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[upbeat music]

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Professor: Alright guys, so this 
video is going to get into the basics of

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Alpine Glaciers remember we talked about
Alpine Glaciers before break and we said

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that Alpine Glaciers are glaciers that
were exclusively in the mountains.

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We'll talk about continental glaciers a 
little bit later on.

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During this video you should make sure
you get some good notes on these things

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here, we're going to do some intro and
basic stuff, but we're going to mainly

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focus on the erosional features of 
Alpine Glaciers and we'll also get into

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what happens after the ice melts in a
glacier, what do you see in the ground

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after all that ice melt in the glacier.

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We'll talk about what Moraines are, get a
quick introduction, again make sure you

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get really good notes here, we're going to
cover those notes again in class, we'll

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look at a whole bunch of examples in
class, a whole bunch of pictures, I don't

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have any fancy demos or anything to put
into this video to incorporate like

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the last few, uh, just because, well, you
know, we're not in the mountains here,

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we're in flat lands so it's hard for me
pull all that stuff together.

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So, let's go ahead and get into it, if you
have any questions feel free to

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send me an email, I'll get back to you
as soon as I can.

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Alright, let's take a look at this 
glacial landscape here, all of this was

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formed by ice, everything you're taking a
look at here and something you need to

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keep in mind here is that these mountains
didn't start out sharp and jagged

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like this, these mountains transformed
into this kind of landscape over many

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thousands of years of weathering because
of the glaciers that covered

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this whole area.

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Now, the glaciers that you're looking at 
right now are much smaller

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than they used to be, how can I tell?

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Because I'm looking at this big, massive,
view shaped valley right here.

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A glacier bulldozed its way down the
side of the mountain and made this big,

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huge U-shaped valley, that's something 
that's very characteristic of glaciers

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is as they move down the mountain in 
response to gravidity and internal

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plastic flow, basil slip, the things we've
talked about in class, they bulldoze a

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huge U-shaped valley going down the side
of the mountain, there's another one here

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off to the left, and you can also tell
a glacier came down here because

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of the big mountain water channel, so a
glacier was here, the terminus is about

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right here, right now, but it covers all
of this at one time and that's kind-of

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what's difficult to imagine here,
is that this was once a rounded top

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mountain and then a glacier came by and
through erosional processes, like ice

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wedging and abrasion, it knocked all that
down and made these

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sharp jagged peaks.

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What we are going to do is, we're going to
go ahead and identify what some of the

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things in here are, define some vocab
words and we going to come back to the

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picture and see if you can spot them out.

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Alright, so let's go ahead and get
into it, get your notes ready.

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Alright, so let's go ahead and get into
some of this vocab, we're going to cover a

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few things here on this slide.

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First of all, I already defined it, the
main glacier, this is the biggest part of

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the glacier right there, and then we have
some tributary glaciers down here.

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So just like rivers, tributary glaciers 
are a glacier

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that feeds into a larger glacier.

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If you didn't get that down from the
previous slide, make sure you got it.

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Here's our big U-shaped valley, this big
erosional valley that the, uh,

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main glacier formed as it bulldozed its
way down the mountain, and now we're going

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to also start with a few of the other
words that are here, like this one right

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right, Cirque, C I R Q U E, cirque; and
here's a cirque right up here, and there's

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another cirque here, and there's another
cirque over here and what cirques are,

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are bowl shaped depressions that form 
because of ice wedging.

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So what you need to picture is that you
have this rounded mountain and there's

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a crack in the mountain, a glacier kind-of
wiggled its way into-- or some water

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wiggled its way into that fracture there,
got cold, froze, expand, got bigger,

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and then eventually this process is going
to keep on happening where you get this

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massive piece of ice embedded into the
side of the mountain.

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It's going to make the mountain a little
bit less rounded, it's going to make it

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sharp, it's going to make it jagged, but
what you're going to wind up with is this

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bowl shaped depression in the side of the
mountain right here

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and that's what a cirque is.

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Alright, next we have this word right 
here, it's called an Arête, it's a French

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word which is why it has the little 
carrot up there, at least

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I think its French.

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Um, and an Arête is this ridge right its
these ridges that separate these small

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tributary glacial valleys right here,
all these little ridges that we have

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going on right here, there are Arêtes,
and these again are erosional ridges

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and again, our mountain kind-of started
out like this at some point, erosion took

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over and we wound up with these separated 
valleys, these separated glacial valleys,

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divided by this high ridge right here and
that's what an Arête is, it's in a ridge

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that's formed by erosion and it generally 
separates smaller glacial valleys.

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Let's go ahead and take a look here,
here's an Arête, here's another Arête

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coming up, and here's another Arête coming
up, and when they all join you get a horn,

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and a horn is basically a pointed top to a
mountain to a glacial mountain.

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So here's an Arête coming up here, here's
an Arête coming up here, here's an

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Arête coming up here, so this is also
a horn, it's a pointed

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top to a glacial mountain.

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Now, remember again, it used to be like
this, but erosion took over mainly

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ice wedging and abrasion and we wound up
with this pointed top mountain

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right here and that would be a horn.

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