1
00:00:00,710 --> 00:00:04,200
Reaksiyanın əmsallaşdırılması, mol kimi

2
00:00:04,200 --> 00:00:06,700
kimyada ilk öyrədilən mövzülardan biridir.

3
00:00:06,700 --> 00:00:09,250
Kifayət qədər asan bir mövzu olsa da

4
00:00:09,250 --> 00:00:12,430
bir çox şagirdə çətin gəlir.

5
00:00:12,430 --> 00:00:13,970
Bəlkə də biraz qarışıqdır,

6
00:00:13,970 --> 00:00:15,350
ona görə.

7
00:00:15,350 --> 00:00:17,790
Əmsallaşdırmaya keçməzdən öncə,
birinci baxaq görək

8
00:00:17,790 --> 00:00:18,920
kimyəvi reaksiya nədir.

9
00:00:18,920 --> 00:00:20,660
Bura bir neçəsini yazmışam, birazdan

10
00:00:20,660 --> 00:00:22,180
başqalarını da görəcəksiz.

11
00:00:22,180 --> 00:00:24,750
Qısaca, o kimyəvi reaksiyanı təsvir edir.

12
00:00:24,750 --> 00:00:25,720
Alüminium,

13
00:00:25,720 --> 00:00:30,600
oksigen qazı və ya ikiatomlu oksigen 
molekulu və sonda

14
00:00:30,600 --> 00:00:32,860
alüminium oksidimiz var.

15
00:00:32,860 --> 00:00:34,850
İndi deyəcəksiniz ki, aha reaksiyanın 
nə

16
00:00:34,850 --> 00:00:35,830
olduğunu başa düşdük.

17
00:00:35,830 --> 00:00:38,700
Reaksiyaya girənlərimizi yəni

18
00:00:38,700 --> 00:00:40,240
reaktivlərimiz var.

19
00:00:40,240 --> 00:00:42,510
Bu da bizim məhsulumuz.

20
00:00:42,510 --> 00:00:44,090
Başqa nə qaldı?

21
00:00:44,090 --> 00:00:45,400
Hə bir məsələ qaldı.

22
00:00:45,400 --> 00:00:47,770
Sol tərəfə bir alüminium atomu və

23
00:00:47,770 --> 00:00:51,550
iki oksigen atomu yazmışam.

24
00:00:51,550 --> 00:00:53,700
Bir-birinə bağlıdırlar amma iki oksigen

25
00:00:53,700 --> 00:00:54,250
atomu var.

26
00:00:54,250 --> 00:00:59,270
Bir ikiatomlu oksigen molekulunun 
tərkibində,

27
00:00:59,270 --> 00:01:01,540
bir molekul olsa da 2 oksigen 
atomu yerləşir.

28
00:01:01,540 --> 00:01:05,030
Onları üst-üstə gələndə, iki alüminium

29
00:01:05,030 --> 00:01:07,020
atomu və üç oksigen atomu alırıq.

30
00:01:07,020 --> 00:01:09,550
Yəni tənliyin hər iki tərəfində fərqli
sayda

31
00:01:09,550 --> 00:01:10,510
alüminium olur.

32
00:01:10,510 --> 00:01:12,470
Bu tərəfdə bir alüminium,

33
00:01:12,470 --> 00:01:14,810
bu tərəfdə isə iki alüminium olur. Və

34
00:01:14,810 --> 00:01:15,850
oksigenlərin sayında da fərq var.

35
00:01:15,850 --> 00:01:17,580
Bu tərəfdə iki oksigen,

36
00:01:17,580 --> 00:01:19,360
bu tərəfdə isə üçdür.

37
00:01:19,360 --> 00:01:22,700
Əmsallaşdırma bu problemin çıxış yoludur.
Yəni

38
00:01:22,700 --> 00:01:24,990
hər iki tərəfdə eyni sayda alüminium

39
00:01:24,990 --> 00:01:28,245
və oksigen olmalıdır.

40
00:01:28,245 --> 00:01:30,200
Aha, bunu etməyə çalışaq.

41
00:01:30,200 --> 00:01:31,960
Narıncıyla yazaq.

42
00:01:31,960 --> 00:01:35,100
Dediyim kimi, burada bir,

43
00:01:35,100 --> 00:01:36,600
burada iki alüminium var.

44
00:01:36,600 --> 00:01:39,130
Bəlkə, sadəcə bura iki yazmaqla
bu işi həll edərik?

45
00:01:39,130 --> 00:01:42,990
İndi hər iki tərəfdə iki alüminiumumuz

46
00:01:42,990 --> 00:01:44,290
oldu.

47
00:01:44,290 --> 00:01:45,400
Artıq alüminiumların üzü gülür.

48
00:01:45,400 --> 00:01:47,060
İndi oksigenin üzün güldürək.

49
00:01:47,060 --> 00:01:49,880
Sol tərəfdə

50
00:01:49,880 --> 00:01:51,080
iki oksigenimiz var.

51
00:01:51,080 --> 00:01:52,900
Sağda isə

52
00:01:52,900 --> 00:01:54,280
üç.

53
00:01:54,280 --> 00:01:55,560
İndi nə etməliyəm?

54
00:01:55,560 --> 00:01:58,960
Hə, əgər yarım aotmomuz varsa

55
00:01:58,960 --> 00:02:01,840
elə 1.5-ə

56
00:02:01,840 --> 00:02:03,910
vuracağam.

57
00:02:03,910 --> 00:02:06,190
1.5 vur 2 bərabər oldu 3.

58
00:02:06,190 --> 00:02:09,600
İndi hər iki tərəfdə üç oksigen və

59
00:02:09,600 --> 00:02:12,180
iki alüminium oldu.

60
00:02:12,180 --> 00:02:13,210
İşimiz qutardı?

61
00:02:13,210 --> 00:02:15,940
Xeyir, əslinə yarım atom və ya 1.5 atom

62
00:02:15,940 --> 00:02:17,130
deyə bir şey mümkün deyil.

63
00:02:17,130 --> 00:02:18,270
Doğru səslənmir.

64
00:02:18,270 --> 00:02:20,480
Belə olduqda, 2-yə vuraraq tam rəqəm

65
00:02:20,480 --> 00:02:21,145
almalısan.

66
00:02:21,145 --> 00:02:23,230
İndi, hər iki tərəfi

67
00:02:23,230 --> 00:02:26,070
ikiyə vuraq.

68
00:02:26,070 --> 00:02:37,700
Deməli belə, 4 alüminium üstə gəl 
3 oksigen

69
00:02:37,700 --> 00:02:40,210
əmələ gəlir, iki

70
00:02:40,210 --> 00:02:45,090
alüminium oksid molekulu.

71
00:02:45,090 --> 00:02:47,780
İndi soruşa bilərsiniz ki, bəs niyə

72
00:02:47,780 --> 00:02:50,950
alüminium oksidin sayında heç bir dəyişiklik

73
00:02:50,950 --> 00:02:51,860
eləmirik?

74
00:02:51,860 --> 00:02:54,940
Niyə buradakı oksigenin qarşısına 3də 2
yazmıram?

75
00:02:54,940 --> 00:02:56,640
Belə bir şey mümkün deyil.

76
00:02:56,640 --> 00:02:58,380
Tənlik necə varsa elə də qalmalıdır.

77
00:02:58,380 --> 00:03:00,720
Alüminium oksid molekulunu
dəyişə bilmərik.

78
00:03:00,720 --> 00:03:04,630
Alüminium oksid molekulundakı Alüminium

79
00:03:04,630 --> 00:03:07,310
oksigen nisbətini dəyişə bilmərik.

80
00:03:07,310 --> 00:03:11,320
Alüminium oksid molekulunun sayını dəyişə

81
00:03:11,320 --> 00:03:13,460
bilərsiniz. Biz də dəyişib iki etdik.

82
00:03:13,460 --> 00:03:14,000
Neynədik?

83
00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:14,800
Alüminium hər

84
00:03:14,800 --> 00:03:17,060
tərəfdə iki olmalıdı ona görə qarşısına

85
00:03:17,060 --> 00:03:18,660
iki yazdıq.

86
00:03:18,660 --> 00:03:20,550
Oksigendə isə 1.5-ə

87
00:03:20,550 --> 00:03:23,310
vurub,

88
00:03:23,310 --> 00:03:26,340
üç oksigen molekulu aldıq.

89
00:03:26,340 --> 00:03:27,880
Üç oksigen də burada var.

90
00:03:27,880 --> 00:03:30,400
Sonra dedik ki, 1.5 yazıla bilməz,

91
00:03:30,400 --> 00:03:32,540
pona görə ikiyə vurduq.

92
00:03:32,540 --> 00:03:37,360
Və sonda 4 alüminium plus üç oksigen

93
00:03:37,360 --> 00:03:41,980
molekulu və ya 6 oksigen atomu əmələ
gətirdi,

94
00:03:41,980 --> 00:03:43,660
2 aluminium oksid molekulu.

95
00:03:43,660 --> 00:03:46,070
Gəlin başqalarını da yazaq.

96
00:03:46,070 --> 00:03:48,270
Aha, burada etilenimiz var.

97
00:03:48,270 --> 00:03:50,200
Mötərizədəki q hərfi

98
00:03:50,200 --> 00:03:50,930
qaz olduğunu

99
00:03:50,930 --> 00:03:53,390
göstərir.

100
00:03:53,390 --> 00:03:58,340
Deməli etilen qazı üstə gəl oksigen qazı 
əmələ gəldi karbondioksid

101
00:03:58,340 --> 00:04:00,090
üstə gəl su.

102
00:04:00,090 --> 00:04:02,410
Oradakı l hərfi maye halda olan 
suyu göstərir.

103
00:04:02,410 --> 00:04:04,640
Hə, indi nə edəcəyik?

104
00:04:04,640 --> 00:04:07,440
Birinci mürəkkəb molekullardan başlayın,

105
00:04:07,440 --> 00:04:11,140
daha sonra tək atomlu molekulları

106
00:04:11,140 --> 00:04:13,000
tamalayarsınız.

107
00:04:13,000 --> 00:04:15,180
Çünki onları dəyişdirmək çox asandır.

108
00:04:15,180 --> 00:04:17,139
Tutaq ki,

109
00:04:17,139 --> 00:04:19,680
karbonların sayını

110
00:04:19,680 --> 00:04:22,680
düzəldirik, əgər bura rəqəm yazsam, 
eyni zamanda

111
00:04:22,680 --> 00:04:24,680
hidrogenlərin sayı da
dəyişmiş olur.

112
00:04:24,680 --> 00:04:26,140


113
00:04:26,140 --> 00:04:28,720


114
00:04:28,720 --> 00:04:30,630


115
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116
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117
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118
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119
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121
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124
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125
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126
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127
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128
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129
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130
00:05:05,000 --> 00:05:08,070


131
00:05:08,070 --> 00:05:11,370


132
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133
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134
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135
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136
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137
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138
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139
00:05:29,310 --> 00:05:30,850


140
00:05:30,850 --> 00:05:35,800


141
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142
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143
00:05:41,970 --> 00:05:44,290


144
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145
00:05:44,980 --> 00:05:49,450


146
00:05:49,450 --> 00:05:52,170


147
00:05:52,170 --> 00:05:56,270


148
00:05:56,270 --> 00:05:56,845


149
00:05:56,845 --> 00:05:58,950


150
00:05:58,950 --> 00:06:01,290


151
00:06:01,290 --> 00:06:02,560


152
00:06:02,560 --> 00:06:03,420


153
00:06:03,420 --> 00:06:05,330


154
00:06:05,330 --> 00:06:07,820


155
00:06:07,820 --> 00:06:11,020


156
00:06:11,020 --> 00:06:13,430


157
00:06:13,430 --> 00:06:15,770


158
00:06:15,770 --> 00:06:18,460


159
00:06:18,460 --> 00:06:20,410


160
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161
00:06:21,690 --> 00:06:22,855


162
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163
00:06:30,110 --> 00:06:31,810


164
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165
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166
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167
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168
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169
00:06:46,840 --> 00:06:49,270


170
00:06:49,270 --> 00:06:51,320


171
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172
00:06:58,510 --> 00:07:00,575


173
00:07:00,575 --> 00:07:03,230


174
00:07:03,230 --> 00:07:05,280


175
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176
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177
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178
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179
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180
00:07:14,090 --> 00:07:15,900


181
00:07:15,900 --> 00:07:16,910


182
00:07:16,910 --> 00:07:18,420


183
00:07:18,420 --> 00:07:21,130


184
00:07:21,130 --> 00:07:23,400


185
00:07:23,400 --> 00:07:28,090


186
00:07:28,090 --> 00:07:30,470


187
00:07:30,470 --> 00:07:33,520


188
00:07:33,520 --> 00:07:36,060


189
00:07:36,060 --> 00:07:40,330


190
00:07:40,330 --> 00:07:45,590


191
00:07:45,590 --> 00:07:48,780


192
00:07:48,780 --> 00:07:52,230


193
00:07:52,230 --> 00:07:56,240


194
00:07:56,240 --> 00:07:57,580


195
00:07:57,580 --> 00:08:00,190


196
00:08:00,190 --> 00:08:02,060


197
00:08:02,060 --> 00:08:07,200


198
00:08:07,200 --> 00:08:07,860


199
00:08:07,860 --> 00:08:09,790


200
00:08:09,790 --> 00:08:11,590


201
00:08:11,590 --> 00:08:13,130


202
00:08:13,130 --> 00:08:15,575


203
00:08:15,575 --> 00:08:19,360


204
00:08:19,360 --> 00:08:19,690


205
00:08:19,690 --> 00:08:21,620


206
00:08:21,620 --> 00:08:25,290


207
00:08:25,290 --> 00:08:27,640


208
00:08:27,640 --> 00:08:30,830


209
00:08:30,830 --> 00:08:32,870


210
00:08:32,870 --> 00:08:34,059


211
00:08:34,059 --> 00:08:35,820


212
00:08:35,820 --> 00:08:38,429


213
00:08:38,429 --> 00:08:40,559


214
00:08:40,559 --> 00:08:42,409


215
00:08:42,409 --> 00:08:45,760


216
00:08:45,760 --> 00:08:46,960


217
00:08:46,960 --> 00:08:50,800


218
00:08:50,800 --> 00:09:00,580


219
00:09:00,580 --> 00:09:07,520


220
00:09:07,520 --> 00:09:10,200


221
00:09:10,200 --> 00:09:18,920


222
00:09:18,920 --> 00:09:21,600


223
00:09:21,600 --> 00:09:22,630


224
00:09:22,630 --> 00:09:23,830


225
00:09:23,830 --> 00:09:25,980


226
00:09:25,980 --> 00:09:28,180


227
00:09:28,180 --> 00:09:29,520


228
00:09:29,520 --> 00:09:31,420


229
00:09:31,420 --> 00:09:33,630


230
00:09:33,630 --> 00:09:36,100


231
00:09:36,100 --> 00:09:37,640


232
00:09:40,150 --> 00:09:41,420


233
00:09:41,420 --> 00:09:44,190


234
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235
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236
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237
00:09:53,010 --> 00:09:56,000


238
00:09:56,000 --> 00:09:58,230


239
00:09:58,230 --> 00:10:00,260


240
00:10:00,260 --> 00:10:02,130


241
00:10:02,130 --> 00:10:05,660


242
00:10:05,660 --> 00:10:07,980


243
00:10:07,980 --> 00:10:10,775


244
00:10:10,775 --> 00:10:13,030


245
00:10:13,030 --> 00:10:13,590


246
00:10:13,590 --> 00:10:15,850


247
00:10:15,850 --> 00:10:17,950


248
00:10:17,950 --> 00:10:24,190


249
00:10:24,190 --> 00:10:25,260


250
00:10:25,260 --> 00:10:30,000


251
00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:35,170


252
00:10:35,170 --> 00:10:35,480


253
00:10:35,480 --> 00:10:39,580


254
00:10:39,580 --> 00:10:42,740


255
00:10:42,740 --> 00:10:44,010


256
00:10:44,010 --> 00:10:45,410


257
00:10:45,410 --> 00:10:48,230


258
00:10:48,230 --> 00:10:52,230


259
00:10:52,230 --> 00:11:03,390


260
00:11:03,390 --> 00:11:07,690


261
00:11:07,690 --> 00:11:15,070


262
00:11:15,070 --> 00:11:15,940


263
00:11:15,940 --> 00:11:18,070


264
00:11:21,140 --> 00:11:22,390


265
00:11:26,450 --> 00:11:28,870


266
00:11:28,870 --> 00:11:32,040


267
00:11:32,040 --> 00:11:33,830


268
00:11:33,830 --> 00:11:36,040


269
00:11:36,040 --> 00:11:37,300


270
00:11:37,300 --> 00:11:39,000


271
00:11:39,000 --> 00:11:40,820


272
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273
00:11:45,190 --> 00:11:47,630


274
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275
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276
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277
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278
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279
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280
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281
00:12:13,250 --> 00:12:14,500


282
00:12:19,710 --> 00:12:21,040


283
00:12:21,040 --> 00:12:23,960


284
00:12:23,960 --> 00:12:28,733


285
00:12:35,950 --> 00:12:37,160


286
00:12:37,160 --> 00:12:41,270


287
00:12:41,270 --> 00:12:42,840


288
00:12:42,840 --> 00:12:43,725


289
00:12:43,725 --> 00:12:46,770


290
00:12:46,770 --> 00:12:48,910


291
00:12:48,910 --> 00:12:52,200


292
00:12:52,200 --> 00:12:53,790


293
00:12:57,090 --> 00:13:01,350


294
00:13:01,350 --> 00:13:03,420


295
00:13:03,420 --> 00:13:05,760


296
00:13:05,760 --> 00:13:09,490


297
00:13:09,490 --> 00:13:16,450


298
00:13:16,450 --> 00:13:21,540


299
00:13:21,540 --> 00:13:28,570


300
00:13:32,270 --> 00:13:39,540


301
00:13:39,540 --> 00:13:40,670


302
00:13:40,670 --> 00:13:43,800


303
00:13:43,800 --> 00:13:47,750


304
00:13:47,750 --> 00:13:51,700


305
00:13:51,700 --> 00:13:52,540


306
00:13:52,540 --> 00:13:53,940


307
00:13:53,940 --> 00:13:54,890


308
00:13:54,890 --> 00:13:56,920


309
00:13:56,920 --> 00:13:58,990


310
00:13:58,990 --> 00:14:02,350


311
00:14:02,350 --> 00:14:04,300


312
00:14:04,300 --> 00:14:06,650


313
00:14:06,650 --> 00:14:11,030


314
00:14:11,030 --> 00:14:14,060


315
00:14:14,060 --> 00:14:15,865


316
00:14:15,865 --> 00:14:18,160


317
00:14:18,160 --> 00:14:20,790


318
00:14:20,790 --> 00:14:22,440


319
00:14:22,440 --> 00:14:24,350


320
00:14:24,350 --> 00:14:27,260