WEBVTT 00:00:00.080 --> 00:00:03.293 Welcome to our forum discussion on "The Roots of Prejudice" 00:00:03.293 --> 00:00:11.760 We'll be talking about what our prejudices are, where they came from, how they're nourished, and perhaps even how to get rid of them 00:00:11.760 --> 00:00:16.678 Let me introduce you to the four student participants in today's discussion 00:00:16.794 --> 00:00:25.887 Ratanati Iskandar Dinata, high school student, 17 years old, and also a talented dancer from Indonesia 00:00:25.887 --> 00:00:30.000 From Japan, Yoriko Konishi, whose lovely voice you've just heard 00:00:30.000 --> 00:00:35.600 From time to time we like you to get a sense of what we do in all those times when we aren't having serious discussions 00:00:35.600 --> 00:00:39.324 We very often get Yoriko to dance or sing for us - she does both 00:00:39.324 --> 00:00:46.480 From the United Kingdom, 18 year old Judith Reader. Judith's got a bit of a cold today. It did not come from swimming in the Atlantic ocean, 00:00:46.480 --> 00:00:51.321 Although she assures us that when she's in England she does swim in the ocean during the winter 00:00:51.321 --> 00:00:57.583 From the Philippines, Raul Contreras. Raul will be 16 years old, patriotically enough, on the 4th of July 00:00:57.583 --> 00:01:02.570 He may admit some prejudices but one he obviously doesn't have is a prejudice against women, 00:01:02.570 --> 00:01:08.586 Or he wouldn't have been willing to appear tonight with three women, being the only male on the program 00:01:08.586 --> 00:01:14.617 Now on this question of prejudice perhaps we ought to start out by trying to define what you think prejudices are 00:01:14.617 --> 00:01:17.434 What do you think prejudice is, Ratnati? 00:01:17.434 --> 00:01:25.326 I think prejudice is a feeling of hate of people, as a group or individual... Toward other people. 00:01:25.326 --> 00:01:30.775 You say a feeling of hate... Do you think prejudice is as strong as hate? 00:01:30.775 --> 00:01:38.315 Yes, when there is somebody who is prejudiced, then the answer will be "I hate such and such" 00:01:38.315 --> 00:01:42.000 Well I suppose that is true... What do you think prejudice is, Yoriko? 00:01:42.000 --> 00:01:49.040 Well, I found that if somebody distinguishes between two white men, it is not prejudice 00:01:49.040 --> 00:01:56.645 But if somebody distinguishes between a white man and a coloured man, it is prejudice 00:01:57.440 --> 00:02:05.393 I would define prejudice as a rigid opinion, formed about a certain thing before there has been a just examination of the facts 00:02:05.393 --> 00:02:13.119 When a person loses track of the dignity of the human soul and begins to judge others not on the basis of their being persons, 00:02:13.119 --> 00:02:19.092 But on the basis of race, creed, economic status - that is prejudice 00:02:19.345 --> 00:02:23.200 Well, is it fair to ask you whether you have any prejudices? 00:02:23.200 --> 00:02:30.588 Well I guess so Mrs. Waller, and being brutally frank, I am prejudiced against Japanese 00:02:30.588 --> 00:02:39.959 Not to the extent that I hate them, no not that way, but I got this as a result of World War II 00:02:39.959 --> 00:02:46.064 Because, well, I guess I was yet too young to understand what happened during those times 00:02:46.064 --> 00:02:54.000 But I think that what my relatives, and friends, and the people who were witness to that unfateful occasion... 00:02:54.000 --> 00:03:06.000 Well, more than justified the fact. And I think it's justified for me to feel the same way, because I know that my people suffered very much under that rule 00:03:06.000 --> 00:03:09.280 Are you still as prejudiced against the Japanese as you were? 00:03:09.280 --> 00:03:15.242 Well, five years ago that prejudice of mine was slightly fading away 00:03:15.242 --> 00:03:22.630 But when Japan stubbornly refused to pay reparations to us, the prejudice began to brew again 00:03:22.630 --> 00:03:30.326 But now I found out from close contact with Yoriko and other Japanese, that Japan isn't ready to pay reparations yet 00:03:30.326 --> 00:03:39.601 Because as Yoriko said, most of them even have to suffer the cold in the classrooms, because they can't afford to heat the schools 00:03:39.840 --> 00:03:43.163 Yoriko, have you got any prejudices? 00:03:43.163 --> 00:03:47.360 Well, I don't have any prejudice for Philippines... 00:03:47.360 --> 00:03:58.467 But many Japanese people hate Korea, because the president of Korea made his own line on the public sea between Korea and Japan [Syngman Rhee Line] 00:03:58.467 --> 00:04:11.280 And if Japanese fishermen go over the line, they are caught by Korean people, and they can't go home for a while 00:04:12.080 --> 00:04:17.216 And we are trying to be friends with Korea 00:04:17.216 --> 00:04:21.976 Now that we've started, we better go on around the circle. Judith, have you got any prejudices that you'll admit? 00:04:21.976 --> 00:04:27.575 Yes I suppose I better admit them, although i'm English... I have some very foolish prejudices, you'll probably laugh 00:04:27.575 --> 00:04:32.514 For instance, as soon as I meet a person with red hair, I always put myself on my guard 00:04:32.514 --> 00:04:38.880 Because I have a silly prejudice that all red-headed people have terrible tempers, you know, that they're as passionate as the colour of their hair 00:04:38.880 --> 00:04:47.083 Oh and then I have another silly prejudice, for example when I first met the Australian delegate, Elizabeth Woodgate, who hasn't been on television yet 00:04:47.083 --> 00:04:53.564 I was shocked by her accent, because to me it sounds just like a Cockney accent would in England 00:04:53.564 --> 00:05:00.453 And I hope I'm not conceited or anything, but a Cockney accent in England... You know most English people would shudder a little bit when they hear it 00:05:00.453 --> 00:05:05.760 But she very frankly told me that she shuddered when she had my accent! I got paid back for that too 00:05:05.760 --> 00:05:07.759 Why did she say she did? 00:05:07.759 --> 00:05:14.745 Oh, I think she imagines that... She said she really had to forget my accent in order to like me, because it's too formal 00:05:14.745 --> 00:05:18.568 I gather most Americans think that about English as well 00:05:18.568 --> 00:05:20.911 Ratnati, it's your turn 00:05:20.911 --> 00:05:31.866 Sometimes I feel prejudiced against the Dutch people, when in school I learned the history, and learned how the Dutch people treated Indonesians 00:05:31.866 --> 00:05:39.350 And I have some other prejudices of my own; I hate people who are proud, and 00:05:39.350 --> 00:05:48.705 Who feel that he is the master of the other, and who think they know everything better than anybody else 00:05:48.705 --> 00:05:55.178 Let's come back to you a minute, Raul. Are there any prejudices in the Philippines between groups of people? 00:05:55.178 --> 00:06:05.490 Yes, there are existing prejudices between groups of people. As a matter of fact, most of us still, well, are prejudiced against a group of hybrids 00:06:05.490 --> 00:06:14.010 Those who have more Spanish blood than Filipino blood in them, and we termed them as Mestizos 00:06:14.010 --> 00:06:23.842 Well, these incidents will usually occur in the schools. As you know i'm in a school run by Spanish monks 00:06:23.842 --> 00:06:32.845 And well, we have a lot of those of that group studying in our school... And usually they are favoured 00:06:32.845 --> 00:06:44.758 But we think that we are right in saying that they are sort of aristocratic, conceited, and high-headed and sore-headed and all sorts of adjectives 00:06:44.758 --> 00:06:51.208 And they have the foolish idea that they have the royal blood, or royalty in them! 00:06:51.208 --> 00:06:55.261 Well how do you get along with these boys in school, Raul? Are there any problems? 00:06:55.261 --> 00:07:01.840 Well frankly speaking, I don't get along with them pretty well. As a matter of fact, well, we usually fight with one another 00:07:03.680 --> 00:07:07.130 Yes, Yoriko? 00:07:07.130 --> 00:07:12.174 Japan has had many American or European soldiers after the war 00:07:12.174 --> 00:07:19.216 And most of them married Japanese girls - not only formal wedding [implying children born out of wedlock] 00:07:19.216 --> 00:07:26.112 And they made children, who are called "hybrids" 00:07:26.112 --> 00:07:31.343 And I think the hybrids have no reason to be punished 00:07:31.960 --> 00:07:40.781 But some grown-ups didn't treat them (as well) as they would Japanese children 00:07:41.427 --> 00:07:50.397 And grown-ups also used to also (mis)treat the mothers of these children 00:07:51.519 --> 00:07:59.413 Japanese people thought that the mothers of hybrids are not good, that they are horrible 00:07:59.413 --> 00:08:04.700 Because they married with foreign people, foreign boys 00:08:04.700 --> 00:08:11.403 And many Japanese people don't like to marry with foreign people 00:08:11.403 --> 00:08:21.793 Because they live (according to) different customs, and they consider things in different ways 00:08:22.354 --> 00:08:30.954 You still have a strong, may I say, "prejudice" in Japan against marrying people from other countries, don't you? 00:08:30.954 --> 00:08:34.640 Well... Yes 00:08:35.165 --> 00:08:41.054 Yoriko, could you tell us something about the status of women in Japan? We hear the strangest things, 00:08:41.054 --> 00:08:45.039 And you've been telling me the strangest things... Could you tell us more about it? 00:08:45.039 --> 00:08:46.435 Before the war? 00:08:46.435 --> 00:08:48.254 Yes, and now 00:08:48.254 --> 00:08:55.955 Well, up to about 60 years ago, Japanese people thought that the white people are horrible 00:08:55.955 --> 00:09:04.063 Because they have almost red hair, and everything is so big and about their bodies 00:09:04.747 --> 00:09:08.519 Quite a few people still think so 00:09:08.828 --> 00:09:15.869 And in Japan we think that for something to be beautiful, it must be small and delicate 00:09:16.655 --> 00:09:21.434 You can hardly apply the word "delicate" to some of the big soldiers we sent to Japan, could you? 00:09:21.434 --> 00:09:26.050 But I never knew that you looked down on us, because we were big... That's very interesting 00:09:26.050 --> 00:09:30.505 We're always proud if the Western men are tall and handsome we consider that a (good thing) 00:09:30.505 --> 00:09:32.131 Oh really? 00:09:32.131 --> 00:09:33.088 Yes! 00:09:33.088 --> 00:09:36.759 Well, we are proud to be small and delicate 00:09:37.200 --> 00:09:43.251 What you said about skin color, Yoriko... I've heard that the Chinese speak about us as pink people, instead of white people 00:09:43.251 --> 00:09:46.781 It's so much more difficult to be proud of being a pink person, isn't it? 00:09:46.781 --> 00:09:50.247 Oh yes you're a pink person! 00:09:50.247 --> 00:09:52.206 Might as well face it Judith! 00:09:52.206 --> 00:09:53.920 I feel scarlet! 00:09:54.546 --> 00:09:57.646 Ratnati, now let's get... 00:09:57.646 --> 00:10:05.410 ...Judith, since Britain has so many colonies nearly all over the world 00:10:05.410 --> 00:10:12.240 How do you feel towards the people in the colonies? Do you have some prejudice? 00:10:12.240 --> 00:10:17.692 No, I personally don't have any prejudice, at least I hope I don't 00:10:17.692 --> 00:10:22.742 But I know that a lot of Europeans think of the Asians, for example, as uh, as rather lazy 00:10:22.742 --> 00:10:29.444 I don't mean to be rude, but that used to be the impression we had, you know, when we started our colonization 00:10:29.444 --> 00:10:34.937 Um... We thought we were doing good to you. I know that you you dislike for example, in Indonesia... You dislike the Dutch there 00:10:34.937 --> 00:10:37.963 But they probably thought they were helping you 00:10:37.963 --> 00:10:46.579 They were not helping us... See, you mentioned that we are lazy, well, we are not exactly lazy, 00:10:46.579 --> 00:10:55.120 But they didn't give us a chance, you see, and we didn't get to experience to build our country 00:10:55.120 --> 00:10:57.494 Well Judy, I don't think all Asians are lazy! 00:10:57.494 --> 00:11:03.604 No, please you're misunderstanding me! I said that was a general opinion... Maybe not now, I hope certainly not 00:11:03.604 --> 00:11:09.321 General opinion? Well, it's sort of wrong to say that they're lazy 00:11:09.321 --> 00:11:14.717 Let's just say that they've got the very flat feet that they can't lift them up 00:11:14.717 --> 00:11:20.451 Because you've got to consider, for example, the climate in most of the regions in Asia 00:11:20.451 --> 00:11:27.877 Well it's just natural, you can't just work with all the hot, the warm climate around you, 00:11:27.877 --> 00:11:35.482 Of course you'd always feel like fanning yourself, or going to an air-conditioned theatre or somewhere else where it's cold 00:11:35.680 --> 00:11:41.012 Is there not only this difference of climate that explains a difference in tempo, 00:11:41.012 --> 00:11:45.520 But is there a difference in philosophy too, that perhaps we in the West haven't appreciated I wonder? 00:11:45.520 --> 00:11:50.720 Well as far as I know, it and I think you've mentioned it in this program, 00:11:50.720 --> 00:11:54.589 That for example Indians think that they should never soil their hands 00:11:54.589 --> 00:12:02.880 And in the Philippines I must admit that, well, we're sort of inclined to get white collar jobs and swivel chairs 00:12:02.880 --> 00:12:08.560 Most of us do, especially the new college graduates... We don't want to work with our hands 00:12:08.560 --> 00:12:14.560 We want to have big offices, with pretty secretaries around us... That's the common tendency 00:12:17.360 --> 00:12:20.030 Could you give proof that we are lazy? 00:12:20.030 --> 00:12:24.594 Oh gosh, now you've put me in a corner! I was trying to give you an example 00:12:24.594 --> 00:12:29.223 Um, you criticise the countries... You criticise the Dutch for example 00:12:29.223 --> 00:12:36.232 But I know the British when they started doing their colonization, they tried to help the countries they were in 00:12:36.344 --> 00:12:40.874 But you think that we were butting in, and taking away your opportunities 00:12:40.874 --> 00:12:46.640 Well yes, I think so. I'll give an example about the Dutch... 00:12:46.640 --> 00:12:50.823 We didn't get a chance to be educated, for example 00:12:50.823 --> 00:12:52.726 That was when the Dutch were there? 00:12:52.726 --> 00:12:54.240 Yeah 00:12:54.633 --> 00:13:02.967 And do you think if the people in the colonies get a chance to be free, you will give it to them? 00:13:03.528 --> 00:13:06.766 Oh now we're going right off the subject! 00:13:06.960 --> 00:13:13.680 See, um, my friend from Malaya is very glad that Malaya will get their independence next year 00:13:14.400 --> 00:13:22.929 She's very proud and she tells everybody that Malaya is going to be independent next year 00:13:22.929 --> 00:13:30.303 Do you think that if you do that to the other places [give them independence], then you will make them satisfied? 00:13:30.303 --> 00:13:35.746 We hope it will make them satisfied... Every country wants to be independent, that's only natural 00:13:35.746 --> 00:13:39.378 But there comes a point when somebody has to decide whether they're ready to receive their independence 00:13:39.378 --> 00:13:42.442 But I know we could go off on another long argument about that 00:13:42.442 --> 00:13:44.196 Go ahead Raul 00:13:44.196 --> 00:13:52.240 Well I was about to ask them what do they think are the most common or basic causes of our prejudices? Is it mainly skin color? 00:13:53.920 --> 00:13:55.936 Well, maybe... 00:13:55.936 --> 00:14:01.581 Do you mean for example, taking the American problem in the South? 00:14:01.581 --> 00:14:09.289 I guess taking the American side of it, it's just that the white people don't want to mix themselves up with the coloured ones 00:14:09.289 --> 00:14:13.603 But what about the coloured people? Perhaps they don't want to mix with the white people either? 00:14:13.603 --> 00:14:17.356 Since you brought up the American race problem, I'd like to ask you: 00:14:17.356 --> 00:14:22.271 Is it as bad as you thought it was going to be before you came? Or is it better or worse? 00:14:22.271 --> 00:14:32.644 From what I've seen here, and what I've heard while I am here, and what I have read in the newspapers... It's worse than I expected 00:14:32.644 --> 00:14:35.614 Don't you agree, Judith? 00:14:35.614 --> 00:14:41.514 No I don't agree. In England we don't hear too much about the American problem, except of course when a certain case came up 00:14:41.514 --> 00:14:45.357 And the supreme court decision, we heard a lot about it then 00:14:45.357 --> 00:14:53.680 But not too much. And when I came here I had imagined from that [Emmet] Till case, that things would be really terrible in the South 00:14:53.680 --> 00:14:57.180 And I found that there's a real feeling of optimism here 00:14:57.180 --> 00:15:03.217 I stayed in a Negro family, and I was able to see the position... Really a bird's-eye view of it, you might say 00:15:03.217 --> 00:15:11.280 And the first thing that impressed me was that the Negroes themselves... Umm, were not happy about the situation, but were pleased 00:15:11.280 --> 00:15:14.807 They were grateful for what progress had been made 00:15:14.807 --> 00:15:18.749 And they were sure that the situation would continue to improve 00:15:18.749 --> 00:15:21.639 Was that the two weeks you were in New Jersey, that you stayed with a Negro family? 00:15:21.639 --> 00:15:26.080 That's right, I was with a Negro family. I know that was in the northern part and conditions are better there 00:15:26.080 --> 00:15:32.017 And I was very impressed with that. they said it would be a slow process, but things were gradually improving 00:15:32.017 --> 00:15:37.453 It was a matter of breaking down tradition, and I was very happy to find that 00:15:37.453 --> 00:15:40.810 I'd like to know some of your other experiences. Yes, Yoriko? 00:15:40.810 --> 00:15:44.149 I've never seen any... Evidences? 00:15:44.149 --> 00:15:46.119 Evidence 00:15:46.119 --> 00:15:53.282 Evidences of racial prejudice in the United States 00:15:53.282 --> 00:16:02.700 But I found out that most Negroes are laborers, and they don't have a high position in business 00:16:03.093 --> 00:16:11.509 But I was very glad when I saw the Negro girl in Southridge-Columbia [?] High School 00:16:11.509 --> 00:16:17.094 Who was vice president of the student council 00:16:17.094 --> 00:16:20.152 I'm glad you did too. Yes, Ratnati? 00:16:20.152 --> 00:16:28.928 Here in New York and New Jersey I don't see any racial segregation, or anything like that 00:16:28.928 --> 00:16:36.000 But when we stopped in Williamsburg and went to the Negro school, I saw it's very strict 00:16:36.000 --> 00:16:40.707 I mean the Negroes go to the special Negro school 00:16:40.707 --> 00:16:47.319 And I was talking to some of the girls in the school and I asked them how they feel about being segregated? 00:16:47.319 --> 00:16:54.511 But they said that they don't mind about that, and what they want is equal rights 00:16:54.511 --> 00:17:00.631 And there are some places that they can't go such as restaurant or some clubs 00:17:00.631 --> 00:17:10.382 And I think that since all Americans claim and emphasize that America is the most democratic country in the world, 00:17:10.382 --> 00:17:18.640 But as long as segregation exists, I don't think it's democratic, not pure democratic 00:17:18.640 --> 00:17:27.975 Well, adding something to that, isn't it that in the pledge of allegiance to the American flag, you mention something about 00:17:27.975 --> 00:17:37.232 "I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and the republic for which it stands, one nation indivisible under God, with liberty and justice for all" 00:17:37.232 --> 00:17:46.646 Well the last phrase just doesn't suit everything, I mean with this segregation problem here and the discrimination against coloured people 00:17:46.646 --> 00:17:58.221 How in the world could you have liberty and justice for all? And in one of my hospitality periods... I didn't expect that even the kids could carry it that far 00:17:58.221 --> 00:18:07.008 I had the privilege, I should say, of attending one of the dances sponsored by one of the civic groups 00:18:07.008 --> 00:18:14.286 And I just noticed that, well it was a big dance floor and all the white kids were assembled on the left side 00:18:14.286 --> 00:18:20.745 And the most, well, shall we say, "not strategic" part of the ballroom, well all the coloured boys and girls were in there 00:18:20.745 --> 00:18:29.557 And I never saw a white boy asking a coloured girl for a dance, nor did I see a coloured boy asking white girl for a dance 00:18:30.623 --> 00:18:38.707 I had a nasty the experience too, when I first arrived here and I happened to mention to a group of young people that I was going to stay with the Negro family 00:18:38.707 --> 00:18:44.657 One of the boys got up and walked out of the room - and I felt awful, I thought, "well we're in the North now, not in the South" 00:18:44.657 --> 00:18:48.801 And then when we did go into the South, I really came against it pretty hard 00:18:48.801 --> 00:18:57.911 We went into this big store, and I was in the ladies cloakroom, and I was washing my hands, and I was with a group of the eastern delegates, the rather darker skinned ones like Ratnati 00:18:57.911 --> 00:19:05.680 And I was standing a little apart from them, and this lady came up to me and she pulled me to one side, obviously assuming that I was American, and she said, 00:19:05.680 --> 00:19:08.478 "What are these Negroes doing in here?" 00:19:08.478 --> 00:19:16.640 And I was so cross, and I told her as calmly as I could that I was with them, and who we were, and of course her attitude immediately changed.... 00:19:16.640 --> 00:19:20.454 But it gives you such a nasty shock when you come up against it face to face... 00:19:20.454 --> 00:19:27.334 You read about it in the newspapers, you hear about it, but you don't really realize the significance of it until it hits you in the face yourself 00:19:28.034 --> 00:19:34.560 I think the major cause of the prejudice is skin colour, and I think... 00:19:36.000 --> 00:19:47.440 I don't know why, but I think the white people think that coloured people have have dirty skin, 00:19:47.440 --> 00:19:53.880 And they don't have progressive cultures, 00:19:53.880 --> 00:20:02.330 And so the white people are the greatest and most wonderful people in the world, they think so 00:20:03.280 --> 00:20:08.829 On this matter of skin color, if you were here in the summer you'd see lots of Americans on all the beaches trying to get brown 00:20:08.829 --> 00:20:10.622 Yes, it's significant 00:20:10.622 --> 00:20:12.700 I wonder what that really means? 00:20:12.700 --> 00:20:20.390 I think we white women have an inferiority complex... The eastern women, and the the Negro women have a sort of reputation for being so beautiful, we're a little jealous of them 00:20:20.390 --> 00:20:23.023 I guess you just envy us colored people 00:20:23.023 --> 00:20:24.345 Well, I think so 00:20:24.345 --> 00:20:27.214 Well is there anything corresponding to that in...? 00:20:27.214 --> 00:20:33.926 Well I think so, Mrs. Waller, because in the Philippines, it's just funny... There's a common tendency among women 00:20:33.926 --> 00:20:41.543 Well those who have a dark complexion, I should say, or just a tanned one, or just a brown complexion 00:20:41.543 --> 00:20:50.370 Well, especially these high society matrons. Well, even if they've already got wrinkles on their face, they still want to bleach their skin! 00:20:50.370 --> 00:20:55.923 Suppose you meet one right now, and you say, "oh good morning" and you see that she's just tanned and brown 00:20:55.923 --> 00:21:06.400 But after three months you meet the same person... And with the useful society walk, and trying to be very dignified, and cultured and everything 00:21:06.400 --> 00:21:15.384 And you just notice that her face is lighter than before! and when you look at her hands and everything up to her arms, 00:21:15.384 --> 00:21:22.299 Well you'll be liable to exclaim HOLY MOSES! Because there's a real very great difference, you see 00:21:22.299 --> 00:21:31.837 She's very light here, but you look at the arms and everything, and the lower part of the body, and gee, it's just a very great difference 00:21:31.837 --> 00:21:35.089 It's coloured here, but it's very light there 00:21:35.089 --> 00:21:36.695 Do they really bleach their skin? 00:21:36.695 --> 00:21:38.636 They do Mrs. Waller 00:21:38.636 --> 00:21:41.934 What about Japan? Japanese women don't want to change it in any way, do they? 00:21:41.934 --> 00:21:48.696 Some Japanese women, umm, how do you say... Dye their hair red 00:21:48.696 --> 00:21:50.520 Really? 00:21:50.520 --> 00:21:54.364 Yes, they like red hair. But I don't like it 00:21:54.364 --> 00:21:56.681 What about in Indonesia? 00:21:56.681 --> 00:22:07.385 Well, as the Western people try to get darker skin, we try to get lighter skin, we protect ourselves from the sun 00:22:08.171 --> 00:22:11.228 But you're such a nice color now, I don't know why? 00:22:11.228 --> 00:22:18.734 When we go out we wear long-sleeve blouses to protect from the sun, so that we don't get a very dark colour 00:22:18.734 --> 00:22:25.171 Tell me, what are your governments, if anything, doing about problems of prejudice? 00:22:25.171 --> 00:22:29.541 You've each mentioned some prejudice that exists in your country, 00:22:29.541 --> 00:22:32.942 What are your governments doing to try to eradicate it? 00:22:32.942 --> 00:22:37.946 You mentioned the prejudice against hybrids, you mentioned the prejudice against hybrids too, 00:22:37.946 --> 00:22:45.427 You haven't told us much about the position of women... By the way, let me ask you right here, are women any freer in Japan now than they were before the war? 00:22:45.427 --> 00:22:56.594 Well before the war, there was no democracy, and women belonged to men, and men controlled women and everything, and... 00:22:56.594 --> 00:22:58.649 How about now? 00:22:58.649 --> 00:23:05.440 And men had the first opportunity to do everything, even getting out of the door... Women have to open the door first 00:23:05.440 --> 00:23:08.782 And the men passed first 00:23:09.418 --> 00:23:20.575 And in the buses or theaters men take a seat first, and if there is no seat, women have to stand there 00:23:20.575 --> 00:23:23.271 Oh, I'd love to live in Japan 00:23:24.000 --> 00:23:26.020 is it changing at all? 00:23:26.020 --> 00:23:34.352 Yes, it's quite changed, and now women can vote, and women have equal opportunity in everything 00:23:35.082 --> 00:23:39.826 Judith, you were talking about your prejudice against Cockney accent a moment ago 00:23:39.826 --> 00:23:44.863 Is that still very strong in England, this prejudice of the so-called aristocracy against the Cockney? 00:23:44.863 --> 00:23:49.042 No, I don't think it's a very serious problem now, especially since the war 00:23:49.042 --> 00:23:55.370 You know this idea that the English speak either with a Cockney accent, or else with a very aristocratic accent? 00:23:55.370 --> 00:24:00.575 That isn't true anymore, and we certainly don't despise people anymore if they speak like that 00:24:00.575 --> 00:24:07.071 If you go into the house of parliament now, you will often hear a Northcountry accent, or a Welsh accent, or even a Cockney accent 00:24:07.071 --> 00:24:12.640 And we're proud of those kind of people, because they are the people who got us through the last war, and nobody would dare say anything against them 00:24:12.640 --> 00:24:19.288 In fact it's the aristocratic accent which is the other side of the fence, and people laugh at that nowadays, I'm afraid 00:24:19.288 --> 00:24:26.800 In fact you may think that my accent is a little cultured, but I assure you back in England I have not quite a Cockney accent, but still an accent 00:24:26.800 --> 00:24:29.991 You mean to say your school-mistress would not totally approve of you? 00:24:29.991 --> 00:24:31.940 Oh no, I should be corrected 00:24:31.940 --> 00:24:33.959 I hate to think what's going to happen when you go back after three months here 00:24:33.959 --> 00:24:35.280 So do I 00:24:35.280 --> 00:24:44.034 You'll write me about that, won't you? I wanted to have time to ask you what you thought individuals could do in terms of eradicating prejudice 00:24:44.034 --> 00:24:46.480 But our time's almost up. Anybody got a quick answer? 00:24:46.480 --> 00:24:55.954 Well, I guess we should carefully examine the individual first before passing any judgment on him. And if we ever pass a judgment, we should be just with it 00:24:56.240 --> 00:25:03.716 That's a good note to end on. Thank you Ratnati, Yoriko, Judith and Raul 00:25:03.716 --> 00:25:10.661 Next week we're going to continue on this subject of prejudice, with four delegates from Africa: one white and three coloured 00:25:10.661 --> 00:25:15.600 The delegates from the Union of South Africa, Gold Coast, Ethiopia and Nigeria