[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.26,0:00:03.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Philip Zimbardo: Okay I wanna give \Nyou a test of your visually acuity.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.83,0:00:06.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your sensitivity to \Ndifferences in line lengths.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.32,0:00:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm going to show you a standard, \Nand then I'll show three comparison lines.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.36,0:00:14.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is going to be bigger, \None is going to be shorter,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.12,0:00:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one is going to be \Nthe same size as the standard.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.51,0:00:21.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your job is, tell me which line, \NA, B, or C, is the same as the standard.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.93,0:00:27.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seems like a simple judgement, \Nyou always get it right.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.04,0:00:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now, \Nbefore you give your answer,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.65,0:00:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are going to be a half dozen \Nto ten other people, like you, in the room,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.68,0:00:37.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're going to give \Ntheir answers first.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.28,0:00:41.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An amazing thing happens, \None after another,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.13,0:00:44.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they say the line that you see as shorter,\Nis the same as the standard.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.27,0:00:47.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shorter, shorter, shorter, shorter \Nthey don't say shorter,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.40,0:00:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they just say B, B, B, and so forth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.36,0:00:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now it's your turn. \NYou know B is the wrong answer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.57,0:01:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what do you say? \NIn this study done by Solomon Asch,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.07,0:01:06.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,classic study of group conformity.\NThe majority of people gave in.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.43,0:01:13.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gave in on most of the critical trials,\Nto agree with, to say publicly,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.56,0:01:15.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they agreed with the majority.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.77,0:01:18.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This study is one of the \Nfirst classic studies
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.87,0:01:20.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the power of the group.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.44,0:01:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As long as there are three or more people \Nwho agree among themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.04,0:01:29.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that reality is not the \Nway you see it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.19,0:01:33.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in many cases, \Nyou give in to see the world in their way.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.66,0:01:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's look at that study.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.42,0:01:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Experiment Conductor: \NThe experiment you will be taking
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.82,0:01:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,part in today involves the \Nperception of lengths of lines.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.30,0:01:44.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you can see here,\NI have a number of cards
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.81,0:01:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and on each there are several lines.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.38,0:01:49.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your task is a very simple one:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.83,0:01:53.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you are to look at the line on the left \Nand determine which of the three lines
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.20,0:01:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the right is equal to it in length.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.55,0:01:57.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alright, we'll proceed in this order, \Nyou will give your answers-
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.97,0:02:00.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: Only one of the people \Nin the group is a real subject,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.28,0:02:02.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fifth person \Nwith a white tee-shirt.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.38,0:02:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The others are confederates \Nof the experimenter,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.24,0:02:07.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have been told to give \Nwrong answers on some of the trials.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.14,0:02:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The experiment begins uneventfully \Nas subjects give their judgements
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.44,0:02:16.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Male Subjects: \NTwo, two, two, two, two.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.98,0:02:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Three, three, three, three.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.68,0:02:27.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But on the third trial, something happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.14,0:02:37.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two, two, two, uh two.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.31,0:02:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The subject denies the evidence \Nof his own eyes and yields to group influence.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.40,0:02:48.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Asch found subjects went along with \Nthe group on 37% of the critical trials.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.67,0:02:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But he found through interviews \Nthat they went along with
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.62,0:02:53.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the group for different reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.44,0:02:56.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Male Subjects: \NOne, one.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.41,0:02:59.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Male #1: They must be right, \Nthere are four of them and one of me.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.22,0:03:01.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.49,0:03:04.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: This subject's yielding is based \Non a distortion of his judgement.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.35,0:03:07.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He genuinely believes \Nthat the group is correct.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.26,0:03:17.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Male Subjects:\NOne. One. One. Two.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.73,0:03:25.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One. Two. Two. Two.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.87,0:03:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Male #1: I know they're wrong,\Nbut why should I make waves?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.39,0:03:31.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: In this case, \Nthe subject knows he is right,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.67,0:03:35.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but goes along to avoid the \Ndiscomfort of disagreeing with the group.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.52,0:03:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, the distortion \Nis at the level of his response.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.51,0:03:45.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Male Subjects:\NTwo, Two, Two, Two.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.30,0:03:49.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: In the previous experiment, \Nthe naïve subject stood alone against the group.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.70,0:03:52.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this variation, \NAsch gave the naïve subject a partner,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.97,0:03:56.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here seated in the third position, \Nwho also gives the correct response.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.67,0:04:08.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Male Subjects:\NOne, one, two, one, um two.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.70,0:04:11.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: With a partner, \Nyielding drops to only five percent
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.35,0:04:15.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the critical trials \Ncompared to 37% without a partner.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.55,0:04:18.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although subjects report \Nwarmth and good feeling
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.04,0:04:20.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,toward the partner, \Nthey typically deny that he played
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.54,0:04:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a role in their own independence.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.38,0:04:27.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The partnership variation shows \Nthat much of the power of the group came,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.83,0:04:31.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not merely from its numbers \Nbut from the unanimity of its opposition.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.12,0:04:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When that unanimity is punctured, \Nthe group's power is greatly reduced.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.57,0:04:39.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes we go along \Nwith the group because
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.32,0:04:42.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what they say convinces \Nus they are right.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.04,0:04:44.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is called \Ninformational conformity.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.36,0:04:47.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But sometimes we conform \Nbecause we are apprehensive
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.73,0:04:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the group will \Ndisapprove if we are deviant.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.40,0:04:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is called normative conformity.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.64,0:04:57.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The strength of the normative factor \Nis shown in another variation carried out by Asch.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.29,0:05:00.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this variation, \Nthe subject is told that
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.95,0:05:04.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he had arrived late, \Nhe would have to write his answers.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.15,0:05:07.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Subjects in this private response \Nexperiment are exposed
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.80,0:05:10.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the same amount of \Nmisleading information as other subjects,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.67,0:05:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they're immune from any \Npossible criticism by the group.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.44,0:05:17.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Male Subjects: \NOne, one, one-
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.39,0:05:20.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: And this enormously reduces \Nthe pressure to conform.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.88,0:05:22.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Conformity drops by 2/3.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.78,0:05:26.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Asch's experiment is a classic.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.74,0:05:29.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It reveals how people \Nwill deny what they see,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.24,0:05:30.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and submit to group pressure.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.30,0:05:33.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It allows us not \Nonly to observe conformity,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.71,0:05:37.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to study the conditions \Nthat increase or reduce its occurrence.