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Hi everyone.

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Two year ago, my life changed forever.

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My wife Kelsey and I

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welcomed our daughter Lela
into the world.

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Now, becoming a parent
is an amazing experience.

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Your whole world changes over night.

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And all of your priorities
change immediately.

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So fast that it makes it really difficult
to process sometimes.

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Now, you also have to learn
a tremendous amount about being a parent

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like, for example,
how to dress your child.

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(Laughter)

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This was new to me.

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This is an actual outfit, 
I thought this was a good idea.

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And even Lela knows
that it's not a good idea. (Laughter)

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So there is so much to learn and
so much craziness all at once.

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And to add to the craziness, 
Kelsey and I both work from home,

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we're entrepreneurs,
we run our own businesses.

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So, Kelsey develops courses
online for yoga teachers.

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I'm an author.

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And so, I'm working from home,
Kelsey's working from home.

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We have an infant
and we're trying to make sure

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that everything gets done
that needs done.

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And life is really, really busy.

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And a couple of weeks
into this amazing experience,

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when the sleep deprivation
really kicked in,

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like around week eight,

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I had this thought,
and it was the same thought

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that parents across the ages,
internationally,

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everybody has had this thought,
which is:

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I am never going to have
free time ever again.

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(Laughter)

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Somebody said it's true.

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It's not exactly true,

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but it feels really, really true
in that moment.

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And this was really
disconcerning to me,

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because one of the things that I enjoy

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more than anything else
is learning new things.

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Getting curious about something
and diving in

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and fiddling around and 
learning through trial and error.

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And eventually becoming pretty good
at something.

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And without this free time,

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I didn't know how I was ever 
going to do that ever again.

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And so, I'm a big geek,

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I want to keep learning things,
I want to keep growing.

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And so what I've decided to do was,

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go to the library,
and go to the bookstore,

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and look at what research says about

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how we learn and how we learn quickly.

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And I read a bunch of books,
I read a bunch of websites.

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And tried to answer this question,

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how long does it take
to acquire a new skill?

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You know what I found?

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10,000 hours!

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Anybody ever heard this?

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It takes 10,000 hours.
If you want to learn something new,

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if you want to be good at it,

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it's going to take 10,000 hours
to get there.

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And I read this in book after book,
in website after website.

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And my mental experience
of reading all of this stuff was like:

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No!!

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I don't have time!
I don't have 10,000 hours.

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I am never going to be able
to learn anything new.

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Ever again.
(Laughter)

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But that's not true.

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So, 10,000 hours, just to give you
a rough order of magnitude,

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10,000 hours is a full-time job
for five years.

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That's a long time.

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And we've all had the experience
of learning something new,

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and it didn't take us anywhere
close to that amount of time, right?

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So, what's up? There's something
kinda funky going on here.

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What the research says and what we expect,
and have experiences,

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they don't match up.

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And what I found, here's the wrinkle:

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The 10,000 hour rule came out of studies
of expert-level performance.

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There's a professor
at Florida State University,

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his name is K. Anders Ericsson.

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He is the originator
of the 10,00 hour rule.

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And where that came from is,
he studied professional athletes,

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world class musicians,
chess grand masters.

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All of this ultra competitive folks
in ultra-high performing fields.

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And he tried to figure out
how long does it take

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to get to the top
of those kinds of fields.

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And what he found is,
the more deliberate practice,

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the more time
that those individuals spend

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practicing the elements
of whatever it is that they do,

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the more time you spend,
the better you get.

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And the folks at the tippy top
of their fields

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put in around 10,000 hours of practice.

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Now, we were talking about the game
of telephone a little bit earlier.

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Here's what happened:

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an author by the name
of Malcolm Gladwell

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wrote a book in 2007 called
"Outliers: The Story of Success",

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and the central piece of that book
was the 10,000 hour rule.

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Practice a lot, practice well,
and you will do extremely well,

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you will reach the top of your field.

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So, the message,

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what Dr. Ericsson was actually saying is,

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it takes 10,000 hours to get
at the top of an ultra competitive field

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in a very narrow subject,
that's what that means.

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But here's what happened:
ever since Outliers came out,

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immediately came out,
reached the top of best seller lists,

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stayed there for three solid months.

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All of a sudden the 10,000 hour rule
was everywhere.

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And a society-wide game of telephone
started to be played.

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So this message, it takes 10,000 hours
to reach the top of an ultra competitive field,

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became, it takes 10,000 hours
to become an expert at something,

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which became,

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it takes 10,000 hours to become
good at something,

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which became,

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it takes 10,000 hours
to learn something.

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But that last statement,
it takes 10,000 hours to learn something,

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is not true.
It's not true.

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So, what the research actually says --

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I spent a lot of time here
at the CSU library

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in the cognitive psychology stacks
'cause I'm a geek.

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And when you actually look
at the studies of skill acquisition,

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you see over and over
a graph like this.

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Now, researchers,
whether they're studying a motor skill,

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something you do physically
or a mental skill,

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they like to study things
that they can time.

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'Cause you can quantify that, right?

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So, they'll give research participants
a little task,

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something that requires
physical arrangement,

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or something that requires
learning a little mental trick,

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and they'll time how long a participant
takes to complete the skill.

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And here's what this graph says,
when you start --

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so when researchers gave participants
a task, it took them a really long time,

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'cause it was new
and they were horrible.

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With a little bit of practice,
they get better and better and better.

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And that early part of practice
is really, really efficient.

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People get good at things
with just a little bit of practice.

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Now, what's interesting to note is that,

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for skills that we want to learn
for ourselves,

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we don't care so much about time,
right?

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We just care about how good we are,
whatever good happens to mean.

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So if we relabel performance time
to how good you are,

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the graph flips, and you get
his famous and widely known,

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this is the learning curve.

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And the story of the learning curve
is when you start,

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you're grossly incompetent
and you know it, right?

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(Laughter)

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With a little bit of practice,
you get really good, really quick.

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So that early level of improvement
is really fast.

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And then at a certain point
you reach a plateau,

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and the subsequent games
become much harder to get,

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they take more time to get.

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Now, my question is,
I want that, right?

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How long does it take
from starting something

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and being grossly incompetent
and knowing it

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to being reasonably good?

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In hopefully, as short a period of time
as possible.

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So, how long does that take?

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Here's what my research says: 20 hours.

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That's it.
You can go from knowing nothing

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about any skill that you can think of.

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Want to learn a language?
Want to learn how to draw?

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Want to learn how to juggle
flaming chainsaws?

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(Laughter)

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If you put 20 hours of focused
deliberate practice into that thing,

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you will be astounded.

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Astounded at how good you are.

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20 hours is doable,

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that's about 45 minutes a day
for about a month.

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Even skipping a couple days,
here and there.

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20 hours isn't that hard to accumulate.

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Now, there's a method to doing this.

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Because it's not like you can just start
fiddling around for about 20 hours

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and expect these massive improvements.

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There's a way to practice intelligently.

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There's a way to practice efficiently,

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that will make sure that you invest
those 20 hours

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in the most effective way
that you possibly can.

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And here's the method,
it applies to anything:

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The first is to deconstruct the skill.

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Decide exactly what you want
to be able to do when you're done,

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and then look into the skill
and break it down into smaller pieces.

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Most of the things
that we think of as skills

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are actually big bundles of skills
that require all sorts of different things.

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The more you can break apart the skill,

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the more you're able to decide,

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what are the parts of this skill
that would actually help me

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get to what I want?

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And then you can practice those first.

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And if you practice
the most important things first,

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you'll be able to improve
your performance

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in the least amount of time possible.

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The second is, learn enough
to self correct.

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So, get three to five resources
about what it is you're trying to learn.

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Could be book, could be DVDs,
could be courses, could be anything.

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But don't use those as a way
to procrastinate on practice.

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I know I do this, right?

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Get like 20 books about the topic,
like,

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"I'm going to start learning
how to program a computer

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when I complete these 20 books".

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No. That's procrastination.

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What you want to do
is learn just enough

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that you can actually practice

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and self correct or self edit
as you practice.

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So the learning becomes
a way of getting better

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at noticing
when you're making a mistake

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and then doing something
a little different.

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The third is to remove barriers
to practice.

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Distractions, television, internet.

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All of these things
that get in the way

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of you actually sitting down
and doing the work.

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And the more you're able to use
just a little bit of willpower

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to remove the distractions that
are keeping you from practicing,

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the more likely you are to actually
sit down and practice, right?

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And the fourth is to practice
for at least 20 hours.

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Now, most skills have what I call
a frustration barrier.

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You know, the grossly-incompetent-
and-knowing-it part?

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That's really, really frustrating.
We don't like to feel stupid.

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And feeling stupid is a barrier to us 
actually sitting down and doing the work.

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So, by pre-committing to practicing
whatever it is that you want to do

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for at least 20 hours,

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you will be able to overcome
that initial frustration barrier

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and stick with the practice long enough
to actually reap the rewards.

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That's it! It's not rocket science.

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Four very simple steps that
you can use to learn anything.

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Now, this is easy to talk
about in theory,

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but it's more fun to talk about
in practice.

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So one of the things that I've wanted
to learn how to do for a long time

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is play the ukulele.

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Has anybody seen
Jake Shimabukuro's TEDTalk

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where he plays the ukulele
and makes it sound like --

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he's like a ukulele god.

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It's amazing.

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I saw it, I was like,
"That is so cool!"

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It's such a neat instrument.
I would really like to learn how to play.

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And so I decided
that to test this theory

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I wanted to put 20 hours
into practicing ukulele

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and see where it got.

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And so the first thing
about playing the ukulele is,

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in order to practice,
you have to have one, right?

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So, I got an ukulele and
-- My lovely assistant?

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(Laughter)

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Thank you sir.
I think I need the chord here.

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It's not just an ukulele,
it's an electric ukulele. (Laughter)

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Yeah.

240
00:13:40,635 --> 00:13:45,195
So, the first couple hours are just
like the first couple hours of anything.

241
00:13:45,195 --> 00:13:48,554
You have to get the tools
that you are using to practice.

242
00:13:48,554 --> 00:13:50,616
You have to make sure
they're available.

243
00:13:50,616 --> 00:13:52,582
My ukulele didn't come
with strings attached.

244
00:13:52,582 --> 00:13:54,548
I had to figure out
how to put those on.

245
00:13:54,548 --> 00:13:56,515
Like, that's kind of important, right?

246
00:13:56,515 --> 00:13:58,468
And learning how to tune,
learning how to make sure

247
00:13:58,468 --> 00:14:00,321
that all of the things
that need to be done

248
00:14:00,321 --> 00:14:04,515
in order to start practicing
get done, right?

249
00:14:04,515 --> 00:14:11,187
Now, one of the things when I was
ready to actually start practicing

250
00:14:11,187 --> 00:14:15,996
was I looked in online databases
and songbooks for how to play songs.

251
00:14:15,996 --> 00:14:19,088
And they say, okay, ukuleles, you can
play more than one string at a time,

252
00:14:19,088 --> 00:14:20,969
so you can play chords, that's cool,

253
00:14:20,969 --> 00:14:24,242
you are accompanying yourself,
yay you. (Laughter)

254
00:14:24,242 --> 00:14:28,356
And when I started looking at songs,

255
00:14:28,356 --> 00:14:32,471
I had an ukulele chord book
that had like hundreds of chords.

256
00:14:32,471 --> 00:14:35,534
Looking at this and
"Wow, that's intimidating".

257
00:14:35,534 --> 00:14:37,859
But when you look at the actual songs,

258
00:14:37,859 --> 00:14:42,710
you see the same chords
over and over, right?

259
00:14:42,710 --> 00:14:46,299
As it turns out, playing the ukulele
is kind of like doing anything,

260
00:14:46,299 --> 00:14:49,552
There's a very small set of things
that are really important

261
00:14:49,552 --> 00:14:52,422
and techniques that you'll use
all the time.

262
00:14:52,422 --> 00:14:58,420
And in most songs
you'll use four, maybe five chords,

263
00:14:58,420 --> 00:15:00,229
and that's it, that's the song.

264
00:15:00,229 --> 00:15:04,993
You don't have to know hundreds,
as long as you know the four or the five.

265
00:15:04,993 --> 00:15:06,813
So, while I was doing my research,

266
00:15:06,813 --> 00:15:11,264
I found a wonderful little medley
of pop songs

267
00:15:11,264 --> 00:15:16,178
by a band called Axis of Awesome.
(Whistles)

268
00:15:16,178 --> 00:15:19,199
-- Somebody knows it. --

269
00:15:19,199 --> 00:15:23,418
And what Axis of Awesome says
is that you can learn,

270
00:15:23,418 --> 00:15:27,017
or you can play pretty much
any pop song of the past five decades,

271
00:15:27,017 --> 00:15:28,685
if you know four chords,

272
00:15:28,685 --> 00:15:33,062
and those chords are G, D, Em and C.

273
00:15:33,062 --> 00:15:37,931
Four chords pump out
every pop song ever, right?

274
00:15:37,931 --> 00:15:39,401
So I thought, this is cool!

275
00:15:39,401 --> 00:15:42,584
I would like to play
every pop song ever. (Laughter)

276
00:15:42,584 --> 00:15:45,627
So, that was the first song
I decided to learn,

277
00:15:45,627 --> 00:15:49,445
and I would like to actually
share it with you. Ready?

278
00:15:49,445 --> 00:15:51,423
(Applause)
Alright.

279
00:15:51,423 --> 00:15:54,733
(Music)

280
00:16:03,600 --> 00:16:06,104
(Singing)
Just a small town girl,

281
00:16:06,104 --> 00:16:08,878
living in a lonely world,

282
00:16:08,878 --> 00:16:14,652
she took the midnight train
going anywhere.

283
00:16:14,652 --> 00:16:18,209
I heard that you settled down,
(Laughter)

284
00:16:18,209 --> 00:16:21,672
that you found a girl,

285
00:16:21,672 --> 00:16:25,013
that you're married now.

286
00:16:25,013 --> 00:16:27,323
Every night in my dreams
(Laughter)

287
00:16:27,323 --> 00:16:30,496
I see you, I feel you,

288
00:16:30,496 --> 00:16:36,253
that is how I know you go on.
(Laughter)

289
00:16:36,253 --> 00:16:42,227
I won't hesitate no more, no more.
It cannot wait, I'm yours.

290
00:16:42,227 --> 00:16:47,600
'Cause you were amazing,
we did amazing things.

291
00:16:47,600 --> 00:16:52,682
If I could, then I would,
I'd go wherever you will --

292
00:16:52,682 --> 00:16:58,244
Can you feel the love tonight.
(Laughter)

293
00:16:58,244 --> 00:17:03,400
I can't live with or without you.

294
00:17:03,400 --> 00:17:05,190
When I find myself --

295
00:17:05,190 --> 00:17:07,489
When I find myself in times of trouble,
mother Mary comes to me,

296
00:17:07,489 --> 00:17:11,865
Sometimes I feel like I don't have partner.
No woman, no cry.

297
00:17:11,865 --> 00:17:13,504
Yeah mama, this surely is a dream.

298
00:17:13,504 --> 00:17:15,836
I come from a land down under.
(Laughter)

299
00:17:15,836 --> 00:17:18,863
Once a jolly swagman
camped by a billabong.

300
00:17:18,863 --> 00:17:22,253
Hey, I just met you, and this is crazy,
(Laughter)

301
00:17:22,253 --> 00:17:26,413
but here's my number, so call me

302
00:17:26,413 --> 00:17:30,190
Hey sexy lady, op, op, op, op,
oppan gangnam style. (Laughter)

303
00:17:30,190 --> 00:17:35,932
It's time to say goodbye.

304
00:17:35,932 --> 00:17:45,790
Closing time, every new beginning
comes from some other beginning's end.

305
00:17:45,790 --> 00:17:49,861
(Singing and music ends)
(Applause)

306
00:17:56,911 --> 00:18:01,199
Thank you, thank you.

307
00:18:03,013 --> 00:18:06,856
I love that song.
(Laughter)

308
00:18:07,395 --> 00:18:10,499
And I have a secret to share with you.

309
00:18:10,499 --> 00:18:14,471
So, by playing that song for you,

310
00:18:14,471 --> 00:18:19,221
I just hit my twentieth hour
of practicing the ukulele.

311
00:18:19,221 --> 00:18:23,209
(Applause)
Thank you.

312
00:18:24,933 --> 00:18:28,974
And so it's amazing, pretty much
anything that you can think of,

313
00:18:28,974 --> 00:18:30,752
what do you want to do.

314
00:18:30,752 --> 00:18:35,317
The major barrier to learn
something new is not intellectual,

315
00:18:35,317 --> 00:18:40,998
it's not the process of you learning
a bunch of little tips or tricks or things.

316
00:18:40,998 --> 00:18:44,753
The major barrier's emotional.
We're scared.

317
00:18:44,753 --> 00:18:47,140
Feeling stupid doesn't feel good,

318
00:18:47,014 --> 00:18:49,275
in the beginning of learning
anything new

319
00:18:49,275 --> 00:18:51,537
you feel really stupid.

320
00:18:51,537 --> 00:18:55,633
So the major barrier's not intellectual,
it's emotional.

321
00:18:55,633 --> 00:18:58,971
But put 20 hours into anything.

322
00:18:58,971 --> 00:19:01,377
It doesn't matter.
What do you want to learn?

323
00:19:01,377 --> 00:19:04,848
Do you want to learn a language?
Want to learn how to cook?

324
00:19:04,848 --> 00:19:07,114
Want to learn how to draw?

325
00:19:07,114 --> 00:19:10,860
What turns you on?
What lights you up?

326
00:19:10,860 --> 00:19:14,747
Go out and do that thing.
It only takes 20 hours.

327
00:19:14,747 --> 00:19:16,093
Have fun.

328
00:19:16,093 --> 00:19:19,060
(Applause)