[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.57,0:00:03.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Host: We're going to move along\Nwith our content,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.91,0:00:05.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,providing it for you as we go on,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.60,0:00:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our next presenter today\Nis doctor Ami Klin.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.12,0:00:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He refers to himself as a walking\Nlaboratory of social engagement.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.55,0:00:16.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'll tell you, the man just\Nminding his own business at Yale,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.36,0:00:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Home Depot co-founder,\NBernie Marcus,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.100,0:00:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,went up there and persuaded him\Nto come down south,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.11,0:00:26.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where he is now the new director\Nof the Marcus Autism Center.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.92,0:00:29.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He is here today to share with us\Nsome viewpoints
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.29,0:00:32.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on how early targeted\Nsocial engagement with autistic children
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.66,0:00:35.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be an investment\Nin their future productivity.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.81,0:00:37.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like you to join me in welcoming him,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.91,0:00:39.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to share an idea worth sharing -
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.55,0:00:43.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,autism, disruptions is early human\Nsocial adaptation mechanisms.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.28,0:00:45.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcoming doctor Ami Klin.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.63,0:00:51.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.24,0:01:03.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ami Klin: For me,\Nautism has been a personal journey.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.15,0:01:07.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As I was introduced,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.60,0:01:12.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I always wanted to become\Na walking laboratory of social engagement:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.51,0:01:17.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to resonate other people's feelings,\Nthoughts, intentions, motivations,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.11,0:01:19.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the act of being with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.40,0:01:25.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a scientist, I always wanted\Nto measure that resonance,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.18,0:01:29.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that sense of the other\Nthat happens so quickly,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.82,0:01:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the blink of an eye.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.08,0:01:34.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We intuit other people's feelings;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.43,0:01:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we know the meaning of their actions\Neven before they happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.36,0:01:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're always in this stance
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.13,0:01:43.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of being the object\Nof somebody else's subjectivity.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.24,0:01:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We do that all the time.\NWe just can't shake it off.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.42,0:01:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's so important that the very tools\Nwe use to understand ourselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.15,0:01:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand the world around us,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.100,0:01:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are shaped by that stance.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.63,0:01:56.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are social to the core.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.97,0:02:00.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my journey in autism really started
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.45,0:02:04.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I lived in a residential unit\Nfor adults with autism.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.47,0:02:07.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of those individuals\Nhad spent most of their lives
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.58,0:02:09.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in long-stay hospitals.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.09,0:02:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a long time ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.42,0:02:14.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for them, autism was devastating.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.80,0:02:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had profound\Nintellectual disabilities.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.96,0:02:20.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They didn't talk.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.71,0:02:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But most of all,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.62,0:02:27.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were extraordinarily isolated\Nfrom the world around them,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.57,0:02:29.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from their environment
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.43,0:02:31.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and from the people.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.79,0:02:34.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, at the time,\Nif you walked into a school
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.64,0:02:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for individuals with autism,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.46,0:02:38.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'd hear a lot of noise,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.79,0:02:42.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plenty of commotion, actions,\Npeople doing things.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.13,0:02:46.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they're always doing\Nthings by themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.80,0:02:51.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they may be looking\Nat a light in the ceiling,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.93,0:02:54.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or they may be isolated in the corner,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.34,0:02:58.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or they might be engaged\Nin these repetitive movements,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.90,0:03:02.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in self-stimulatory movements\Nthat led them nowhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.96,0:03:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Extremely, extremely isolated.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.02,0:03:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, now we know that autism\Nis this disruption,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.63,0:03:16.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the disruption of this resonance\Nthat I am telling you about.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.17,0:03:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are survival skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.13,0:03:20.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are survival skills\Nthat we inherited
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.04,0:03:24.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over many, many hundreds\Nof thousands of years of evolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.24,0:03:29.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see, babies are born\Nin a state of utter fragility.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.43,0:03:32.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without the caregiver,\Nthey wouldn't survive,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.58,0:03:35.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it stands to reason\Nthat nature would endow them
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.12,0:03:36.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with these mechanisms of survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.57,0:03:40.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They orient to the caregiver.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.92,0:03:43.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the first days and weeks of life,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.34,0:03:47.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,babies prefer to hear human sounds,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.10,0:03:49.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than just sounds\Nin the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.25,0:03:51.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They prefer to look at people\Nrather than at things,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.75,0:03:55.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even as they're looking at people,\Nthey look at people's eyes,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.15,0:04:00.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the eye is the window\Nto the other person's experiences,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.38,0:04:02.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so much so that they even prefer\Nto look at people
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.86,0:04:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are looking at them\Nrather than people who are looking away.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.92,0:04:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, they orient to the caregiver.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.53,0:04:11.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The caregiver seeks the baby.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.67,0:04:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's out of this mutually\Nreinforcing choreography
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.48,0:04:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a lot that is of importance\Nto the emergence of mind --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.30,0:04:22.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the social mind, the social\Nbrain -- depends on.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.99,0:04:27.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We always think about autism
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.08,0:04:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as something that happens\Nlater on in life.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.75,0:04:35.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't; it begins\Nwith the beginning of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.30,0:04:42.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As babies engage with caregivers,\Nthey soon realize that, well,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.92,0:04:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is something between the ears\Nthat is very important --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.07,0:04:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's invisible, you can't see it,\Nbut it's really critical.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.25,0:04:53.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that thing is called attention.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.20,0:04:54.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they learn soon enough,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.56,0:04:57.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even before they can utter one word,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.17,0:05:00.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they can take that attention\Nand move somewhere
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.67,0:05:02.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to get things they want.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.96,0:05:07.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also learn to follow\Nother people's gazes,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.08,0:05:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because whatever people are looking at\Nis what they are thinking about.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.10,0:05:16.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And soon enough, they start to learn\Nabout the meaning of things,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.77,0:05:19.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because when somebody\Nis looking at something
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.17,0:05:21.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or somebody is pointing at something,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.41,0:05:23.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're not just getting\Na directional cue.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.15,0:05:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are getting the other\Nperson's meaning of that thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.86,0:05:29.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the attitude.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.09,0:05:33.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And soon enough, they start\Nbuilding this body of meanings,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.89,0:05:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but meanings that were acquired\Nwithin the realm of social interaction.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.51,0:05:40.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those are meanings that are acquired
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.45,0:05:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as part of their shared\Nexperiences with others.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.49,0:05:50.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, this is a 15-month-old little girl,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.91,0:05:53.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she has autism.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.09,0:06:00.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I am coming so close to her\Nthat I am maybe two inches from her face,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.91,0:06:02.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she's quite oblivious to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.76,0:06:06.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine if I did that to you,\Ncame two inches from your face.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.22,0:06:08.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'd do probably\Ntwo things, wouldn't you?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.45,0:06:11.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You would recoil.\NYou would call the police.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.07,0:06:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.27,0:06:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You would do something,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.44,0:06:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's literally impossible\Nto penetrate somebody's physical space
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.52,0:06:18.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not get that reaction.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.95,0:06:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We do so, remember,\Nintuitively, effortlessly.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.43,0:06:23.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is our body wisdom;
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.62,0:06:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not something mediated\Nby our language.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.84,0:06:28.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our body just knows that.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.77,0:06:31.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we've known that for a long time.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.16,0:06:34.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is not something\Nthat happens to humans only.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.10,0:06:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It happens to some\Nof our phyletic cousins,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.32,0:06:41.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because if you're a monkey,\Nand you look at another monkey,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.41,0:06:45.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that monkey has a higher\Nhierarchy position than you,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.43,0:06:48.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is considered\Nto be a signal or threat,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.98,0:06:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, you are not going\Nto be alive for long.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.86,0:06:56.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So something that in other species\Nare survival mechanisms,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.72,0:06:59.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without which they\Nwouldn't basically live,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.85,0:07:02.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we bring into the context of human beings,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.41,0:07:06.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is what we need\Nto simply act, socially.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.68,0:07:09.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, she is oblivious to me\Nand I'm so close to her,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.47,0:07:11.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you think, maybe she can see you,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.47,0:07:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe she can hear you.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.01,0:07:14.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, a few minutes later,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.65,0:07:16.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she goes to the corner of the room,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.62,0:07:20.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she finds a tiny little piece\Nof candy, an M&M.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.36,0:07:25.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I could not attract her attention,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.90,0:07:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but something -- a thing -- did.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.43,0:07:30.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, most of us make a big dichotomy
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.97,0:07:33.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the world of things\Nand the world of people.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.38,0:07:39.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, for this girl,\Nthat division line is not so clear,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.90,0:07:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the world of people\Nis not attracting her
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.03,0:07:44.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as much as we would like.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.51,0:07:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, remember that we learn a great deal\Nby sharing experiences.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.94,0:07:54.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What she is doing right now\Nis that her path of learning is diverging,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.83,0:07:56.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moment by moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.60,0:07:59.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as she is isolating herself\Nfurther and further.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.41,0:08:03.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we feel sometimes\Nthat the brain is deterministic,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.38,0:08:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the brain determines\Nwho we're going to be.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.93,0:08:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, in fact, the brain\Nalso becomes who we are,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.74,0:08:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at the same time\Nthat her behaviors are taking away
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.75,0:08:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the realm of social interaction,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.94,0:08:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is what's happening with her mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.99,0:08:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is what's happening\Nwith her brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.64,0:08:26.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, autism is the most strongly\Ngenetic condition
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.87,0:08:28.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of all developmental disorders.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.96,0:08:32.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's a brain disorder.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.20,0:08:36.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a disorder that begins\Nmuch prior to the time
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.45,0:08:37.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the child is born.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.72,0:08:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We now know that there is a very\Nbroad spectrum of autism.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.72,0:08:46.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are those individuals\Nwho are profoundly intellectually disabled
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.22,0:08:48.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there are those that are gifted.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.20,0:08:50.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are those individuals\Nwho don't talk at all;
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.61,0:08:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are those individuals\Nwho talk too much.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.03,0:08:56.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are those individuals\Nthat if you observe them in their school,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.55,0:09:00.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you see them running the periphery fence\Nall the school day if you let them,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.24,0:09:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to those individuals\Nwho cannot stop coming to you
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.63,0:09:05.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and trying to engage you\Nrepeatedly, relentlessly,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.59,0:09:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but often in an awkward fashion,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.73,0:09:11.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without that immediate resonance.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.31,0:09:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, this is much more prevalent\Nthan we thought at the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.08,0:09:17.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I started in this field,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.52,0:09:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we thought there were four individuals\Nwith autism per 10,000 --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.63,0:09:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a very rare condition.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.36,0:09:26.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, now we know it's more\Nlike one in 100.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.46,0:09:29.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are millions of individuals\Nwith autism all around us.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.72,0:09:34.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The societal cost\Nof this condition is huge,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.08,0:09:38.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the US alone,\Nmaybe 35 to 80 billion dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.06,0:09:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you know what?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.27,0:09:43.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of those funds are associated\Nwith adolescents and particularly adults
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.93,0:09:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are severely disabled,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.70,0:09:47.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,individuals who need\Nwraparound services --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.89,0:09:50.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,services that are very, very intensive.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.17,0:09:54.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those services can cost in excess\Nof 60,000 to 80,000 dollars a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.04,0:09:58.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those are individuals who did not\Nbenefit from early treatment,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.97,0:10:03.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because now we know\Nthat autism creates itself
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.14,0:10:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as individuals diverge in that pathway\Nof learning that I mentioned to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.70,0:10:10.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Were we to be able\Nto identify this condition
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.30,0:10:13.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at an earlier point,\Nand intervene and treat --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.31,0:10:18.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can tell you, this has been probably\Nsomething that has changed my life
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.39,0:10:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the past 10 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.71,0:10:23.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this notion that we can absolutely\Nattenuate this condition.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.42,0:10:27.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, we have a window of opportunity,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.80,0:10:30.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the brain\Nis malleable for just so long,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.94,0:10:34.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that window of opportunity\Nhappens in the first three years of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.47,0:10:37.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not that that window\Ncloses; it doesn't.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.12,0:10:40.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it diminishes considerably.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.40,0:10:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet, the median age\Nof diagnosis in this country
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.52,0:10:46.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is still about five years,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.46,0:10:48.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in disadvantaged populations,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.58,0:10:51.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the populations that don't have\Naccess to clinical services,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.73,0:10:54.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rural populations, minorities,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.84,0:10:57.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the age of diagnosis is later still,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.57,0:10:59.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is almost as if I were to tell you
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.62,0:11:03.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we are condemning those communities\Nto have individuals with autism
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.41,0:11:05.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose condition is going\Nto be more severe.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.66,0:11:09.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I feel that we have\Na bioethical imperative.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.67,0:11:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The science is there.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.52,0:11:14.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But no science is of relevance
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.67,0:11:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it doesn't have an impact\Non the community.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.23,0:11:21.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we just can't afford\Nthat missed opportunity,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.20,0:11:24.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because children with autism\Nbecome adults with autism.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.91,0:11:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we feel that those things we can do
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.94,0:11:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for these children,\Nfor those families, early on,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.34,0:11:33.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will have lifetime consequences --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.54,0:11:37.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the child, for the family,\Nand for the community at large.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.58,0:11:40.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is our view of autism.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.64,0:11:43.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are over a hundred genes\Nthat are associated with autism.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.99,0:11:45.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, we believe there are going to be
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.97,0:11:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something between 300 and 600\Ngenes associated with autism,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.80,0:11:53.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and genetic anomalies,\Nmuch more than just genes.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.96,0:11:57.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we actually have\Na bit of a question here,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.14,0:12:01.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because if there are so many\Ndifferent causes of autism,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.45,0:12:05.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how do you go from those liabilities\Nto the actual syndrome?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.74,0:12:07.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because people like myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.03,0:12:10.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we walk into a playroom,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.29,0:12:12.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we recognize a child as having autism.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.34,0:12:15.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do you go from multiple causes
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.59,0:12:17.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a syndrome that has some homogeneity?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.99,0:12:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the answer is what lies in between,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.25,0:12:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is development.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.16,0:12:28.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in fact, we are very interested\Nin those first two years of life,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.96,0:12:32.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because those liabilities\Ndon't necessarily convert into autism.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.77,0:12:34.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Autism creates itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.31,0:12:39.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Were we to be able to intervene\Nduring those years of life,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.07,0:12:45.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we might attenuate for some, and God\Nknows, maybe even prevent for others.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.48,0:12:47.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do we do that?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.34,0:12:51.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we enter that feeling of resonance,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.25,0:12:54.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how do we enter another person's being?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.64,0:12:58.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember when I interacted\Nwith that 15-month-old,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.78,0:13:00.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the thing that came to my mind was,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.94,0:13:03.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How do you come into her world?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.91,0:13:07.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is she thinking about me?\NIs she thinking about others?"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.41,0:13:11.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it's hard to do that,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.28,0:13:13.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we had to create the technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.49,0:13:15.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had to basically step inside a body.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.98,0:13:18.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had to see the world through her eyes.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.69,0:13:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so in the past many years,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.03,0:13:24.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've been building these new technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.45,0:13:26.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are based on eye tracking.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.05,0:13:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can see, moment by moment,\Nwhat children are engaging with.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.55,0:13:34.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is my colleague, Warren Jones,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.33,0:13:37.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with whom we've been building\Nthese methods, these studies,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.65,0:13:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the past 12 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.38,0:13:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you see there a happy five-month-old,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.29,0:13:48.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a five-month little boy\Nwho is going to watch things
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.38,0:13:50.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are brought from his world:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.10,0:13:53.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his mom, the caregiver,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.35,0:13:57.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also experiences that he would have\Nwere he to be in his daycare.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.38,0:14:02.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we want is to embrace that world\Nand bring it into our laboratory,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.25,0:14:04.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in order for us to do that,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.31,0:14:08.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we had to create\Nthese very sophisticated measures,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.58,0:14:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,measures of how people, how little babies,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.09,0:14:16.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how newborns, engage\Nwith the world, moment by moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.63,0:14:18.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is important and what is not.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.66,0:14:22.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we created those measures,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.30,0:14:25.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here, what you see\Nis what we call a funnel of attention.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.33,0:14:27.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're watching a video --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.24,0:14:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those frames are separated\Nby about a second --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.99,0:14:34.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the eyes of 35 typically\Ndeveloping two-year-olds.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.34,0:14:37.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we freeze one frame,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.41,0:14:41.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is what the typical\Nchildren are doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.52,0:14:45.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this scan pass, in green here,\Nare two-year-olds with autism.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.96,0:14:51.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So on that frame, the children\Nwho are typical are watching this,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.54,0:14:55.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the emotion of expression\Nof that little boy
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.09,0:14:57.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as he's fighting a little bit\Nwith the little girl.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.84,0:14:59.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are the children with autism doing?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.90,0:15:02.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are focusing on the revolving door,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.80,0:15:05.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opening and shutting.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.04,0:15:09.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I can tell you that this divergence\Nthat you're seeing here
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.42,0:15:12.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doesn't happen only\Nin our five-minute experiment.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.25,0:15:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It happens moment by moment\Nin their real lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.32,0:15:20.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their minds are being formed\Nand their brains are being specialized
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.58,0:15:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in something other than what is happening\Nwith their typical peers.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.31,0:15:31.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we took a construct\Nfrom our pediatrician friends,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.85,0:15:33.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the concept of growth charts --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.39,0:15:35.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, when you take\Na child to the pediatrician,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.89,0:15:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you have physical height and weight.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.57,0:15:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we decided we were going\Nto create growth charts
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.52,0:15:43.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of social engagement.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.85,0:15:47.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We sought children\Nfrom the time they're born.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.07,0:15:51.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you see here on the x-axis
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.47,0:15:55.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is two, three, four, five,\Nsix months and nine,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.68,0:15:57.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until about the age of 24 months.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.47,0:16:00.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the percent of their viewing time
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.26,0:16:02.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they're focusing on people's eyes,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.20,0:16:04.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is their growth chart.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.64,0:16:07.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They start over here --\Nthey love people's eyes --
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.14,0:16:09.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it remains quite stable.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.85,0:16:13.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It sort of goes up a little bit\Nin those initial months.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.82,0:16:17.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, let's see what's happening\Nwith babies who became autistic.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.27,0:16:19.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's something very different.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.50,0:16:23.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It starts way up here,\Nbut then it's a free fall.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.30,0:16:28.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very much like they brought\Ninto this world the reflex
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.19,0:16:31.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that orients them to people,\Nbut it has no traction.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.01,0:16:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's almost as if that stimulus -- you --
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.04,0:16:38.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're not exerting\Ninfluence on what happens
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.05,0:16:40.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they navigate their daily lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.74,0:16:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we thought those data\Nwere so powerful, in a way,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.19,0:16:52.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we wanted to see what happened\Nin the first six months of life,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.46,0:16:55.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because if you interact\Nwith a two- and a three-month-old,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.69,0:16:58.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'd be surprised\Nby how social those babies are.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.01,0:17:02.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we see\Nin the first six months of life
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.89,0:17:07.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that those two groups\Ncan be segregated very easily.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.66,0:17:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And using these kinds\Nof measures and many others,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.80,0:17:15.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we found out\Nis that our science could, in fact,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.48,0:17:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,identify this condition early on.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.25,0:17:21.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We didn't have to wait\Nfor the behaviors of autism
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.43,0:17:23.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to emerge in the second year of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.66,0:17:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we measured things that are,\Nevolutionarily, highly conserved,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:29.21,0:17:31.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and developmentally very early-emerging --
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.55,0:17:34.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things that are online\Nfrom the first weeks of life --
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.26,0:17:36.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could push the detection of autism
Dialogue: 0,0:17:36.24,0:17:38.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the way to those first months,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.79,0:17:40.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's what we are doing now.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.12,0:17:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we can create\Nthe very best technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.30,0:17:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the very best methods\Nto identify the children,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:50.09,0:17:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this would be for naught\Nif we didn't have an impact
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.03,0:17:55.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on what happens in their reality\Nin the community.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.18,0:17:58.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we want those devices, of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:58.49,0:18:01.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be deployed by those\Nwho are in the trenches --
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.34,0:18:05.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our colleagues, the primary care\Nphysicians, who see every child --
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.57,0:18:08.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we need to transform\Nthose technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.95,0:18:11.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into something that is going\Nto add value to their practice,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.98,0:18:14.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they have to see so many children.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.19,0:18:18.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we want to do that universally\Nso that we don't miss any child.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.29,0:18:19.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this would be immoral
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.03,0:18:26.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we also did not have an infrastructure\Nfor intervention, for treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.99,0:18:30.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to be able to work\Nwith the families, support the families,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.90,0:18:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to manage those first years with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.88,0:18:37.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to be able to really go
Dialogue: 0,0:18:37.31,0:18:41.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from universal screening\Nto universal access to treatment,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:41.25,0:18:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because those treatments\Nare going to change
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.26,0:18:47.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these children's\Nand those families' lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.95,0:18:55.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, when we think about what we [can]\Ndo in those first years,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:55.41,0:18:59.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can tell you, having been\Nin this field for so long,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:00.58,0:19:02.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one feels really rejuvenated.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.33,0:19:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a sense that the science\Nthat one worked on
Dialogue: 0,0:19:08.08,0:19:10.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can actually have an impact on realities,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:10.87,0:19:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,preventing, in fact, those experiences
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.47,0:19:17.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I really started\Nin my journey in this field.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:17.84,0:19:21.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought at the time\Nthat this was an intractable condition.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:21.28,0:19:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No longer. We can do\Na great deal of things.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:25.21,0:19:27.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the idea is not to cure autism.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.64,0:19:29.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's not the idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:30.29,0:19:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we want is to make sure
Dialogue: 0,0:19:32.39,0:19:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that those individuals\Nwith autism can be free
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.96,0:19:38.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the devastating consequences\Nthat come with it at times,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:39.38,0:19:42.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the profound intellectual disabilities,\Nthe lack of language,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:42.46,0:19:44.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the profound, profound isolation.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.06,0:19:48.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We feel that individuals\Nwith autism, in fact,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:48.33,0:19:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have a very special\Nperspective on the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:50.82,0:19:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we need diversity.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.94,0:19:56.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they can work extremely well\Nin some areas of strength:
Dialogue: 0,0:19:56.59,0:19:59.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,predictable situations,\Nsituations that can be defined.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:59.99,0:20:02.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because after all,\Nthey learn about the world
Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.98,0:20:04.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,almost, like, about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:04.88,0:20:07.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than learning\Nhow to function in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:07.70,0:20:11.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is a strength if you're working,\Nfor example, in technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:12.58,0:20:16.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are those individuals\Nwho have incredible artistic abilities.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:16.44,0:20:18.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want them to be free to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:18.79,0:20:21.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want that the next generations\Nof individuals with autism
Dialogue: 0,0:20:21.94,0:20:25.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be able not only\Nto express their strengths,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:25.04,0:20:26.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to fulfill their promise.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:27.45,0:20:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, thank you for listening to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:29.22,0:20:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:20:35.12,0:20:36.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Host: Dr Klin, thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:37.43,0:20:41.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, this talk is generating\Nquite a lot of talk
Dialogue: 0,0:20:41.13,0:20:42.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all over the web right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:42.97,0:20:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of tweeting going on,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:44.59,0:20:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and obviously a lot of interest\Naround the issue of autism.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:47.99,0:20:52.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm curious to know whether\Nthere are some new caregiving norms
Dialogue: 0,0:20:52.09,0:20:55.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you see - you mentioned\Nthat early intervention is the key,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:55.32,0:20:57.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if there isn't early diagnoses,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:57.22,0:21:00.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is there a look that caregivers\Nshould perhaps be -
Dialogue: 0,0:21:00.49,0:21:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evolving into new ways of caring\Nfor children that might be helpful ?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:04.14,0:21:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ami Klin: Well, there are ways\Nof identifying children early.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:08.15,0:21:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fact that there is a slow\Nuptake of that
Dialogue: 0,0:21:10.62,0:21:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has something to do with the fact\Nthat people need to know how bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:14.11,0:21:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That we can do a great deal\Nfor these children and families.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:17.33,0:21:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the interesting thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:19.01,0:21:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the forms of treatment\Nthat are available now
Dialogue: 0,0:21:21.75,0:21:25.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not forms of treatment\Nthat would be taking place in a center.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:25.84,0:21:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They take place in the homes.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:27.82,0:21:30.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Basically, what those treatments\Nare doing,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:30.91,0:21:33.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is potentiating what every caregiver does.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:33.92,0:21:35.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to make sure
Dialogue: 0,0:21:35.49,0:21:37.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that those signals,\Nthe communication signals,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:37.100,0:21:39.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the social engagement,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:39.49,0:21:42.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that that happens not\Nin a treatment session
Dialogue: 0,0:21:42.19,0:21:45.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would take place\Nfor like 30 minutes a day,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:45.80,0:21:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we basically need every moment\Nin these childrens' lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:48.82,0:21:50.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be a treatment moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:50.60,0:21:53.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for that, we need to both\Nsupport and train parents.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:53.70,0:21:57.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's the way\Nthose early forms of treatment take place.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:57.20,0:21:58.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there is plenty to do out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:58.90,0:22:01.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Host: Well, it looks\Nlike people are interested in that.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:01.60,0:22:04.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much, Dr Klin.\NPleasure to have you.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:04.14,0:22:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)