[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.26,0:00:03.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[This talk contains mature content]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.01,0:00:06.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Six years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.53,0:00:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I discovered something that scientists\Nhave been wanting to know for years.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.54,0:00:13.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you capture the attention
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.54,0:00:16.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a roomful of extremely\Nbored teenagers?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.88,0:00:21.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It turns out all you have to do\Nis mention the word pornography.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.59,0:00:22.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.80,0:00:25.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me tell you how I first learned this.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.12,0:00:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2012, I was sitting in a crowded room\Nfull of high school students
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.18,0:00:31.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who were attending\Nan after-school program in Boston.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.97,0:00:34.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my job, as guest speaker for the day,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.24,0:00:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was to inspire them to think\Nabout how exciting it would be
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.27,0:00:39.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have a career in public health.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.98,0:00:41.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem was,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.27,0:00:42.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as I looked at their faces,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.95,0:00:45.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could see that their eyes\Nwere glazing over
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.60,0:00:47.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they were just tuning out.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.80,0:00:49.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It didn't even matter that I wore
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.40,0:00:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I thought was\Nmy cool outfit that day.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.08,0:00:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was just losing my audience.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.59,0:00:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, then one of the adults\Nwho worked for the program said,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.08,0:01:01.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Aren't you doing some research\Nabout pornography?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.93,0:01:03.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe tell them about that."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.72,0:01:08.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of a sudden, that room\Nfull of high school students exploded
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.40,0:01:10.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into laughter, high fives,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.77,0:01:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think there were some\Nloud hooting noises.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.75,0:01:17.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all anyone had done\Nwas say that one word - pornography.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.14,0:01:20.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That moment would prove to be\Nan important turning point
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.85,0:01:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for me and my professional mission\Nof finding solutions
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.56,0:01:25.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to end dating and sexual violence.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.51,0:01:29.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At that point, I'd been working\Nfor more than a decade
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.44,0:01:32.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on this seemingly intractable problem\Nof dating violence.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.100,0:01:36.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Data from the US Centers\Nfor Disease Control and Prevention
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.13,0:01:40.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,demonstrate that one in five\Nhigh school-attending youth
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.70,0:01:44.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,experience physical and/or sexual abuse
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.18,0:01:47.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by a dating partner each year in the US.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.05,0:01:50.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That makes dating violence more prevalent
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.20,0:01:52.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than being bullied on school property,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.87,0:01:55.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seriously considering suicide,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.14,0:01:56.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even vaping,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.52,0:01:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in that same population.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.80,0:02:01.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But solutions were proving elusive.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.20,0:02:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was working with a research team
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.18,0:02:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was hunting for novel\Nanswers to the question,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.35,0:02:09.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what's causing dating abuse\Nand how do we stop it?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.70,0:02:13.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of he research studies\Nthat we were working on at the time
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.66,0:02:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happened to include a few questions\Nabout pornography.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.68,0:02:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And something unexpected\Nwas emerging from our findings.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.55,0:02:24.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eleven percent of the teen\Ngirls in our sample
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.86,0:02:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reported that they had been\Nforced or threatened
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.55,0:02:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do sexual things that\Nthe perpetrator saw in pornography.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.76,0:02:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That got me curious.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.30,0:02:38.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Was pornography to blame\Nfor any percentage of dating violence?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.14,0:02:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or was it more like a coincidence\Nthat the pornography users
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.05,0:02:46.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also happen to be more unlikely\Nto be in unhealthy relationship?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.62,0:02:50.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I investigated by reading\Neverything that I could,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.57,0:02:52.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the peer-reviewed literature,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.34,0:02:54.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by conducting my own research.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.75,0:02:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to know
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.95,0:02:58.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what kinds of sexually explicit media\Nyouth were watching,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.70,0:03:00.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how often and why,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.46,0:03:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see if I could piece together
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.08,0:03:04.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it was part of the reason that\Nfor so many of them
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.83,0:03:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dating relationships\Nwere apparently unhealthy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.38,0:03:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As I read, I tried to keep an open mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.06,0:03:14.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though there were plenty\Nof members of the public
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.63,0:03:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who'd already made up\Ntheir mind about the issue.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.33,0:03:21.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why would I keep an open mind\Nabout pornography?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.23,0:03:23.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I'm a trained social scientist,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.73,0:03:26.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it's my job to be objective.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.75,0:03:29.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I'm also what people\Ncall sex positive.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.19,0:03:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means that\NI fully support people's right
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.66,0:03:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to enjoy whatever kind of sex life\Nand sexuality they find fulfilling,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.07,0:03:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no matter what it involves,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.10,0:03:43.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as long as it includes\Nthe enthusiastic consent
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.42,0:03:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of all parties involved.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.07,0:03:50.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That said, I personally wasn't inclined\Ntowards watching pornography.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.57,0:03:53.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd seen some, didn't really\Ndo anything for me.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.36,0:03:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as a mom of two\Nsoon to be teenage children,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.40,0:03:58.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had my own concerns
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.20,0:04:01.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what seeing pornography\Ncould do to them.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.29,0:04:03.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I noticed that
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.50,0:04:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while there were a lot of people\Nwho were denouncing pornography,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.58,0:04:09.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were also people who were\Nstaunch defenders of it
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.21,0:04:10.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a variety of reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.49,0:04:13.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in my scholarly exploration,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.46,0:04:16.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I genuinely tried to understand,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.19,0:04:20.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was pornography bad for you\Nor was it good for you?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.64,0:04:24.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Was it misogynist or was it empowering?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.83,0:04:28.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there was not one singular answer\Nthat emerged clearly.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.49,0:04:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was one longitudinal study\Nthat had me really worried,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.73,0:04:36.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that showed that teenagers\Nwho saw pornography
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.28,0:04:39.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were subsequently more likely\Nto perpetrate sexual violence.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.65,0:04:41.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the design of the study
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.21,0:04:44.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn't allow for definitive\Ncausal conclusions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.47,0:04:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there were other studies\Nthat did not find
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.51,0:04:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that adolescent pornography use
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.43,0:04:51.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was associated with certain\Nnegative outcomes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.17,0:04:54.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even though there were other studies\Nthat did find that.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.93,0:04:56.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as I spoke to other experts,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.91,0:05:01.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I felt tremendous pressure\Nto pick a side about pornography.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.05,0:05:03.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Join one team or the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.15,0:05:07.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was even told that\Nit was weak-minded of me
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.07,0:05:11.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not to be able to pick out the one\Ncorrect answer about pornography.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.05,0:05:13.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was complicated,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.25,0:05:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there is an industry
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.12,0:05:19.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is capitalizing\Noff of audience's fascination
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.76,0:05:24.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with seeing women, in particular,\Nnot just having sex,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.53,0:05:29.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but being chocked, gagged, slapped,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.08,0:05:32.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spit upon, ejaculated upon,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.83,0:05:36.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called degrading names\Nover and over during sex,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.90,0:05:39.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not always clearly with their consent.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.34,0:05:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most people would agree\Nthat we have a serious problem
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.04,0:05:47.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with misogyny, sexual violence\Nand rape in this country,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.20,0:05:51.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and pornography probably\Nisn't helping with any of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.82,0:05:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a critically important\Nproblem to me was that
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.90,0:05:56.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for more than a century,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.48,0:06:00.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the anti-pornography position\Nhad been used as a pretext
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.39,0:06:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for discriminating\Nagainst gays and lesbians
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.00,0:06:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or people who have kinks or have fetishes.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.84,0:06:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I could see why, on the one hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.90,0:06:13.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we might be very worried about\Nthe messages that pornography is sending,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.04,0:06:14.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and on the other hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.40,0:06:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why we might be really worried\Nabout going overboard indicting it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.82,0:06:20.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the next two years,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.31,0:06:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I looked into every scary,\Nhorrifying claim that I could find
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.06,0:06:29.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the average age\Nat which people first see pornography,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.57,0:06:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or what it does to their brains\Nor their sexuality.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.07,0:06:35.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's what I have to report back.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.58,0:06:39.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The free, online mainstream pornography,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.53,0:06:42.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's the kind that teenagers\Nare most likely to see,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.16,0:06:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a completely terrible form\Nof sex education.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.65,0:06:51.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.83,0:06:55.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.15,0:06:59.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's not what it was intended for.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.48,0:07:05.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it probably is not instantly\Npoisoning their minds
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.04,0:07:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or turning them into compulsive users,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.88,0:07:10.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way that some ideologues\Nwould have you believe.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.81,0:07:14.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a rare person who doesn't see\Nsome pornography in their youth.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.20,0:07:17.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the time they're 18 years old,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.51,0:07:22.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,93 percent of first year college males\Nand 62 percent of females
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.44,0:07:24.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have seen pornography at least once.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.23,0:07:26.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And though people like to say
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.86,0:07:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the internet has made\Npornography ubiquitous,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.54,0:07:34.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or basically guarantees\Nthat any young child
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.18,0:07:38.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who's handed a smart phone\Nis definitely going to see pornography,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.22,0:07:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,data don't really support that.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.05,0:07:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A nationally representative study\Nfound that in the year 2000
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.44,0:07:47.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,16 percent of 10 to 13-year-old youth
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.80,0:07:50.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reported that they'd seen\Npornography in the past year.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.87,0:07:54.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by 2010, that figure had increased.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.07,0:07:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But only to 30 percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.97,0:07:57.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it wasn't everybody.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.20,0:08:02.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our problems with adolescents\Nand sexual violence perpetration
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.43,0:08:04.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not only because of pornography.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.76,0:08:06.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, a recent study
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.30,0:08:09.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,found that adolescents are more likely\Nto see sexualized images
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.83,0:08:13.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in other kinds of media\Nbesides pornography.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.52,0:08:16.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think about all those\Nsexualized video games,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.50,0:08:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or TV shows or music videos.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.42,0:08:24.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it could be exposure\Nto a steady stream of violent media
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.56,0:08:28.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that instead of or in addition to\Nthe sexualized images
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.73,0:08:30.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is causing our problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.65,0:08:36.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By focusing on the potential harms\Nof pornography alone,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.44,0:08:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we may be distracting ourselves\Nfrom bigger issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.05,0:08:44.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or missing root causes\Nof dating and sexual violence,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.11,0:08:46.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are the true public health crises.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.10,0:08:49.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That said, even my own research
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.75,0:08:53.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,demonstrates that adolescents\Nare turning to pornography
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.69,0:08:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for education and information about sex.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.42,0:08:58.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's because they can't find
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.78,0:09:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reliable and factual\Ninformation elsewhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.93,0:09:05.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Less than 50 percent of the states\Nin the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.28,0:09:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,require that sex education\Nbe taught in schools,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.11,0:09:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including how to prevent coerced sex.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.09,0:09:14.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And less than half of those states
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.51,0:09:19.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,require that the information presented\Nbe medically accurate.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.51,0:09:22.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in that Boston after-school program,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.78,0:09:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those kids really wanted\Nto talk about sex,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.01,0:09:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they really wanted to talk\Nabout pornography.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.55,0:09:29.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they wanted to talk about those things
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.58,0:09:33.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a whole lot more than they wanted\Nto talk about dating or sexual violence.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.52,0:09:34.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we realized,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.76,0:09:39.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could cover all of the same topics\Nthat we might normally talk about
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.24,0:09:42.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under the guise of healthy\Nrelationships education,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.26,0:09:45.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like, what's a definition\Nof sexual consent?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.46,0:09:49.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, how do you know\Nif you're hurting somebody during sex?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.28,0:09:52.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or what are healthy boundaries to have\Nwhen you're flirting?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.77,0:09:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of these same things we could discuss
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.82,0:09:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by using pornography\Nas the jumping-off point
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.00,0:10:00.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for our conversation.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.54,0:10:04.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's sort of like when adults\Ngive kids a desert like brownies,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.47,0:10:07.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they secretly baked a zucchini\Nor something healthy inside of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.77,0:10:09.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.27,0:10:13.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could talk to the kids\Nabout the healthy stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.08,0:10:14.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the stuff that's good for you,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.56,0:10:17.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but hide it inside a conversation\Nthat was about something
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.36,0:10:19.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they thought\Nthey wanted to be talking about.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.48,0:10:22.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also discovered something
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.05,0:10:24.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we didn't necessarily\Nset out to find,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.61,0:10:29.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is that there's a fantastic way\Nto have a conversation with teenagers
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.28,0:10:30.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about pornography.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.99,0:10:32.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.53,0:10:35.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keep the conversation true to science.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.86,0:10:38.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Admit what we know and what we don't know
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.78,0:10:40.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the impact of pornography.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.96,0:10:44.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Talk about where there are mixed results
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.78,0:10:48.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or where there are weaknesses\Nin the studies that have been conducted.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.11,0:10:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Incite the adolescents to become\Ncritical consumers
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.48,0:10:55.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the research literature on pornography,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.11,0:10:57.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as the pornography itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.55,0:11:00.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That really fits\Nwith adolescent development.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.25,0:11:03.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Adolescents like to question things
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.88,0:11:06.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they like to be invited\Nto think for themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.11,0:11:10.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we realized by starting to experiment,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.32,0:11:14.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,teaching some classes in consent,\Nrespect and pornography,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.31,0:11:19.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that trying to scare adolescents\Ninto a particular point of view
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.66,0:11:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or jam a one-sided argument\Ndown their throat about pornography
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.89,0:11:29.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only probably does not work,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.49,0:11:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but really doesn't model\Nthe kind of respectful,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.95,0:11:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,consensual behavior\Nthat we want them to learn.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.89,0:11:41.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So our approach, what we call\Npornography literacy,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.46,0:11:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is about presenting the truth\Nabout pornography
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.96,0:11:46.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the best of our knowledge,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.91,0:11:50.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,given that there is\Nan ever-changing evidence base.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.66,0:11:55.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When people hear that we teach\Na nine-session, 18-hour class
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.43,0:11:57.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in pornography literacy to teenagers,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.74,0:12:00.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that they either think\Nthat we're sitting kids down
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.54,0:12:03.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and trying to show them\Nhow to watch pornography,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.39,0:12:05.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is not what we do,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.75,0:12:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or that we're part of\Nan anti-pornography activist group
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.14,0:12:12.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's trying to convince them\Nthat if they ever saw pornography,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.27,0:12:15.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it would be the number one\Nworst thing for their health ever.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.16,0:12:16.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's not it, either.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.71,0:12:20.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our secret ingredient\Nis that we're non-judgmental.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.88,0:12:24.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't think that youth\Nshould be watching pornography.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.33,0:12:28.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, above all, we want them\Nto become critical thinkers
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.89,0:12:30.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if and when they do see it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.14,0:12:32.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we've learned,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.40,0:12:35.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the number of requests\Nfor our curriculum and our training,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.89,0:12:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from across the US and beyond,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.62,0:12:42.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there are a lot of parents\Nand a lot of teachers
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.10,0:12:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who really do want to be having\Nthese more nuanced
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.70,0:12:49.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and realistic conversations\Nwith teenagers about pornography.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.63,0:12:54.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've had requests from Utah to Vermont,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.54,0:12:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Alabama, to Hawaii.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.91,0:13:00.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in that after-school program,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.51,0:13:04.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I saw, is that from the minute\Nwe mentioned the word pornography,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.93,0:13:08.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those kids were ready to jump in\Nto a back-and-forth
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.15,0:13:12.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what they did\Nand didn't want to see in pornography,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.15,0:13:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what they did\Nand didn't want to do during sex.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.67,0:13:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what was degrading to women
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.08,0:13:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or unfair to men or racist, all of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.72,0:13:24.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they made some\Nreally sophisticated points.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.42,0:13:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Exactly the kinds of things that\Nwe would want them to be talking about
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.00,0:13:30.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as violence prevention activists.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.05,0:13:35.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as teachers, we might leave\Nthe class one day and think,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.56,0:13:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It is really sad that there's\Nthat one boy in our class
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.27,0:13:43.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who thinks that all women\Nhave orgasms from anal sex."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.67,0:13:47.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we might leave class\Nthe next week and think,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.94,0:13:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I'm really glad that there's\Nthat one kid in our class who's gay,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.10,0:13:57.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who said that seeing his sexuality\Nrepresented in pornography
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.57,0:13:58.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saved his life."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.20,0:14:01.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, "There's that one girl in our class
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.74,0:14:05.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who said that she's feeling\Na lot better about her body,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.15,0:14:10.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because she saw someone shaped like her\Nas the object of desire
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.37,0:14:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in some tame pornography."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.37,0:14:18.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is where I find myself\Nas a violence prevention activist.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.54,0:14:21.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I find myself talking about\Nand researching pornography.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.02,0:14:24.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And though it would be easier
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.51,0:14:26.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if things in life were all\None way or the other,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.85,0:14:30.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I've found in my conversations\Nwith teenagers about pornography
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.85,0:14:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that they remain engaged\Nin these conversations
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.10,0:14:39.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we allow them to grapple\Nwith the complexities.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.90,0:14:43.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And because we're honest\Nabout the science.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.39,0:14:47.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These adolescents may not be adults yet,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.37,0:14:50.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they are living in an adult world.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.16,0:14:53.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they're ready for adult conversations.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.94,0:14:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.12,0:14:59.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)