WEBVTT

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Reaksiyanın əmsallaşdırılması, mol kimi

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kimyada ilk öyrədilən mövzülardan biridir.

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Kifayət qədər asan bir mövzu olsa da

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bir çox şagirdə çətin gəlir.

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Bəlkə də biraz qarışıqdır,

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ona görə.

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Əmsallaşdırmaya keçməzdən öncə,
birinci baxaq görək

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kimyəvi reaksiya nədir.

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Bura bir neçəsini yazmışam, birazdan

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başqalarını da görəcəksiz.

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Qısaca, o kimyəvi reaksiyanı təsvir edir.

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Alüminium,

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oksigen qazı və ya ikiatomlu oksigen 
molekulu və sonda

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alüminium oksidimiz var.

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İndi deyəcəksiniz ki, aha reaksiyanın 
nə

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olduğunu başa düşdük.

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Reaksiyaya girənlərimizi yəni

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reaktivlərimiz var.

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Bu da bizim məhsulumuz.

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Başqa nə qaldı?

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Hə bir məsələ qaldı.

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Sol tərəfə bir alüminium atomu və

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iki oksigen atomu yazmışam.

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Bir-birinə bağlıdırlar amma iki oksigen

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atomu var.

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Bir ikiatomlu oksigen molekulunun 
tərkibində,

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bir molekul olsa da 2 oksigen 
atomu yerləşir.

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Onları üst-üstə gələndə, iki alüminium

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atomu və üç oksigen atomu alırıq.

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Yəni tənliyin hər iki tərəfində fərqli
sayda

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alüminium olur.

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Bu tərəfdə bir alüminium,

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bu tərəfdə isə iki alüminium olur. Və

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oksigenlərin sayında da fərq var.

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Bu tərəfdə iki oksigen,

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bu tərəfdə isə üçdür.

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Əmsallaşdırma bu problemin çıxış yoludur.
Yəni

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hər iki tərəfdə eyni sayda alüminium

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və oksigen olmalıdır.

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Aha, bunu etməyə çalışaq.

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Narıncıyla yazaq.

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Dediyim kimi, burada bir,

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burada iki alüminium var.

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Bəlkə, sadəcə bura iki yazmaqla
bu işi həll edərik?

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İndi hər iki tərəfdə iki alüminiumumuz

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oldu.

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Artıq alüminiumların üzü gülür.

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İndi oksigenin üzün güldürək.

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Sol tərəfdə

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iki oksigenimiz var.

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Sağda isə

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üç.

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İndi nə etməliyəm?

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Hə, əgər yarım aotmomuz varsa

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elə 1.5-ə

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vuracağam.

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1.5 vur 2 bərabər oldu 3.

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İndi hər iki tərəfdə üç oksigen və

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iki alüminium oldu.

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İşimiz qutardı?

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Xeyir, əslinə yarım atom və ya 1.5 atom

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deyə bir şey mümkün deyil.

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Doğru səslənmir.

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Belə olduqda, 2-yə vuraraq tam rəqəm

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almalısan.

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İndi, hər iki tərəfi

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ikiyə vuraq.

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Deməli belə, 4 alüminium üstə gəl 
3 oksigen

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əmələ gəlir, iki

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alüminium oksid molekulu.

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İndi soruşa bilərsiniz ki, bəs niyə

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alüminium oksidin sayında heç bir dəyişiklik

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eləmirik?

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Niyə buradakı oksigenin qarşısına 3də 2
yazmıram?

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Belə bir şey mümkün deyil.

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Tənlik necə varsa elə də qalmalıdır.

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Alüminium oksid molekulunu
dəyişə bilmərik.

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Alüminium oksid molekulundakı Alüminium

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oksigen nisbətini dəyişə bilmərik.

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Alüminium oksid molekulunun sayını dəyişə

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bilərsiniz. Biz də dəyişib iki etdik.

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Neynədik?

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Alüminium hər

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tərəfdə iki olmalıdı ona görə qarşısına

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iki yazdıq.

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Oksigendə isə 1.5-ə

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vurub,

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üç oksigen molekulu aldıq.

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Üç oksigen də burada var.

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Sonra dedik ki, 1.5 yazıla bilməz,

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pona görə ikiyə vurduq.

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Və sonda 4 alüminium plus üç oksigen

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molekulu və ya 6 oksigen atomu əmələ
gətirdi,

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2 aluminium oksid molekulu.

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Gəlin başqalarını da yazaq.

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Aha, burada etilenimiz var.

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Mötərizədəki q hərfi

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qaz olduğunu

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göstərir.

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Deməli etilen qazı üstə gəl oksigen qazı 
əmələ gəldi karbondioksid

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üstə gəl su.

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Oradakı l hərfi maye halda olan 
suyu göstərir.

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Hə, indi nə edəcəyik?

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Birinci mürəkkəb molekullardan başlayın,

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daha sonra tək atomlu molekulları

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tamalayarsınız.

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Çünki onları dəyişdirmək çox asandır.

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Tutaq ki,

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karbonların sayını

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düzəldirik, əgər bura rəqəm yazsam, 
eyni zamanda

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hidrogenlərin sayı da
dəyişmiş olur.

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