WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:16.274 [upbeat music] 00:00:19.234 --> 00:00:21.957 Narrator: Alright guys, so this video is going to get into the basics of 00:00:21.957 --> 00:00:26.422 Alpine Glaciers remember we talked about Alpine Glaciers before break and we said 00:00:26.422 --> 00:00:30.152 that Alpine Glaciers are glaciers that were exclusively in the mountains. 00:00:30.152 --> 00:00:32.849 We'll talk about continental glaciers a little bit later on. 00:00:32.849 --> 00:00:35.771 During this video you should make sure you get some good notes on these things 00:00:35.771 --> 00:00:39.087 here, we're going to do some intro and basic stuff, but we're going to mainly 00:00:39.087 --> 00:00:43.725 focus on the erosional features of Alpine Glaciers and we'll also get into 00:00:43.725 --> 00:00:47.517 what happens after the ice melts in a glacier, what do you see in the ground 00:00:47.517 --> 00:00:49.484 after all that ice melt in the glacier. 00:00:49.484 --> 00:00:53.454 We'll talk about what Moraines are, get a quick introduction, again make sure you 00:00:53.454 --> 00:00:56.674 get really good notes here, we're going to cover those notes again in class, we'll 00:00:56.674 --> 00:01:00.463 look at a whole bunch of examples in class, a whole bunch of pictures, I don't 00:01:00.463 --> 00:01:04.632 have any fancy demos or anything to put into this video to incorporate like 00:01:04.632 --> 00:01:08.921 the last few, uh, just because, well, you know, we're not in the mountains here, 00:01:08.921 --> 00:01:11.888 we're in flat lands so it's hard for me pull all that stuff together. 00:01:11.888 --> 00:01:14.542 So, let's go ahead and get into it, if you have any questions feel free to 00:01:14.542 --> 00:01:17.911 send me an email, I'll get back to you as soon as I can. 00:01:17.911 --> 00:01:22.215 Alright, let's take a look at this glacial landscape here, all of this was 00:01:22.215 --> 00:01:25.917 formed by ice, everything you're taking a look at here and something you need to 00:01:25.917 --> 00:01:29.153 keep in mind here is that these mountains didn't start out sharp and jagged 00:01:29.153 --> 00:01:34.424 like this, these mountains transformed into this kind of landscape over many 00:01:34.424 --> 00:01:39.112 thousands of years of weathering because of the glaciers that covered 00:01:39.112 --> 00:01:40.128 this whole area. 00:01:40.128 --> 00:01:43.629 Now, the glaciers that you're looking at right now are much smaller 00:01:43.629 --> 00:01:45.514 than they used to be, how can I tell? 00:01:45.514 --> 00:01:49.501 Because I'm looking at this big, massive, U-shaped valley right here. 00:01:49.501 --> 00:01:54.611 A glacier bulldozed its way down the side of the mountain and made this big, 00:01:54.611 --> 00:01:59.190 huge U-shaped valley, that's something that's very characteristic of glaciers 00:01:59.190 --> 00:02:03.144 is as they move down the mountain in response to gravity and internal 00:02:03.144 --> 00:02:08.089 plastic flow, basil slip, the things we've talked about in class, they bulldoze a 00:02:08.089 --> 00:02:12.222 huge U-shaped valley going down the side of the mountain, there's another one here 00:02:12.222 --> 00:02:15.757 off to the left, and you can also tell a glacier came down here because 00:02:15.757 --> 00:02:20.977 of the big mountain water channel, so a glacier was here, the terminus is about 00:02:20.977 --> 00:02:25.147 right here, right now, but it covers all of this at one time and that's kind-of 00:02:25.147 --> 00:02:29.235 what's difficult to imagine here, is that this was once a rounded top 00:02:29.235 --> 00:02:34.539 mountain and then a glacier came by and through erosional processes, like ice 00:02:34.539 --> 00:02:38.226 wedging and abrasion, it knocked all that down and made these 00:02:38.226 --> 00:02:39.646 sharp jagged peaks. 00:02:39.646 --> 00:02:43.112 What we are going to do is, we're going to go ahead and identify what some of the 00:02:43.112 --> 00:02:47.083 things in here are, define some vocab words and we going to come back to the 00:02:47.083 --> 00:02:49.836 picture and see if you can spot them out. 00:02:49.836 --> 00:02:53.038 Alright, so let's go ahead and get into it, get your notes ready. 00:02:53.038 --> 00:02:56.324 Alright, so let's go ahead and get into some of this vocab, we're going to cover a 00:02:56.324 --> 00:02:57.791 few things here on this slide. 00:02:57.791 --> 00:03:02.279 First of all, I already defined it, the main glacier, this is the biggest part of 00:03:02.279 --> 00:03:06.628 the glacier right there, and then we have some tributary glaciers down here. 00:03:06.628 --> 00:03:10.538 So just like rivers, a tributary glacier is a smaller glacier 00:03:10.538 --> 00:03:12.773 that feeds into a larger glacier. 00:03:12.773 --> 00:03:15.809 If you didn't get that down from the previous slide, make sure you got it. 00:03:15.809 --> 00:03:20.680 Here's our big U-shaped valley, this big erosional valley that the, uh, 00:03:20.680 --> 00:03:25.256 main glacier formed as it bulldozed its way down the mountain, and now we're going 00:03:25.256 --> 00:03:28.903 to also start with a few of the other words that are here, like this one right 00:03:28.903 --> 00:03:36.559 here, Cirque, C I R Q U E, cirque; and here's a cirque right up here, and there's 00:03:36.559 --> 00:03:42.127 another cirque here, and there's another cirque over here and what cirques are, 00:03:42.127 --> 00:03:45.967 are bowl shaped depressions that form because of ice wedging. 00:03:45.967 --> 00:03:49.784 So, what you need to picture is that you have this rounded mountain and there was 00:03:49.784 --> 00:03:55.451 a crack in the mountain, a glacier kind-of wiggled its way into-- or some water 00:03:55.451 --> 00:04:02.579 wiggled its way into that fracture there, got cold, froze, expand, got bigger, 00:04:02.579 --> 00:04:08.364 and then eventually this process is going to keep on happening where you get this 00:04:08.364 --> 00:04:12.539 massive piece of ice embedded into the side of the mountain. 00:04:12.539 --> 00:04:15.813 It's going to make the mountain a little bit less rounded, it's going to make it 00:04:15.813 --> 00:04:19.382 sharp, it's going to make it jagged, but what you're going to wind up with is this 00:04:19.382 --> 00:04:22.411 bowl shaped depression in the side of the mountain right here 00:04:22.411 --> 00:04:25.096 and that's what a cirque is. 00:04:25.096 --> 00:04:29.735 Alright, next we have this word right here, it's called an Arête, it's a French 00:04:29.735 --> 00:04:32.903 word which is why it has the little carrot up there, at least 00:04:32.903 --> 00:04:33.904 I think its French. 00:04:33.904 --> 00:04:40.909 Um, and an Arête is this ridge right its these ridges that separate these small 00:04:40.909 --> 00:04:45.646 tributary glacial valleys right here, all these little ridges that we have 00:04:45.646 --> 00:04:50.490 going on right here, these are Arêtes, and these again are erosional ridges 00:04:50.490 --> 00:04:56.158 and again, our mountain kind-of started out like this at some point, erosion took 00:04:56.158 --> 00:05:03.127 over and we wound up with these separated valleys, these separated glacial valleys, 00:05:03.127 --> 00:05:10.217 divided by this high ridge right here and that's what an Arête is, it's in a ridge 00:05:10.217 --> 00:05:15.321 that's formed by erosion and it generally separates smaller glacial valleys. 00:05:15.321 --> 00:05:19.217 Let's go ahead and take a look here, here's an Arête, here's another Arête 00:05:19.217 --> 00:05:24.765 coming up, and here's another Arête coming up, and when they all join you get a horn, 00:05:24.765 --> 00:05:29.020 and a horn is basically a pointed top to a mountain to a glacial mountain. 00:05:29.020 --> 00:05:33.119 So here's an Arête coming up here, here's an Arête coming up here, here's an 00:05:33.119 --> 00:05:37.776 Arête coming up here, so this is also a horn, it's a pointed 00:05:37.776 --> 00:05:40.107 top to a glacial mountain. 00:05:40.107 --> 00:05:45.278 Now, remember again, it used to be like this, but erosion took over mainly 00:05:45.278 --> 00:05:49.866 ice wedging and abrasion and we wound up with this pointed top mountain 00:05:49.866 --> 00:05:52.636 right here and that would be a horn. 00:05:52.636 --> 00:05:52.886 .