's based\Non a flagrant contadiction.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:59.21,0:24:04.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyone who thinks that infinite growth\Nis consistent with a finite planet -
Dialogue: 0,0:24:04.42,0:24:07.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- is either crazy, or an economist.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:07.00,0:24:11.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem is that now\Nwe've all become economists.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:12.82,0:24:16.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why a product is produced\Nevery 3 minutes?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:16.85,0:24:19.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is this necessary?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:20.19,0:24:24.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many people has realized\Nthat there was a need to change
Dialogue: 0,0:24:24.12,0:24:26.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they were told by politicians\Nto go shopping
Dialogue: 0,0:24:26.70,0:24:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the best way to restart the economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:30.26,0:24:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With this Growth Society
Dialogue: 0,0:24:34.00,0:24:37.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are sitting in a racing car
Dialogue: 0,0:24:37.32,0:24:41.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- that no longer has a driver,\Nrunning at full speed --
Dialogue: 0,0:24:41.01,0:24:46.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that will end up
Dialogue: 0,0:24:46.37,0:24:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,crashing into\Na wall or run off a cliff.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:07.57,0:25:09.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Looking at the service manuals\Nof different printers,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:09.92,0:25:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marcos realizes\Nthat the lifespan of many printers
Dialogue: 0,0:25:12.96,0:25:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is set up by the engineers\Nright from the start.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:25.34,0:25:29.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They achieve this by placing a chip\Ndeep inside the printer.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:41.76,0:25:45.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have found the chip called EEPROM,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:45.64,0:25:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which stores the number of prints.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:48.02,0:25:50.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when the user reaches\Na preset number of prints,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:50.40,0:25:53.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the printer locks up.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:02.00,0:26:04.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do engineers feel
Dialogue: 0,0:26:04.11,0:26:06.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about designing products to fail?
Dialogue: 0,0:26:06.38,0:26:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The dilema is captiured\Nin a British film from 1951,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:10.80,0:26:15.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where a young chemist invents\Nan everlasting thread.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:15.34,0:26:18.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He believes that great progress\Nhad been made.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:26.95,0:26:29.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But not everyone is happy\Nwith his discovery.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:30.20,0:26:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And soon he finds himself on the run-\Nnot only from the factory owners,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:33.76,0:26:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also from the workers,\Nall fearing for their jobs.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:38.48,0:26:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, that's really interesting,\Nit reminds me of something
Dialogue: 0,0:26:41.00,0:26:44.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that actually really happened\Nin the textil industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:46.50,0:26:50.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1940, the chemical giant DuPont
Dialogue: 0,0:26:50.05,0:26:53.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anounced the arrival\Nof a revolutionary synthetic fiber:
Dialogue: 0,0:26:53.03,0:26:54.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nylon!
Dialogue: 0,0:26:58.35,0:27:02.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Girls celebrated the new longlasting stockings.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:02.85,0:27:05.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the joy was short lived.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:05.44,0:27:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My father worked for Dupont
Dialogue: 0,0:27:08.21,0:27:11.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before and after the war,\Nin the nylon division
Dialogue: 0,0:27:11.45,0:27:16.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he told me a story\Nwhen nylon first came out
Dialogue: 0,0:27:16.11,0:27:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they were trying it out\Nfor stockings
Dialogue: 0,0:27:19.00,0:27:23.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the men of his division were asked\Nto take these stockings home
Dialogue: 0,0:27:23.59,0:27:26.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for their wifes and girlfriends\Nto try out.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:27.04,0:27:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My father brought them home\Nto my mother,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:28.98,0:27:34.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she was delited with the first products\Nbecause they were so sturdy.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:38.21,0:27:41.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Dupont chemists had every reason\Nto be proud of their achievement,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:41.72,0:27:46.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as even the men towded\Nthe strength of the nylon stockings.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:46.77,0:27:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem was, they lasted too long,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:49.48,0:27:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the women were very happy with the fact\Nthat they didn't get runners in them,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:53.16,0:27:57.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unfortunately this meant that\Nthe companies producing the stockings
Dialogue: 0,0:27:57.28,0:27:58.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were not going to sell very many.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:01.84,0:28:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dupont gave new instructions\Nto Nicole Fox's father and his colegues.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:08.63,0:28:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The men in his division had to go back\Nto the drawing board
Dialogue: 0,0:28:12.00,0:28:14.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try to make the fibers weaker,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:14.13,0:28:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and come out with something\Nthat was more fragil and would run,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:19.36,0:28:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so that the stockings\Nwouldn't last as long.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:25.11,0:28:29.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The same chemists who applied\Ntheir skills to make durable nylons,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:29.46,0:28:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,went with the spirit of the times\Nand made them more fragile.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:33.68,0:28:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This everylasting thread\Ndisappeared from the factories,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:37.10,0:28:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like in the cinema.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:39.04,0:28:42.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need control of this discovery.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:42.47,0:28:44.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want the twice the ammount\Nof the contract, we will pay it.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:45.00,0:28:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a cuarter of a million...
Dialogue: 0,0:28:47.62,0:28:49.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:28:50.08,0:28:51.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What did the Dupont chemists feel
Dialogue: 0,0:28:51.94,0:28:55.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about reducing the life of the products?
Dialogue: 0,0:28:56.45,0:28:58.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Must have been\Nfrustating for the engineers
Dialogue: 0,0:28:58.81,0:29:02.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have to use their skills\Nto make an inferior product,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:02.83,0:29:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after they tried so hard\Nto make a good product.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.51,0:29:11.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I suppose\Nthat is the outsider's view.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:12.10,0:29:14.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Probably they just had a job to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:14.24,0:29:17.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Make it strong, make it weak-\Nthat was their job.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:20.10,0:29:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For engineers,\Nit was a complicated ethical time.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:23.60,0:29:25.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This confrontation\Nwith planned obsolescence
Dialogue: 0,0:29:25.81,0:29:29.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,provoked them to examine\Ntheir most basic ethical concepts.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:31.86,0:29:35.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was an old school of engineers\Nthat believed
Dialogue: 0,0:29:35.36,0:29:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they should make prominent usable\Nproducts that will never break.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:38.26,0:29:41.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there was a new school of engineers\Nthat were driven by the market,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:41.16,0:29:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were clearly interested in
Dialogue: 0,0:29:43.56,0:29:45.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making the most disposable\Nproducts that they could.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:45.42,0:29:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This debate resolved itself
Dialogue: 0,0:29:48.00,0:29:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the new school of engineers\Ntaking over.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:56.01,0:29:59.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Planned obsolescence\Ndid not only afect engineers,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:59.55,0:30:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the frustation of ordinary consumers
Dialogue: 0,0:30:02.00,0:30:04.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is reflected\Nin Arthur Miller's classic play
Dialogue: 0,0:30:04.78,0:30:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Death of a Salesman".
Dialogue: 0,0:30:06.28,0:30:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just like Willie Lomax,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:07.00,0:30:10.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all what consumers could do\Nwas complain powerlessly.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:10.43,0:30:13.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:30:13.01,0:30:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,....
Dialogue: 0,0:30:16.00,0:30:19.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:30:19.01,0:30:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:30:23.00,0:30:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:30:25.00,0:30:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:30:30.100,0:30:35.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Little consumers know that\Non the other side of the Iron Curtine-
Dialogue: 0,0:30:35.45,0:30:37.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the countries of the Eastern block-
Dialogue: 0,0:30:37.62,0:30:41.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a whole economy\Nwithout planned obsolescence.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:47.60,0:30:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The communist economy\Nwasn't ruled by the free market,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:51.28,0:30:53.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but centrally planned by the state.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:53.93,0:30:58.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was inefficient and plagued\Nby a chronic shortage of resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:58.45,0:30:59.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In such a system,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:59.67,0:31:03.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,planned obsolescence\Ndid not make any sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:07.16,0:31:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In former east Germany,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:09.66,0:31:12.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the most efficient communist economy,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:12.72,0:31:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,official regulations estipulated\Nthat fridges and washing machines
Dialogue: 0,0:31:15.84,0:31:19.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should work for 25 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:22.00,0:31:27.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I bought this DDR-fridge in 1985.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:27.01,0:31:31.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is 24 years old.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:31.75,0:31:35.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The light bulb is the same age,\NI have never changed it.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:35.66,0:31:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is 25 years old.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:41.91,0:31:45.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1981, \Na lighting factory in East Germany
Dialogue: 0,0:31:45.51,0:31:48.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,launched a long life bulb.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:48.11,0:31:51.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They took it to an \Ninternational ligthting fair
Dialogue: 0,0:31:51.23,0:31:53.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking for buyers from the West.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:54.26,0:31:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the East Germans in 1981
Dialogue: 0,0:31:58.30,0:32:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,presented the bulb
Dialogue: 0,0:32:00.00,0:32:02.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a fair in Hanover, -
Dialogue: 0,0:32:02.52,0:32:06.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- colleagues in the West said:\N"You will make yourselves unemployed."
Dialogue: 0,0:32:06.58,0:32:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,East Germans engineers replied:
Dialogue: 0,0:32:10.00,0:32:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"On the contrary." -
Dialogue: 0,0:32:12.28,0:32:16.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- "By saving resources\Nand not wasting tungsten" -
Dialogue: 0,0:32:16.38,0:32:19.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- "we will keep our jobs."
Dialogue: 0,0:32:22.40,0:32:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Western buyers rejected the bulb.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:26.53,0:32:30.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1989, the Berlin Wall came down.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:30.38,0:32:32.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The factory was closed
Dialogue: 0,0:32:32.01,0:32:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Eastern German longlife bulb\Nwent to out of production.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:37.70,0:32:41.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, it only can be found \Nin exhibitions and museums.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:51.27,0:32:54.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,20 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:54.31,0:32:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,consumerism is as rampened \Nin the West as in the East.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:06.13,0:33:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there is one difference:\Nin the age of the internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:09.02,0:33:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the consumers are ready to fight \Nagainst planned obsolescence.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:14.29,0:33:16.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first me made\Nthat really broke through
Dialogue: 0,0:33:16.86,0:33:19.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a movie about the iPod.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:19.81,0:33:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was completely broke \Nwhen I bought this iPod
Dialogue: 0,0:33:23.08,0:33:25.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which costs about 400 or 500 dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:25.48,0:33:30.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About 8 months later- or 12-\Nthe battery died.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:31.09,0:33:35.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I called Apple to replace the battery
Dialogue: 0,0:33:35.55,0:33:37.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their policy at the time
Dialogue: 0,0:33:37.62,0:33:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was to tell their consumers \Nto buy a new iPod.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:40.99,0:33:42.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Better buy a new one.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:42.01,0:33:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Aplle doesn't offer...\N-No.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:44.01,0:33:48.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Apple doesn't offer a new battery?\N-No.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:49.00,0:33:51.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wasn't that the battery died \Nthat was annoying..
Dialogue: 0,0:33:51.46,0:33:53.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in my Nokia cell phone,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:53.79,0:33:55.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the battery dies and I buy a new one.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:55.82,0:33:58.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even in my Apple laptop\Nwhen the battery would die
Dialogue: 0,0:33:58.26,0:34:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you would replace the battery.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:00.72,0:34:03.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the iPod, \Nthis expensive piece of hardware,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:03.36,0:34:07.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the battery died, \Nyou had to replace the entiry unit.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:09.66,0:34:13.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My brother had the idea \Nto make a movie just about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:13.72,0:34:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We went around with a stencil
Dialogue: 0,0:34:17.28,0:34:19.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spray painting over advertising of iPod.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:20.18,0:34:23.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"iPod's unreplaceable battery \Nlasts only 18 months."
Dialogue: 0,0:34:27.11,0:34:31.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We put the video in our own site,\Nwww. ipodsdirtysecret. com.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:31.24,0:34:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the first month,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:33.00,0:34:35.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were 6 million views
Dialogue: 0,0:34:35.45,0:34:38.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the site went absolutely bananas.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:40.65,0:34:44.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lawyer in San Francisco,\NElizabeth Pritzkar,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:44.10,0:34:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,heard about the video,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:45.78,0:34:49.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and together with her associated decided\Nto sew Apple over the lifespan of the iPod.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:49.100,0:34:52.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Half century after the lightbulb case,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:52.42,0:34:56.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,planned obsolescence was in court again.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:57.50,0:34:59.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we brought this litigation,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:59.71,0:35:02.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about 2 years after the iPod \Nwas introduced,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:02.72,0:35:07.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Apple had sold about 3 million iPods,\Nnationwide in the US.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:09.21,0:35:12.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many of the 3 million iPod owners\Nhad having battery problems,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:12.89,0:35:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and were willing to sew.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:16.93,0:35:19.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of them was Andrew Westley.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:21.20,0:35:25.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We selected from among \Nthe consumers who had called us
Dialogue: 0,0:35:25.13,0:35:29.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,individuals who would serve \Nas representants in a class action.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:33.18,0:35:34.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A class action
Dialogue: 0,0:35:34.79,0:35:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a particular mechanism of the USA.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:38.26,0:35:43.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where a small group of persons \Nstand for a large group
Dialogue: 0,0:35:43.71,0:35:45.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bring a claim before a court.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:47.99,0:35:53.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My role in that case \Nwas to represent 1000 of people,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:53.34,0:35:55.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe tens of thousands of people.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:55.40,0:35:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The case became to be known \Nas "Westley vs. Apple".
Dialogue: 0,0:36:02.03,0:36:06.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When my friends learned\Nthat this was a major case
Dialogue: 0,0:36:06.70,0:36:09.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they thought I was becoming a radical.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:09.86,0:36:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,....
Dialogue: 0,0:36:16.06,0:36:18.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In December 2003,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:18.15,0:36:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Elizabeth Pritzker filed the case \Nat the San Mateo County Court,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:22.00,0:36:25.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just a few blocks \Nfrom the Apple headquarters.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:28.69,0:36:32.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We asked Apple \Nfor a number of technical documents
Dialogue: 0,0:36:32.99,0:36:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,regarding the battery life in the iPod,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:35.42,0:36:38.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we received a lot a technical data
Dialogue: 0,0:36:38.99,0:36:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the battery design, \Nabout the testing of the battery.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:42.00,0:36:43.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We discovered that
Dialogue: 0,0:36:43.80,0:36:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the battery in the iPod
Dialogue: 0,0:36:48.00,0:36:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was designed from the beginning\Nto have a really short life.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:57.54,0:37:00.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I do think \Nthat the development of the iPod
Dialogue: 0,0:37:00.64,0:37:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was intended to be \None of planned obsolescence.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:05.64,0:37:07.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After a tense few months,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:07.77,0:37:10.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both parts hammered out a settlement:
Dialogue: 0,0:37:10.48,0:37:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Apple put a replacement service \Nfor the batteries,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:13.00,0:37:15.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and extended the guaranty for 2 ańos.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:15.89,0:37:19.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The claiments were offered compensation.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:21.21,0:37:23.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One thing that really bothers \Nme personally, is that
Dialogue: 0,0:37:23.43,0:37:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Apple promotes itself
Dialogue: 0,0:37:26.88,0:37:30.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a young, hip, \Nforward thinking company.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:30.68,0:37:35.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for a company like that,\Nnot to have a good environment policy
Dialogue: 0,0:37:36.06,0:37:38.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that allows consumers to return products
Dialogue: 0,0:37:38.99,0:37:41.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for proper recycling
Dialogue: 0,0:37:41.34,0:37:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is in contra to their message.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:53.28,0:37:57.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Planned obsolescence produces \Na constant stream of waste
Dialogue: 0,0:37:57.63,0:38:01.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is shipped to 3rd world countries,\Nsuch as Ghana in Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:03.05,0:38:05.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's between 8 or 9 years now,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:05.76,0:38:09.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I noticed\Nthat a lot of containers came to Ghana
Dialogue: 0,0:38:09.75,0:38:11.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with electronic waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:12.41,0:38:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are talking \Nabout end-of-life computers
Dialogue: 0,0:38:15.66,0:38:17.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about end-of-life televisions
Dialogue: 0,0:38:17.15,0:38:20.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which nobody wants \Nin the developed countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:21.98,0:38:23.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shipping electronic waste \Nto 3rd world countries
Dialogue: 0,0:38:23.45,0:38:26.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is forbidden by international law.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:27.04,0:38:30.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the merciants use a simple trick:
Dialogue: 0,0:38:30.03,0:38:33.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they declare the waste\Nas second-hand goods.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:38.89,0:38:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More than 80% of the electronic waste \Nthat arrives in Ghana
Dialogue: 0,0:38:42.88,0:38:44.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is totally be unrepair
Dialogue: 0,0:38:44.87,0:38:48.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and whole container are abandoned\Nin the dumbsides all around the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:49.01,0:38:51.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are here \Nat the dumbside of Agbogbloshie.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:51.89,0:38:55.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the past, we had this beautiful river \Ncalled Odaw river,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:55.77,0:38:59.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:38:59.66,0:39:02.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It had so much fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:03.54,0:39:06.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After the school, \Nactually not very far from here,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:06.62,0:39:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we came to play football \Nand hang around the river.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:10.00,0:39:13.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fishermen would organize boat rides.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:13.46,0:39:16.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now it's all finished, \Nit's all gone.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:16.37,0:39:19.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that makes me really really sad\Nand it makes me angry.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:24.91,0:39:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These days, there are no school kids \Nplaying here after class.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:29.00,0:39:34.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, youngsters from poor families\Ncome here looking for scrapmetal.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:34.18,0:39:39.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They burn the plastic covered cables \Nto salvage the metal inside.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:47.00,0:39:48.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is left,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:48.68,0:39:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is picked up from the younger children\Nlooking for any tiny pieces of metal
Dialogue: 0,0:39:53.00,0:39:54.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which the older boys may have missed.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:12.14,0:40:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those behind the shipments say:
Dialogue: 0,0:40:14.12,0:40:17.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"well, we try to break the digital divide...
Dialogue: 0,0:40:17.37,0:40:21.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between Europe, America and \Nthen the rest as Africa, like Ghana.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:21.12,0:40:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the reality is that \Nthe computers that arrive here
Dialogue: 0,0:40:24.24,0:40:25.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does not work.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:28.83,0:40:31.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It makes no sense to receive
Dialogue: 0,0:40:31.98,0:40:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you cannot deal with it
Dialogue: 0,0:40:34.00,0:40:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the country is used\Nas the world's trash bin.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:46.06,0:40:50.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The trash that has been \Nso long hidden from view
Dialogue: 0,0:40:50.83,0:40:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is now coming in our life
Dialogue: 0,0:40:52.56,0:40:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have no longer reason \Nto avoid it.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:54.87,0:40:58.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The waste economy\Nis reaching its last legs
Dialogue: 0,0:40:58.26,0:41:00.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because fisically there is no space \Nto put the waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:00.100,0:41:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the course of time, \Nwe've come to realize
Dialogue: 0,0:41:05.00,0:41:09.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the planet we're living on \Ncannot sustain that forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:09.01,0:41:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a limit of natural resources
Dialogue: 0,0:41:12.00,0:41:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there is a limit to energy resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:15.25,0:41:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Posterity will never forgive us.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:17.71,0:41:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...the throw-away attitudes
Dialogue: 0,0:41:22.00,0:41:25.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the throw-away life styles of people\Nin the advanced countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:27.81,0:41:29.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People all over the world
Dialogue: 0,0:41:29.55,0:41:33.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have started acting \Nagainst planned obsolescence.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:34.82,0:41:38.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mike Anane is fighting against it \Nfrom receiving it.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:38.51,0:41:41.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He has started \Nby collecting information.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:42.32,0:41:47.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is where I keep the waste\Nwhich have property targets.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:47.29,0:41:52.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This says "AMU Centre, North-West Sjaelland",\Nit's from Denmark.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:52.26,0:41:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is from Germany, \Nsend here just to be damned.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:56.83,0:41:58.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Westminster college,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:58.14,0:42:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Apple should know better: \NApple is a company that says to be ecologic
Dialogue: 0,0:42:01.01,0:42:05.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are a lot of Apple products \Nthat are being damned here.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:07.05,0:42:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have a data base with the asset targets\Nand contacts
Dialogue: 0,0:42:12.52,0:42:15.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and telephone numbers of the companies \Nthat owned
Dialogue: 0,0:42:15.28,0:42:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the electronic waste damned in Ghana.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:19.77,0:42:22.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mike Anane plannes \Nto turn this information
Dialogue: 0,0:42:22.49,0:42:25.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into evidence in a Court case.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:29.94,0:42:33.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to take some action, \Nsome punitive measure.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:33.48,0:42:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to process people,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:35.00,0:42:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they stop dumping e-waste in Ghana.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:49.23,0:42:51.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marcos is on the internet again
Dialogue: 0,0:42:51.72,0:42:54.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking for a way \Nto extend the life of his printer.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:57.00,0:43:01.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He has discovered a Russian website\Nwho offers a free software
Dialogue: 0,0:43:01.30,0:43:03.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for printers with a counter chip.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:04.90,0:43:07.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The programmer has even \Ngone to the trouble
Dialogue: 0,0:43:07.72,0:43:10.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of explaining his personal motivation:
Dialogue: 0,0:43:10.32,0:43:12.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This happens due of a bad construction,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:12.79,0:43:14.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is their business model,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:14.89,0:43:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not a good one for users \Nand the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:18.10,0:43:22.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I found the way to create \Na userfriendly software
Dialogue: 0,0:43:22.47,0:43:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to allow the reset of the counter.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:27.75,0:43:30.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marcos doesn't know what to expect,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:30.13,0:43:33.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but downloads the software anyway.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:35.86,0:43:38.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From a small village in France,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:38.14,0:43:40.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,John Thackara fights planned obsolescence
Dialogue: 0,0:43:40.93,0:43:42.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by helping share \Nbusiness and design ideas,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:42.99,0:43:45.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ideas which come from all over the globe.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:46.24,0:43:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the poorer countries,\Nthe things are repaired automatically.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:50.00,0:43:52.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea to throw away a product\Nbecause it breaks
Dialogue: 0,0:43:52.88,0:43:57.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is unthinkable for somebody\Nin the South.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:59.25,0:44:01.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In India, there is actually a word, \N"jugaad",
Dialogue: 0,0:44:01.53,0:44:05.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that describes the tradition \Nof being able to fix things,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:05.16,0:44:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pretty much regardless \Nof the complexity of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:11.62,0:44:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We try to find people \Nwho are actively doing projects
Dialogue: 0,0:44:15.30,0:44:20.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than making abstract statements
Dialogue: 0,0:44:20.47,0:44:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how awful things are \Nor that it has to be changed.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:27.59,0:44:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of these people is Warner Phillips,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:30.10,0:44:33.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,descendent of the dynasty \Nof lightbulb manufacturers.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:38.02,0:44:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember my grandfather taking me to
Dialogue: 0,0:44:40.40,0:44:41.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Phillips' factories
Dialogue: 0,0:44:42.00,0:44:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to show me \Nhow lightbulbs were mass manufactured
Dialogue: 0,0:44:46.00,0:44:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is very cool.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:53.20,0:44:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nearly a 100 years after the creation \Nof the lightbulb cartel,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:56.02,0:44:58.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Warner Philips follows the family tradition,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:58.97,0:45:01.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but with a different approach:
Dialogue: 0,0:45:01.30,0:45:05.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he produces a LED-bulb \Nwhich lasts 25 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:09.46,0:45:13.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not like there is a green world\Nand there is a business world.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:16.15,0:45:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Business and sustaintibility\Nis going hand in hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:18.96,0:45:21.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, it's the best basis \Nto build the business on.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:21.62,0:45:24.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only way to do this
Dialogue: 0,0:45:24.26,0:45:26.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to consider the true cost
Dialogue: 0,0:45:26.95,0:45:30.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the resources that have been used.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:30.01,0:45:31.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also look at the energy consumption,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:31.38,0:45:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also the indirect consumption \Nof transportation.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:35.30,0:45:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The transport sector would pay\Nthe actual costs of shipping, -
Dialogue: 0,0:45:40.09,0:45:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- not to mention the fact\Nthat oil is unrenewable, -
Dialogue: 0,0:45:46.41,0:45:50.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- if the current price was\Nmultiplied by 20 or 30.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:51.73,0:45:54.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:45:54.71,0:45:58.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:45:58.79,0:46:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:46:05.48,0:46:08.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fighting against planned obsolescence
Dialogue: 0,0:46:08.98,0:46:13.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can also be achieved by rethinking the \Nengineering and the production of the goods.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:13.02,0:46:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A new concept called "cradle to cradle",
Dialogue: 0,0:46:17.01,0:46:20.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,claims that if the factories \Nworks as nature
Dialogue: 0,0:46:20.11,0:46:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,planned obsolescence itself \Nwould become obsolete.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:28.00,0:46:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saving, reduction, zero waste, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:33.00,0:46:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But nature doesn't save anything,\Neg. when a cherry blossoms...
Dialogue: 0,0:46:36.00,0:46:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:46:43.00,0:46:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nature produces abundanly,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:46.00,0:46:50.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but fallen blossoms, dead leafs \Nand other discarded materials are not waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:50.77,0:46:54.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They become nutrients for other organisms.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:55.62,0:46:59.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nature produces no waste,\Nonly nutrients.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:02.18,0:47:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Braungart believes that industry can\Nimitate this virtuous circle of nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:08.03,0:47:11.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He proved that this is possible \Nwhen he redesigned the production process
Dialogue: 0,0:47:11.67,0:47:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a Swiss textile company.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:16.00,0:47:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine a sofa or a chair\Nwith a fabric like this; -
Dialogue: 0,0:47:22.74,0:47:26.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- it's decorations are so toxic that
Dialogue: 0,0:47:26.35,0:47:28.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it must be handled as hazardous waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:31.52,0:47:35.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Braungart found that hundreds \Nof highly toxic chemicals
Dialogue: 0,0:47:35.38,0:47:39.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were used at the factory.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:40.00,0:47:42.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the production of the new fabrics,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:42.44,0:47:44.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Braungart and his team reduced the list
Dialogue: 0,0:47:44.99,0:47:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at 36 sustances,\Nall of them biodegradable.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:50.81,0:47:54.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we select edible materials.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:54.26,0:47:57.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You should be able\Nto have this with your muesli.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:58.51,0:48:00.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a waste-based society,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:00.22,0:48:03.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,short-life products \Nwill cause problems of waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:03.09,0:48:05.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if manufactureres use nutrients,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:05.78,0:48:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the products can become something new.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:10.40,0:48:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the more radical critics\Nof planned obsolescence,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:14.12,0:48:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reforming production is not enough:
Dialogue: 0,0:48:17.20,0:48:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they want to rethink our\Nentiry economic system and our values.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:21.71,0:48:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A true revolution\Nrequires a cultural change, -
Dialogue: 0,0:48:25.56,0:48:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- a paradigm shift and\Na change in mentality.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:29.61,0:48:33.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This revolution is called "De-growth".
Dialogue: 0,0:48:33.07,0:48:35.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Serge Latouche travels \Nfrom conference to conference
Dialogue: 0,0:48:35.86,0:48:40.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,explaining how to get out \Nof the growth society alltogether.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:41.60,0:48:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anti-Growth is a provocative\Nslogan that will break -
Dialogue: 0,0:48:45.28,0:48:49.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way of thought
Dialogue: 0,0:48:49.79,0:48:55.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that considers infine growth \Nto be possible and sustainable.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:55.54,0:49:00.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It marks the necessity\Nto change our logic.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:02.88,0:49:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The main message of anti-growth is
Dialogue: 0,0:49:06.07,0:49:10.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reduce our environmental footprint, -
Dialogue: 0,0:49:10.41,0:49:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- our waste, overproduction\Nand overconsumption.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:16.00,0:49:21.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By reducing production and consumption\Nwe get more free time -
Dialogue: 0,0:49:21.71,0:49:24.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- to develop other forms of wealth
Dialogue: 0,0:49:24.82,0:49:29.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can't be exhausted, -
Dialogue: 0,0:49:29.68,0:49:31.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- for example\Nfriendship and learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:35.44,0:49:37.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:49:37.34,0:49:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:49:40.00,0:49:43.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:49:43.21,0:49:45.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,....
Dialogue: 0,0:49:45.18,0:49:47.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:49:47.68,0:49:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:49:50.90,0:49:53.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...
Dialogue: 0,0:49:57.57,0:50:02.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If happiness was dependent\Non our consumption level, -
Dialogue: 0,0:50:02.13,0:50:05.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we should be 100% content.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:05.92,0:50:10.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We consume 26 times more\Nthan in Marx's time.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:10.69,0:50:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But all studies show
Dialogue: 0,0:50:12.73,0:50:15.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people are not 20 times happier.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:15.35,0:50:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because happiness is always subjective.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:22.01,0:50:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Critics of degrowth say that\Nit will destroy our modern economy
Dialogue: 0,0:50:27.00,0:50:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and would take us straight \Nback to the Stone Age.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:32.00,0:50:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To return to a society\Nof sustainable development -
Dialogue: 0,0:50:34.01,0:50:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To return to a society\Nof sustainable development -
Dialogue: 0,0:50:39.00,0:50:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- is not to go back to the\NStone Age, but to the 1960s.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:43.00,0:50:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- is not to go back to the\NStone Age, but to the 1960s.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:46.00,0:50:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is far from the Stone Age.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:52.00,0:50:56.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anti-Growth Society meets\NGhandi's vision:
Dialogue: 0,0:50:56.83,0:50:59.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The world is big enough
Dialogue: 0,0:50:59.78,0:51:02.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to satisfy everyone's needs," -
Dialogue: 0,0:51:02.01,0:51:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- "but will always be too small
Dialogue: 0,0:51:03.97,0:51:06.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to satisfy individual greed."
Dialogue: 0,0:51:33.03,0:51:37.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marcos is installing \Nthe russian freeware on his computer.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:41.76,0:51:43.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The new software allowes him
Dialogue: 0,0:51:43.13,0:51:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reset the counter chip \Ninside his printer back to zero.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:49.40,0:51:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The printer inmediately unlocks.