WEBVTT 00:00:00.130 --> 00:00:02.200 00:00:03.645 --> 00:00:05.600 欢迎观看诺贝尔对谈 00:00:07.250 --> 00:00:10.240 在本集中,Josh Angrist 和 Guido Imbens 00:00:10.240 --> 00:00:11.920 与 Isaiah Andrews 坐下来 00:00:11.920 --> 00:00:14.303 讨论他们的研究最初是如何被接受的 00:00:14.999 --> 00:00:17.090 以及他们如何回应批评 00:00:18.700 --> 00:00:20.380 当时,你有没有觉得 00:00:20.380 --> 00:00:21.627 自己在做一件大事 00:00:21.627 --> 00:00:25.152 认为这会是一整套工程的开端 00:00:25.152 --> 00:00:27.202 而这个工程将会非常重要,还是...? 00:00:27.600 --> 00:00:30.000 说这是一套大工程 00:00:30.000 --> 00:00:31.894 确实,我觉得,“哇,这--” 00:00:32.277 --> 00:00:35.045 我们已经证明了一些 我们从前所不知道的事 00:00:35.045 --> 00:00:36.114 而这是值得知道的 00:00:36.114 --> 00:00:38.033 是,回到... 00:00:38.741 --> 00:00:41.080 与我的就业市场报告或其他东西相比-- 00:00:41.080 --> 00:00:45.560 不,我觉得这实际上 是一个非常清晰的结果 00:00:46.400 --> 00:00:49.657 但肯定会有不同的解释 00:00:49.657 --> 00:00:52.420 我想没有人会说 00:00:52.420 --> 00:00:55.487 “好吧,这是研究人员的噩梦 00:00:56.043 --> 00:00:59.386 00:01:00.230 --> 00:01:02.003 你认为你发现了一些东西, 00:01:02.003 --> 00:01:04.461 然后其他人说,‘哦,我知道。’” 00:01:05.000 --> 00:01:07.220 但绝对有必要让大家相信 00:01:07.220 --> 00:01:10.370 这是值得了解的,工具变量 00:01:10.370 --> 00:01:12.687 估计了依从者的因果效应 00:01:13.200 --> 00:01:16.178 是,即使需要很长时间 00:01:16.178 --> 00:01:19.348 才能说服更多观众 00:01:19.820 --> 00:01:24.346 有时也很快,但在一小群人中的 00:01:24.800 --> 00:01:26.645 接受度还是不错的 00:01:27.200 --> 00:01:31.297 Gary 显然从一开始就非常喜欢这个想法 00:01:31.800 --> 00:01:33.289 我记得… 00:01:33.289 --> 00:01:35.645 因为那时 Josh 已经去了以色列 00:01:35.645 --> 00:01:38.886 但我记得向 Don Rubin 解释过 00:01:39.696 --> 00:01:43.700 他说,“你可知,这不得了啊。" 00:01:43.700 --> 00:01:45.197 虽然不是马上 00:01:45.932 --> 00:01:47.173 Don 经过深思熟虑 00:01:47.500 --> 00:01:49.150 当你和 Don 联系上的时候 00:01:49.150 --> 00:01:51.226 我实际上已经和他 00:01:51.226 --> 00:01:53.304 来回通信过几次 00:01:53.700 --> 00:01:57.103 我记得某天我接到他的电话或电邮 00:01:57.103 --> 00:02:00.020 他说他坐在罗马机场 00:02:00.020 --> 00:02:03.700 看着报纸心想 00:02:03.700 --> 00:02:07.000 “喔,不,你们实际上有了重大的发现。” 00:02:07.490 --> 00:02:08.594 我们对此感到高兴 00:02:08.594 --> 00:02:10.550 但这比我想的还要久才发生 00:02:11.030 --> 00:02:12.500 那不是马上发生的 00:02:12.500 --> 00:02:13.700 00:02:13.700 --> 00:02:15.325 因为我知道那件事发生时 00:02:15.325 --> 00:02:16.627 我已经回到了以色列 00:02:16.627 --> 00:02:18.750 我在那个夏天去了以色列-- 00:02:19.390 --> 00:02:21.190 我在哈佛只呆了两年 00:02:21.190 --> 00:02:22.540 我们一起度过了一年 00:02:22.540 --> 00:02:25.700 不简单啊,我的意思是 这一年对我们来说非常重要 00:02:25.900 --> 00:02:27.200 是的 00:02:27.690 --> 00:02:30.200 我们知道有好事发生了 00:02:30.200 --> 00:02:33.700 但我们不认为那足以改变生活 回想起来才发现 00:02:33.700 --> 00:02:35.620 00:02:35.620 --> 00:02:37.495 00:02:37.495 --> 00:02:39.190 00:02:39.190 --> 00:02:42.190 00:02:43.090 --> 00:02:45.912 00:02:45.912 --> 00:02:47.620 00:02:47.620 --> 00:02:49.331 00:02:50.100 --> 00:02:52.128 00:02:52.128 --> 00:02:54.450 00:02:54.450 --> 00:02:55.751 00:02:55.751 --> 00:02:58.360 00:02:58.360 --> 00:02:59.721 00:02:59.721 --> 00:03:01.119 00:03:01.119 --> 00:03:06.117 00:03:06.117 --> 00:03:07.800 00:03:08.900 --> 00:03:11.324 00:03:11.324 --> 00:03:14.297 00:03:14.297 --> 00:03:20.572 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00:09:18.690 --> 00:09:20.096 00:09:20.096 --> 00:09:21.365 00:09:22.030 --> 00:09:23.375 00:09:24.860 --> 00:09:26.595 00:09:26.595 --> 00:09:29.943 00:09:30.190 --> 00:09:33.460 00:09:33.460 --> 00:09:35.230 00:09:35.230 --> 00:09:37.000 00:09:37.000 --> 00:09:38.310 00:09:38.310 --> 00:09:39.720 00:09:39.720 --> 00:09:41.958 00:09:42.630 --> 00:09:46.000 00:09:46.400 --> 00:09:47.500 00:09:48.671 --> 00:09:50.245 00:09:50.245 --> 00:09:53.348 00:09:53.348 --> 00:09:56.435 00:09:57.200 --> 00:09:59.736 00:10:00.196 --> 00:10:01.376 00:10:01.376 --> 00:10:03.410 00:10:03.410 --> 00:10:04.583 00:10:05.000 --> 00:10:07.000 00:10:07.000 --> 00:10:08.460 00:10:08.460 --> 00:10:09.560 00:10:09.560 --> 00:10:11.100 00:10:11.100 --> 00:10:12.498 00:10:12.498 --> 00:10:15.143 若您想观看其他的诺贝尔对谈视频 00:10:15.143 --> 00:10:16.207 请单击此处 00:10:16.207 --> 00:10:18.409 或者,如果您想了解 计量经济学的更多相关信息 00:10:18.640 --> 00:10:21.240 请查看 Josh 的 Mastering Econometrics 系列视频 00:10:21.800 --> 00:10:24.540 如果您想了解更多关于 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