[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Greetings Troublemakers... welcome to Trouble.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My name is not important.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At 10:30pm on October 29th, 1969,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Charlie Kline, a student programer at UCLA,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,successfully sent the first digital message
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from one computer terminal to another via the DARPANET,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a top-secret research project run by the US Department of Defense.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The transmission of this single word, 'login'
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a pivotal moment in human history,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as it represents the official birth of the Internet.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was from here that the first message was sent.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A revolution began!
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the nearly fifty years that have followed,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this invention has thoroughly transformed our world
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and come to dominate virtually all aspects of our lives.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has restructured and rejuvenated capitalism,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by revolutionizing finance and transforming the globe
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a single interconnected marketplace.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has provided new methods of interacting with one another
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and helped shape the ways that we receive and process information.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it has provided a place for people to upload terabytes of videos of their cats.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is pinky... he's a male. He's available for adoption.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's pet of the week.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Internet has also become the central pillar of a new form of social control
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based around mass data collection and the construction of algorithms
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aimed at better predicting and manipulating human behavior.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But while states and digital capitalists have used the Internet
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a platform for mass surveillance and pacification,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has also been a site of subversion
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and created new possibilities for decentralized attacks on the dominant order.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've got a problem.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Someone synched a RAT to one of my servers.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A remote access tool – we're being hacked!
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the front-lines of this war are hackers
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,... those who use curiosity, programming skills and problem solving
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to unlock closed systems and bend powerful forces to their will.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the next thirty minutes,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll share the voices of a number of these individuals
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they share their experiences of defacing web sites,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaking emails, developing tools to thwart digital surveillance
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,... and making a whole lot of trouble.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hacking is one of those terms that I think has become a little bit nebulous.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would define it as using technology in a way that wasn't intended,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by finding bugs and oversights in designs
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make it produce results that were never supposed to happen.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Creative subversion of technical systems.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You take software and you modify it to get another result.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, accessing information on a system that you shouldn't be able to access.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or making the system do something that it shouldn't be able to do
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,– or that you shouldn't be able to make it do.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lot of different definitions of hacking, depending on who you ask.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,US criminal law defines computer hacking as unauthorized access
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to obtain information, transmitting destructive code, etc.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, they've basically expanded the definition
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their ongoing efforts to criminalize everyday Internet activity.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you ask someone like Richard Stallman,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he'll tell you that it's really just a creative solution to a problem.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But hackers also do like to break into systems.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are all kinds of systems,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's all kinds of access
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,... and all kinds of ways to gain access.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some hackers choose to fix and protect these systems.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They work for the government, Microsoft etc.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They call themselves White Hats.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're not even really hackers.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're seen in the hacking scene as sellouts.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They do it for the paycheck... or maybe because of the flag.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are those, of course, who don't don't it for employment.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't do it for a paycheck,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they do it for the love of solving complex puzzles.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the thrill of breaking into whatever artificial borders
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that these people decide to erect.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything that's built can be broken.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't think hacking has changed all that much in the last few years.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What really has changed is the scope of things that can be affected by hacking.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before, in the 90's, most of it was just practical jokes
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because none of it had a lot of impact on real life.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in popular culture,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you start to have hackers appear in movies, in television series,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there's this whole figure of these hackers that have these super powers.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That can invade computer systems in any way, shape or form.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a new virus in the database.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's happening?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's replicating... eating up memory.... uhh, what do I do?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Type 'cookie' you idiot!
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then it gets a lot more popularized.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since the dot-com boom at the end of the 90's,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things now have a huge impact.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And everything tends to be connected to the Internet,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or some sort of network.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As digital information networks have evolved,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of personal information is being stored.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Y'know, big data corporations and industries are relying on computers
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,... so hackers have access to this kind of information
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that these big companies have as well.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hacking can be very simple and very complex.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But most times hacking is very simple.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By supplying input in a certain way,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're able to make the back-end system believe that what you're supplying
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is actually part of its own code.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which, in a lot of cases, can give you full access to that system.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's not just limited to computers or telecommunication systems.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can really kind of apply this idea to all kinds of technical systems.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, for example, something like social engineering
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a human form of hacking.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Y'know, you can pretend to be somebody that you're not
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ask another person questions about themselves
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to get them to reveal private information.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's possible that there is software
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in theory that doesn't have vulnerabilities.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in practice, that's impossible to have.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If an application or a system performs queries to a database based on your input,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you could possibly alter your input to be able to then alter the database query,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and possibly gain access to information that you shouldn't be able to.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mostly what an exploit does,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a small tool that you run to get access to a special sector
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the software you want to get.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of exploits and vulnerabilities are discussed publicly
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and being used in the wild.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you pay attention to lists like Full Disclosure or Security Focus,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'll tell you some of the latest tricks that are being used.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, those are the ones that are already publicly known,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that the vendors have already released patches for
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,... but a lot of companies don't always patch.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're not as on-top of it as they'd like to think that they are.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, the Equifax hacks a couple of weeks ago
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was running outdated versions of Apache software.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most people don't really do updates regularly.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So most people will actually get hacked by something very simple.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Denial of service attacks
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,... basically coming up with ways to create an enormous amount
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of traffic to your server,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the point where it can't continue to provide those services.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's such a thing as Distributed Denial of Service attacks,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where that traffic is coming from many places at the same time.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most serious techniques are what they call 'undisclosed vulnerabilities',
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what they call a 'zero day.'
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When someone discovers a vulnerability, and instead of reporting it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,– which is the White Hat way –
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they continue using it privately.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they don't report it publicly,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that way for anyone to really adequately protect themselves against it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think a useful way to think about this is
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the Internet is a really hostile place.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was never designed with privacy or security in mind.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,State actors and corporations control the entire thing.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so when you talk about their ability to exploit it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,... I mean, to me, so many of the basic services that we use
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the Internet are exploitative
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without thinking about a hacker getting into it, or malware or something like that.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,State actors like the US government
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have the ability to observe all Internet traffic in real time,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,collect it and store it,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then use it later at their discretion.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they work very closely with the digital capitalists
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,– facebook, google and all these other entities
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,– who are already storing that information anyway.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Internet has long been a tool used by social movements
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of various political stripes,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both as a means of disseminating information
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a fertile ground for recruitment.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Back in the 1990's, the anti-globalization movement
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arose alongside the open-media publishing platform, Indymedia,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which allowed for the virtual coordination of many localized fronts
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the global fight against neoliberal capitalism.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I need 50,000 people.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,50,000? You're gonna have to give me some time.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And drums.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You want drums? OK, I can do that.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what about the Italians?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Italians? Man, they're stuck on the border.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're gonna be with you tomorrow.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the black bloc?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The black bloc are already there.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're gonna see black and red like there ain't no tomorrow, kid.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You just sit tight.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These days, social media platforms like facebook
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have given rise to a new form of online activity known as 'clicktivism',
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which likes, shares and the signing of online petitions
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have become a popular way for liberals and so-called 'progressives'
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to project an image of ostensible participation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in campaigns centered around a variety of social justice-related issues,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and often masking their lack of participation in real world struggles.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Real change requires real action.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s why I always share political articles on facebook, whenever I see them.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But not everyone has been lulled into this comforting delusion
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of how social change works.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On both sides of the political spectrum,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,groups and individuals have continued to use the Internet pragmatically,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both to spread their ideologies and coordinate their IRL activities.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anonymous is a decentralized network of hackers and activists
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that exist in places like IRC and Twitter,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and anyone is free to become Anonymous
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and start their own operations within the network.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's kinda similar to the black bloc tactic used as cover and collective identity.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm doing ten years in the fence for computer hacking charges
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,related to my involvement in Anonymous.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was hacking police departments, military contractors
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,... defacing their websites, releasing their emails and databases to the public.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the bigger targets was a company known as Strategic Forecasting
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,– Stratfor – which is a private intelligence firm
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made up of mostly former State Department and CIA agents.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We took down their website.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We went on donation sprees with all their clients' credit cards,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and gave their email archives to Wikileaks.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Wikileaks pubished them,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showed that they had been spying on activist groups
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on behalf of corporations like Dow Chemical.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Groups like Anonymous got really really famous defacing websites.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Other groups attacked police websites,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting all the data they have about current police members.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's also groups that were blocking huge institutions,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like credit card companies or banks.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they block their transactions, they lose money.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's a bunch of stuff you can do with hacking.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anonymous, they were really famous for
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really getting that kind of popular participation in a hacking movement
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that really didn't mean you had to be an expert to use it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You could download a piece of software,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you could just run it on your computer
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you would enter in the target URL
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you could begin to participate in what was effectively like a virtual sit-in.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now as far as Anonymous, or hacktivists in general
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,playing a role in revolutionary movements...
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anonymous was very active during Occupy Wall Street and the Arab Spring.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In general, an overall revolutionary strategy
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,benefits from a diversity of tactics.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Multiple attacks converging from all angles,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including street protests, to smashed windows, to hacked websites.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Anonymous, y'know, revealing scandalous personal information
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on individuals associated with a company that is the current target of protests
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,– timed well, it could be very effective.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a really interesting concept to me.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a lot of people who are members of Anonymous
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,use tools that I work on every day.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I hope they will use them for good.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think the unifying idea is just using anonymity to achieve some end.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And doing it with other people.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think that that speaks to some of their internal contradictions too,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they're not unified by a political ideology.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Members of Anonymous fight with each other about that.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think when you have no political ideology motivating work like that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,– work that has the potential to impact the whole globe, and has before
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- it can be really dangerous.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We of Anonymous declare total fucking war on antifa,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all who support their criminal and violent actions
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards innocent civilians.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've seen Anonymous operations go after people
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a kind of y'know, right-wing, Pizzagate-type style.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know... I mean it originated on 4Chan.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Historically, the hacker community has been very inclusive.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When everything started,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nobody really knew who was on the other side of the line.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone was just green text on a black background.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With that said, there is a lot of sexism in tech generally,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'd say that the people who are recruited from places
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Reddit and 4Chan are like, y'know,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your typical tech bros.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every community on the Internet,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and every sub-community within those sites,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether it's 4Chan or Reddit or whatever,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has a dog in the fight in gamergate.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gamergate and 4Chan, and the origins of the alt-right,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think are one of the most obvious confirmations
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of something that many of us who are radicals already knew
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,... which is that toxic masculinity, misogyny, whatever you wanna call it,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is an incredibly dangerous and violent force.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it never ends there.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Beyond the origins in 4Chan,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't really know exactly where a lot of these young men came from.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I imagine that it's probably not any more interesting
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than they are a result of late-capitalist alienation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think that they started out with, y'know,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like your garden variety misogyny.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then actual literal fascists went to their forums
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and whispered fascist poison into the ears of these impressionable men.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And because they already were prone to violence and bigotry,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then it was just the natural conclusion.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Doxxing is the practice of exposing information about your opponent
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they'd rather have kept secret.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Typically, doxxing happens from information
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is already somehow readily available
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,... maybe just a little bit hidden.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If someone is doing their activism under a pseudonym,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attackers will search for any connection
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to their real physical persona and put that information online.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then whoever the target is,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the people who wanna go after that target
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will work collectively to terrorize them.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The result of it can be, y'know, something like
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting 50 pizzas delivered to your house
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,... or it can be a SWAT team showing up in response to a fake bomb threat.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Protection against this is best done by
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compartmentalization of your online activities.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So keep your activist activities and your regular activities separate.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Use different email accounts when you sign up for services.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Doxxing's also been used by hacker collectives
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to expose lists of police officers, members of fascist organizations...
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of people were doxxed after the Charlottesville rally
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of just public open-source knowledge,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and had to back-track on their beliefs
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and actually had to go out in public and offer apologies.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In June of 2010, a malicious computer worm
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called the Stuxnet virus was first discovered
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by a small Belorussian software company, VBA32.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was soon shared with cyber-security experts
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at Kaspersky Labs, in Moscow,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Symantec in Silicon Valley,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who quickly realized that it was unlike any virus ever seen before.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Far from your run-of-the mill malware,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stuxnet was a sophisticated weapon,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comprised of millions of lines of code
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and believed to have been jointly developed by the cyber-warfare divisions
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the American and Israeli military.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Its target was the Natanz nuclear enrichment facility, in Iran.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For Natanz, it was a CIA-led operation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we had to have agency sign-off.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Someone from the agency stood behind the operator and the analyst
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and gave the order to launch every attack.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For months, the virus had lain hidden
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within the plant's Programmable Logic Controllers,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,machines that are commonly used to regulate and control
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a wide variety of industrial processes.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Running commands that were completely untraceable to workers in the plant,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stuxnet targeted centrifuges for sabotage,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causing them to explode, seemingly without cause.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The virus was only discovered due to an error in an upgrade patch,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which allowed it to jump out of the secured military facility
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and onto the world wide web
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,…. otherwise we would have never even known it existed.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Israelis took our code for the delivery system and changed it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, on their own, without our agreement
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they just fucked up the code.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead of hiding, the code started shutting down computers
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,... so naturally people noticed.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because they were in a hurry, they opened Pandora's Box.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They let it out and it spread all over the world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Stuxnet virus set an important historical precedent,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as it heralded the beginnings of a dangerous new chapter in modern warfare.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Still in its relative infancy, state-led cyber military campaigns
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are now being conducted under conditions of total secrecy,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shrouded from public scrutiny, or even knowledge.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And given the widespread incorporation of digital systems
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into all aspects of industrial civilization,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from electrical grids to emergency management systems
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even missile launch sites,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the potential consequences of these types of attacks
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could lead to truly catastrophic loss of life.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while states have been the first to reach this stage
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the development of offensive cyber warfare,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,corporations and other sub-state actors are already charting their own courses
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the militarization of digital systems.