[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:03.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, I wanna give you\Na test of your visual acuity.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.79,0:00:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your sensitivity to \Ndifferences in line lengths.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.18,0:00:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm gonna show you a standard
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.53,0:00:12.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then I'm gonna show \Nyou three comparison lines.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.60,0:00:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is gonna be bigger,\None is gonna be shorter,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.98,0:00:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one is gonna be the\Nsame size as the standard.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.10,0:00:18.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your job is...
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.30,0:00:21.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tell me which line, A, B, or C\Nis the same as the standard.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.53,0:00:26.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seems like a simple judgement.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.19,0:00:27.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You always get it right.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.75,0:00:30.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now, before you give your answer,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.88,0:00:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are gonna be
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.62,0:00:36.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,half dozen to ten other \Npeople, like you, in the room
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.59,0:00:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're gonna \Ngive their answers first.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.12,0:00:39.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An amazing thing happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.74,0:00:43.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One after another, they say \Nthe line that you see as shorter
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.21,0:00:44.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the same as the standard.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.00,0:00:46.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shorter, shorter, shorter, shorter,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.67,0:00:50.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't say shorter, they \Njust say B, B, B, B. and so forth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.20,0:00:51.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now it's your turn.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.16,0:00:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know B is the wrong answer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.92,0:00:58.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what do you say?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.01,0:01:01.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this study done by Solomon Asch,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.12,0:01:03.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a classic study of group conformity,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.41,0:01:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the majority of people gave in.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.20,0:01:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gave in on most of the critical trials
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.60,0:01:13.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to agree with, to say, publicly
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.61,0:01:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they agreed with the majority.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.69,0:01:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this study is one of\Nthe first classic studies
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.96,0:01:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the power of a group.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.54,0:01:23.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As long as there's three or more people
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.87,0:01:26.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who agree among themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.36,0:01:29.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that reality is not the way you see it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.66,0:01:31.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in many cases, you give in
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.18,0:01:34.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see the world in their way.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.42,0:01:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's look at that study.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.53,0:01:39.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(male speaker)\NThe experiment you'll be taking part in
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.12,0:01:42.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today involves the \Nperception of lengths of lines
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.66,0:01:45.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as you can see here,\NI have a number of cards
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.05,0:01:47.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and on each card there are several lines.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.95,0:01:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your task is a very simple one.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.66,0:01:51.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're to look at the line on the left
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.64,0:01:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and determine which of the three lines
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.46,0:01:55.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the right is equal to it in length.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.28,0:01:57.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alright we'll procede in this order:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.17,0:01:57.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll give your answer...
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.87,0:01:59.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(male narrator)\NOnly one of the peope in the group
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.18,0:02:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a real subject.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.47,0:02:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fifth person with the white t-shirt.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.79,0:02:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The others are \Nconfederates of the experimenter
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.04,0:02:08.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have been told to give \Nwrong answers on some of the trials.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.10,0:02:12.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The experiment begins uneventfully,\Nas subjects give their judgements.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.74,0:02:13.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.82,0:02:14.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.75,0:02:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.69,0:02:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.69,0:02:17.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.84,0:02:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Subject 1)\NThree.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.75,0:02:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Subject 2) \NThree.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.99,0:02:22.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Subject 3)\NThree.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.15,0:02:23.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Three.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.95,0:02:24.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Three.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.46,0:02:26.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Narrator) \NBut on the third trial, something happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.95,0:02:27.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Subject 1)\NTwo.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.15,0:02:29.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Subject 2) \NTwo.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.69,0:02:31.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Subject 3) \NTwo.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.44,0:02:34.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.67,0:02:37.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Uh, two.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.52,0:02:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Narrator) \NThe subject denies the evidence
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.54,0:02:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of his own eyes and \Nyields to group influence.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.98,0:02:46.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Asch found subjects \Nwent along with the group
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.21,0:02:48.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on 37% of the critical trials.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.44,0:02:51.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But he found, through interviews,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.17,0:02:54.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they went along with\Nthe group for different reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.75,0:02:55.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.30,0:02:57.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.11,0:02:58.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(thinking)\NThey must be right.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.54,0:03:00.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are four of them and one of me.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.23,0:03:01.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.16,0:03:02.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Narrator) \NThis subject's yeilding
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.86,0:03:05.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is based on a distortion of his judgement.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.13,0:03:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He genuinely believes\Nthat the group is correct.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.41,0:03:10.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.14,0:03:11.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.30,0:03:14.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.45,0:03:15.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.17,0:03:18.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.67,0:03:20.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Subject 1) \NTwo.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.37,0:03:23.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.42,0:03:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.28,0:03:26.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(thinking)\NI know they're wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.61,0:03:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but why should I make waves?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.16,0:03:28.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.90,0:03:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Narrator) In this case,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.08,0:03:31.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the subject knows he is right,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.55,0:03:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but goes along to avoid the \Ndiscomfort of disagreeing with the group.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.00,0:03:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here the distortion is at\Nthe level of his response.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.29,0:03:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.32,0:03:41.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.75,0:03:42.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.25,0:03:44.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.37,0:03:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Narrator)\NIn the previous experiment,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.26,0:03:48.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the naive subject stood \Nalone against the group.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.39,0:03:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this variation, Asch\Ngave the naive subject
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.82,0:03:54.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a partner, here seated\Nin the third position,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.64,0:03:56.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who also gives the correct response.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.95,0:03:58.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Subject 1\NOne.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.38,0:04:01.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.92,0:04:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.67,0:04:05.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.40,0:04:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Um, two.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.14,0:04:09.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Narrator) \NWith a partner,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.38,0:04:12.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yielding drops to only \N5% of the critical trials,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.29,0:04:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compared to 37% without a partner.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.43,0:04:17.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although subjects report \Nwarmth and good feeling
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.89,0:04:19.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,toward the partner, they typically deny
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.89,0:04:22.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he played a role in\Ntheir own independence.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.87,0:04:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The partnership variation shows that \Nmuch of the power of the group came,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.57,0:04:31.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not nearly from it's numbers, but\Nfrom the uninimity of its opposition.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.72,0:04:33.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When that uninimity is punctured,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.44,0:04:35.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the group's power is greatly reduced.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.20,0:04:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes we go along with a group
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.98,0:04:41.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because what they say \Nconvinces us they are right.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.99,0:04:44.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is called informational conformity.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.74,0:04:47.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And sometimes, we conform\Nbecause we are apprehensive
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.32,0:04:49.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the group will \Ndisapprove if we are deviant.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.20,0:04:52.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is called normative conformity.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.94,0:04:54.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The strength of the normative factor
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.67,0:04:57.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is shown in another \Nvariation carried out by Asch.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.62,0:05:02.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this variation, the subject is told \Nthat, because he had arrived late,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.14,0:05:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he would have to write his answers.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.87,0:05:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Subjects in this private\Nresponse experiment
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.07,0:05:08.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are exposed to the same amount of
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.68,0:05:10.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,misleading information \Nas other subjects,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.63,0:05:13.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they are immune from any \Npossible criticism by the group.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.96,0:05:14.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.05,0:05:15.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.60,0:05:17.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.31,0:05:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Narrator) \NAnd this enormously reduces
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.12,0:05:20.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pressure to conform.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.70,0:05:22.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Conformity drops by two thirds.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.32,0:05:26.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Asch's experiment is a classic.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.57,0:05:29.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It reveals how people \Nwill deny what they see
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.35,0:05:30.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and submit to group pressure.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.04,0:05:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It allows us not only \Nto observe conformity,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.88,0:05:37.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to study the conditions that\Nincrease or reduce it's occurrence.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.80,0:05:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[no audio]