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In the last video, we talked about series[br]in parallel and color coding our circuits,

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so that we were able to[br]see series in parallel.

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Now, let me show you how we actually[br]do that in a battery charging circuit.

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This is useful if you have a motor home,[br]okay?

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Here are two batteries, for example.

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Let's decide if they're in series or[br]parallel.

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Right here, let's color code our circuit.

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So here's one.

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Is that an extraordinary or[br]an ordinary node?

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That's an ordinary node.

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Here's another ordinary node.

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And finally, one more ordinary.

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Okay, so I have three ordinary nodes.

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I have two batteries that[br]are connected by one color.

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And so they are in series.

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12 volts is in series[br]with the other 12 volts.

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So the total voltage that I have is[br]12 volts in series with 12 volts or

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24 volts from top to bottom.

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Now, I would connect my[br]batteries up just like this.

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See if I two car batteries, for[br]example and I wanted to hook them up.

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I would literally take the positive[br]arm of one battery that would

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come out to the top of my 24 volts.

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I would take the negative terminal of one[br]battery and connect it to the positive

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terminal of the other, and I'd take[br]the negative terminal of that battery,

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and connect it up, and[br]I would end up with a 24-volt battery.

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Now, let's also talk about the current.

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Let's say that this battery is[br]capable of delivering 20 amp hours.

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Well, I I would now have two batteries.

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Both capable of delivering 20-amp hours,[br]but they would have 24 volts.

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So they still would be a 24 volt,[br]20-amp hour battery.

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Now, let's go to the parallel connection.

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Here I have two 12-volt batteries and[br]let's color-code them, and

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see if they really are in parallel.

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So here is one.

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Is that an ordinary or[br]an extraordinary node?

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That's an extraordinary node.

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And right here, ordinary or extraordinary.

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That's an extra ordinary node, okay?

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Well, in my parallel connection,[br]I can see that they are parallel,

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because they share the two colors,[br]red and yellow.

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And remember that if I[br]have a parallel circuit,

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the voltage stays the same,[br]but what does change?

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Okay, so I hook them up this way.

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I will connect both positive terminals[br]together and that will come out to here,

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and the negative terminals[br]will come out there.

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What happens is my voltage the same,[br]but I can get more current.

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So instead of having the 20-amp hour[br]system, I have a 40-amp hour system.

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So let's go back and take a look.

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Here I have my batteries in series,[br]I doubled my voltage.

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Here I have my batteries in parallel,[br]I'm doubling my current.

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Now, here some other combinations.

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Let's see what's in[br]series in parallel here.

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Okay, there is one ordinary or[br]extraordinary node.

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Yep, ordinary node.

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Here is ordinary or extraordinary.

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That's extraordinary.

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Here is another extraordinary node and

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I still have one more ordinary[br]node right there in middle.

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Okay, this is how the batteries would[br]be hooked up just like in this picture.

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All right, what do I have here?

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I have two batteries right there.

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They're in series, they share one color.

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12 volts in series with 12 volts and

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I have another 12 volts in series[br]with 12 volts right there.

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And they are in, sorry,[br]oops, that's not series.

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They are in parallel.

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So I have 12 volts in series[br]with 12 volts, which is 24 and

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that is parallel with[br]another 24-volt battery.

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The combination of these gave me both[br]double voltage and double current.

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Now, let's see another way[br]we might hook that up.

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Right here,[br]we could hook up kind of the same thing.

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It sort of looks like it might[br]be the same, let's check it out.

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Okay, right there,[br]all of those connect up together.

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How is this different[br]than my previous case?

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The only thing that's different is[br]that I am connecting my batteries up

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by putting two in parallel like this and[br]another two in parallel and

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then connecting those in series.

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So it's like having two parallel[br]connections in series Instead of two

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series connections in parallel.

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Do I still get the same thing?

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Well, let's see.

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So right here, I had a 12-volt[br]system that was 20-amp hour and

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another 12-volt system[br]that was 20-amp hour.

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Sorry, what do I have right here?

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I have a 12-volt system,[br]but it is 40 amp hour and

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I have another 12-volt system[br]that is 40 amp hour and

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I put the 2 of those together and

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the 12 volts in series[br]are going to give me 24 volts.

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Now, let's talk about charging batteries.

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I have a 12-volt battery charger and

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I reconnect up like this in order[br]to charge my 12-volt battery.

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If I wanted to charge my 24-volt system[br]with my 12-volt battery chargers,

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what would I do?

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I will connect the first battery charger[br]here and the second battery charger there.

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If I wanted to pick my system this way,

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I would be connecting at[br]12-volt charger here.

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Another 12 the bottom part of the 12[br]volt charger there, here and here.

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So in conclusion, the things that[br]we talked about today are voltage,

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current and resistance.

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Variable resistors and resistive sensors.

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Measuring voltage currents and resistance.

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Series and parallel elements.

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Node, paths and loops.

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We'll be talking about these[br]again throughout the semester.

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Did you wonder where the picture[br]was from the front slide?

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That's from Peekaboo Slot Canyon[br]near Kanab, Utah.

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Thank you for joining me today.