0:00:00.000,0:00:16.274 [upbeat music] 0:00:19.234,0:00:21.957 Narrator: Alright guys, so this [br]video is going to get into the basics of 0:00:21.957,0:00:26.422 Alpine Glaciers remember we talked about[br]Alpine Glaciers before break and we said 0:00:26.422,0:00:30.152 that Alpine Glaciers are glaciers that[br]were exclusively in the mountains. 0:00:30.152,0:00:32.849 We'll talk about continental glaciers a [br]little bit later on. 0:00:32.849,0:00:35.771 During this video you should make sure[br]you get some good notes on these things 0:00:35.771,0:00:39.087 here, we're going to do some intro and[br]basic stuff, but we're going to mainly 0:00:39.087,0:00:43.725 focus on the erosional features of [br]Alpine Glaciers and we'll also get into 0:00:43.725,0:00:47.517 what happens after the ice melts in a[br]glacier, what do you see in the ground 0:00:47.517,0:00:49.484 after all that ice melt in the glacier. 0:00:49.484,0:00:53.454 We'll talk about what Moraines are, get a[br]quick introduction, again make sure you 0:00:53.454,0:00:56.674 get really good notes here, we're going to[br]cover those notes again in class, we'll 0:00:56.674,0:01:00.463 look at a whole bunch of examples in[br]class, a whole bunch of pictures, I don't 0:01:00.463,0:01:04.632 have any fancy demos or anything to put[br]into this video to incorporate like 0:01:04.632,0:01:08.921 the last few, uh, just because, well, you[br]know, we're not in the mountains here, 0:01:08.921,0:01:11.888 we're in flat lands so it's hard for me[br]pull all that stuff together. 0:01:11.888,0:01:14.542 So, let's go ahead and get into it, if you[br]have any questions feel free to 0:01:14.542,0:01:17.911 send me an email, I'll get back to you[br]as soon as I can. 0:01:17.911,0:01:22.215 Alright, let's take a look at this [br]glacial landscape here, all of this was 0:01:22.215,0:01:25.917 formed by ice, everything you're taking a[br]look at here and something you need to 0:01:25.917,0:01:29.153 keep in mind here is that these mountains[br]didn't start out sharp and jagged 0:01:29.153,0:01:34.424 like this, these mountains transformed[br]into this kind of landscape over many 0:01:34.424,0:01:39.112 thousands of years of weathering because[br]of the glaciers that covered 0:01:39.112,0:01:40.128 this whole area. 0:01:40.128,0:01:43.629 Now, the glaciers that you're looking at [br]right now are much smaller 0:01:43.629,0:01:45.514 than they used to be, how can I tell? 0:01:45.514,0:01:49.501 Because I'm looking at this big, massive,[br]U-shaped valley right here. 0:01:49.501,0:01:54.611 A glacier bulldozed its way down the[br]side of the mountain and made this big, 0:01:54.611,0:01:59.190 huge U-shaped valley, that's something [br]that's very characteristic of glaciers 0:01:59.190,0:02:03.144 is as they move down the mountain in [br]response to gravity and internal 0:02:03.144,0:02:08.089 plastic flow, basil slip, the things we've[br]talked about in class, they bulldoze a 0:02:08.089,0:02:12.222 huge U-shaped valley going down the side[br]of the mountain, there's another one here 0:02:12.222,0:02:15.757 off to the left, and you can also tell[br]a glacier came down here because 0:02:15.757,0:02:20.977 of the big mountain water channel, so a[br]glacier was here, the terminus is about 0:02:20.977,0:02:25.147 right here, right now, but it covers all[br]of this at one time and that's kind-of 0:02:25.147,0:02:29.235 what's difficult to imagine here,[br]is that this was once a rounded top 0:02:29.235,0:02:34.539 mountain and then a glacier came by and[br]through erosional processes, like ice 0:02:34.539,0:02:38.226 wedging and abrasion, it knocked all that[br]down and made these 0:02:38.226,0:02:39.646 sharp jagged peaks. 0:02:39.646,0:02:43.112 What we are going to do is, we're going to[br]go ahead and identify what some of the 0:02:43.112,0:02:47.083 things in here are, define some vocab[br]words and we going to come back to the 0:02:47.083,0:02:49.836 picture and see if you can spot them out. 0:02:49.836,0:02:53.038 Alright, so let's go ahead and get[br]into it, get your notes ready. 0:02:53.038,0:02:56.324 Alright, so let's go ahead and get into[br]some of this vocab, we're going to cover a 0:02:56.324,0:02:57.791 few things here on this slide. 0:02:57.791,0:03:02.279 First of all, I already defined it, the[br]main glacier, this is the biggest part of 0:03:02.279,0:03:06.628 the glacier right there, and then we have[br]some tributary glaciers down here. 0:03:06.628,0:03:10.538 So just like rivers, a tributary glacier [br]is a smaller glacier 0:03:10.538,0:03:12.773 that feeds into a larger glacier. 0:03:12.773,0:03:15.809 If you didn't get that down from the[br]previous slide, make sure you got it. 0:03:15.809,0:03:20.680 Here's our big U-shaped valley, this big[br]erosional valley that the, uh, 0:03:20.680,0:03:25.256 main glacier formed as it bulldozed its[br]way down the mountain, and now we're going 0:03:25.256,0:03:28.903 to also start with a few of the other[br]words that are here, like this one right 0:03:28.903,0:03:36.559 here, Cirque, C I R Q U E, cirque; and[br]here's a cirque right up here, and there's 0:03:36.559,0:03:42.127 another cirque here, and there's another[br]cirque over here and what cirques are, 0:03:42.127,0:03:45.967 are bowl shaped depressions that form [br]because of ice wedging. 0:03:45.967,0:03:49.784 So, what you need to picture is that you[br]have this rounded mountain and there was 0:03:49.784,0:03:55.451 a crack in the mountain, a glacier kind-of[br]wiggled its way into-- or some water 0:03:55.451,0:04:02.579 wiggled its way into that fracture there,[br]got cold, froze, expand, got bigger, 0:04:02.579,0:04:08.364 and then eventually this process is going[br]to keep on happening where you get this 0:04:08.364,0:04:12.539 massive piece of ice embedded into the[br]side of the mountain. 0:04:12.539,0:04:15.813 It's going to make the mountain a little[br]bit less rounded, it's going to make it 0:04:15.813,0:04:19.382 sharp, it's going to make it jagged, but[br]what you're going to wind up with is this 0:04:19.382,0:04:22.411 bowl shaped depression in the side of the[br]mountain right here 0:04:22.411,0:04:25.096 and that's what a cirque is. 0:04:25.096,0:04:29.735 Alright, next we have this word right [br]here, it's called an Arête, it's a French 0:04:29.735,0:04:32.903 word which is why it has the little [br]carrot up there, at least 0:04:32.903,0:04:33.904 I think its French. 0:04:33.904,0:04:40.909 Um, and an Arête is this ridge right its[br]these ridges that separate these small 0:04:40.909,0:04:45.646 tributary glacial valleys right here,[br]all these little ridges that we have 0:04:45.646,0:04:50.490 going on right here, these are Arêtes,[br]and these again are erosional ridges 0:04:50.490,0:04:56.158 and again, our mountain kind-of started[br]out like this at some point, erosion took 0:04:56.158,0:05:03.127 over and we wound up with these separated [br]valleys, these separated glacial valleys, 0:05:03.127,0:05:10.217 divided by this high ridge right here and[br]that's what an Arête is, it's in a ridge 0:05:10.217,0:05:15.321 that's formed by erosion and it generally [br]separates smaller glacial valleys. 0:05:15.321,0:05:19.217 Let's go ahead and take a look here,[br]here's an Arête, here's another Arête 0:05:19.217,0:05:24.765 coming up, and here's another Arête coming[br]up, and when they all join you get a horn, 0:05:24.765,0:05:29.020 and a horn is basically a pointed top to a[br]mountain to a glacial mountain. 0:05:29.020,0:05:33.119 So here's an Arête coming up here, here's[br]an Arête coming up here, here's an 0:05:33.119,0:05:37.776 Arête coming up here, so this is also[br]a horn, it's a pointed 0:05:37.776,0:05:40.107 top to a glacial mountain. 0:05:40.107,0:05:45.278 Now, remember again, it used to be like[br]this, but erosion took over mainly 0:05:45.278,0:05:49.866 ice wedging and abrasion and we wound up[br]with this pointed top mountain 0:05:49.866,0:05:52.636 right here and that would be a horn. 0:05:52.636,0:05:52.886 .