[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.38,0:00:06.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪[Jazz music]♪
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.88,0:00:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So yeah, being one of the first
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.42,0:00:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,net culture or computers in society writers
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.40,0:00:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was, strategically, a poor move for me.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.76,0:00:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm living proof, though, \Nyou can still survive it,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.18,0:00:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you can get through it somehow, \Nby answering e-mail more slowly
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.14,0:00:29.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's funny,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.42,0:00:33.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wrote some notes because I thought \NI should be responsible,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.12,0:00:35.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you guys are real computer studies,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.59,0:00:38.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,computer science people,\Nas opposed to just,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.82,0:00:39.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.86,0:00:44.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your average,\Ndigitally illiterate audience.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.74,0:00:50.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I don't really need to make the case\N- I probably don't -
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.06,0:00:54.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on why learning something about \Ndigital technology is a smart thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.38,0:00:57.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you guys have already\Nmade that choice.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.91,0:01:02.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But something that occurred to me \Non the way here, actually,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.66,0:01:06.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you might not realize as young people
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.42,0:01:08.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you don't mind being called that
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.80,0:01:13.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...is that it's very hard to get
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.58,0:01:19.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an accurate sense of the biases \Nof the digital media environment...
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.46,0:01:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...when you've been raised inside it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.10,0:01:28.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words, what I want \Nto suggest to you is that
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.69,0:01:34.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those of us who are old enough to have \Nexperienced and consciously experienced
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.91,0:01:41.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the shift from a pre-digital media \Nenvironment to a digital media environment
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.57,0:01:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.66,0:01:47.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,understand something or sense something\Nor experience something
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.46,0:01:50.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,\Nabout the biases of digital technology
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.73,0:01:55.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is relatively difficult for those \Nof you who have been raised
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.61,0:01:58.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with digital technology to get.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.50,0:02:02.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right now this is the opposite argument \NI made through most of my career.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.19,0:02:06.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1995, I wrote a book called, \NPlaying the Future, where I argued that,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.44,0:02:08.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Don't worry, you grown ups!\N
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.19,0:02:10.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Digital technology is coming \Nand you feel overwhelmed.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.71,0:02:15.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you guys are digital immigrants \Nwhereas kids are digital natives.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.05,0:02:18.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you'll speak the language like \Nan immigrant, they'll speak like a native.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.56,0:02:21.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're always going to feel \Nslightly out of place and unsure,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.49,0:02:24.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and every time you have a hypertext link,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.19,0:02:27.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're gonna be a disoriented \Nbecause we're not used to that,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.26,0:02:29.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereas kids are going to experience \Nthat very naturally.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.51,0:02:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That what looks disjointed to us, \Nwill be a natural terrain for them.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.16,0:02:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they will have command, \Ndon't worry, the kids are alright."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.06,0:02:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as I've grown older, and \Nas I've watched where cyberspace has gone,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.42,0:02:45.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and where our culture has gone, or hasn't,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.16,0:02:51.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I realize that some of my elders were \Nactually more right about this than I was.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.73,0:02:53.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in reading all the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.24,0:02:56.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,finally catching up \Nwith who I was supposed to read,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.55,0:03:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I was younger, McCluen and Ong, \Nand all the great media theorists.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.02,0:03:05.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would read about the digital or\Nthe media environments,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.07,0:03:07.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this notion that McCluen had that,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.43,0:03:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you ask a fish about water he wouldn't \Nbe able to tell you what it is, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.39,0:03:17.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the fish is swimming in the water.\NThe fish not aware of the water.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.98,0:03:20.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you ask someone who is raised \Nin a television environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.63,0:03:22.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Oh, what about the impact of television \Non you?"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.66,0:03:24.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't say it because you're living \Nin it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.88,0:03:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're living in that media environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.64,0:03:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Likewise, those of us who are living in \Na digital media environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.72,0:03:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's very difficult for us \Nto parse its effect,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.56,0:03:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for us to feel what it is
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.68,0:03:42.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for us to understand the difference \Nbetween
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.41,0:03:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what it is to be a human being
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.28,0:03:49.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what it is to be a digital being.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.17,0:03:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.08,0:03:58.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being able to parse it, though, \Nbeing able to begin to look at that
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.56,0:04:03.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What Norbert Weinert used to call,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.21,0:04:04.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"the human use of human beings."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.51,0:04:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was one of the first people to talk \Nabout cybernetics
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.51,0:04:10.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think he invented the word, actually, \Nback when, cybernetics.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.22,0:04:12.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even though it got stolen.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.13,0:04:17.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was really looking at as we develop \Na computer environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.42,0:04:19.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how will we recognize the difference
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.11,0:04:21.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between humans and the machines \Nthat we're in?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.35,0:04:25.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How will we understand how to create \Na human,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.40,0:04:29.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a humanity-encouraging, \Ndigital media environment?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.39,0:04:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the reason why I think this \Nis important is because most of my peers
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.01,0:04:39.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,strongly disagree with this sentiment
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.38,0:04:41.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of my peers, and call them \Nthe sort of,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.95,0:04:44.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Negroponte, Kevin Kelley,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.96,0:04:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wired Magazine, Chris Anderson,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.07,0:04:54.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the way to Ray Kurzwhile \Non that spectrum, Clay Shirkey.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.76,0:04:59.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's this sense, and I used to have \Nsome of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.34,0:05:06.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is uncomfortably consonant with \Ncorporate capitalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.27,0:05:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's another story.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.14,0:05:03.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this sort of letter ripped sense \Nabout technology
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.86,0:05:08.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.23,0:05:12.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,human beings are merely one stage
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.47,0:05:17.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in information's inevitable evolution \Ntowards greater states of complexity.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.45,0:05:20.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they tell this very compelling story
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.23,0:05:23.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the beginning of time all the way \Nthrough now.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.77,0:05:28.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That matter has been groping \Ntoward greater states of complexity.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.17,0:05:33.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That we had atoms became molecules\Nand molecules became
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.14,0:05:37.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sort of these weird pre-proto-life things\Nwhich became cells
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.20,0:05:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now we have this whole life thing \Nthat happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.30,0:05:41.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And life got very complex\Nthrough evolution
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.100,0:05:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we had people
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.30,0:05:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And people built machines,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.10,0:05:50.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and machines are just sort of in that big\Nblue, overtake humanity moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.55,0:05:51.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when they do,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.01,0:05:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then machines, our computers, our networks\Nwill be the real host
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.54,0:05:59.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the evolution of information
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.01,0:06:02.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we human beings can tend \Nto those machines
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.17,0:06:04.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or, at best, upload our consciousness
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.74,0:06:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they will continue that journey \Nfor us.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.11,0:06:11.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, and each one has \Na different metaphor for explaining it
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.99,0:06:14.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, whether it's Kevin talking about
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.53,0:06:17.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what technology wants, right? \NWhat technology wants,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.76,0:06:19.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like it really wants.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.87,0:06:22.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not bias towards something, but \Nit wants something,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.73,0:06:24.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've made this thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.52,0:06:27.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just as God made people, \Npeople made technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.63,0:06:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this child will go on \Nwanting something.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.12,0:06:35.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or Ray Kurzwhile who will talk \Nabout the singularity,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.45,0:06:40.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I'm sure you've all read \Nor heard about, even on,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.26,0:06:44.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you find out about it in Vice Magazine\Nor anything, at this point
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.28,0:06:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea that technology reaches \Nthis point of,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.02,0:06:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not self-consciousness or self-awareness \Nnecessarily, but it just surpasses us
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.02,0:06:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It becomes this thing and can keep going.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.51,0:06:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.13,0:07:05.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for me it's a discomforting view\Nof humanity
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.19,0:07:08.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's also, I would argue, \Nan incorrect one, you know?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.67,0:07:11.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's one that is...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.04,0:07:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's one that is the result of living \Nunconsciously in a digital media environment
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.23,0:07:22.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's one where you let the digital media \Nenvironment dictate
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.93,0:07:24.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what you are and how you think \Nabout the world
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.74,0:07:27.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than maintaining some \Nsense of humanity in that.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.88,0:07:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what's interesting to me
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.02,0:07:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as I look at the history of computing, \Nwhich now we have
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.92,0:07:37.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as we look at computers in society, \Nwhich is a real thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.31,0:07:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, 20 years ago, 10 years ago,\Nwhen we taught courses like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.08,0:07:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was futurism.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.54,0:07:43.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Computers in Society was a course in,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.53,0:07:46.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What's it gonna be like someday \Nwhen people have e-mail?"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.33,0:07:48.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, there were times, and I'm sure \Nyou were in those conversations
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.85,0:07:52.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when people like me used to go \Nto a cocktail party
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.15,0:07:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or go to a publisher, \Nor explain to a magazine editor.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.18,0:07:57.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Someday people are going to have \Ntheir own computers
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.92,0:08:01.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are gonna send messages to eachother \Nusing little text editors
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.43,0:08:03.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using, you know, word processors,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.45,0:08:05.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they would literally laugh us \Nout of the room.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.100,0:08:10.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They did not, it seemed so outrageous, \Nthat - Or they'd walk around
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.89,0:08:12.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, you're not gonna have \Nto implant chips in people,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.93,0:08:15.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're gonna walk around with phones that\Nare gonna track them everywhere they go
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.93,0:08:17.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're gonna do this voluntarily
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.49,0:08:20.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're gonna give all their information .\NNo one believed us.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.49,0:08:22.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, of course that happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.25,0:08:25.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, the thing to me that's interesting \Nabout computer history,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.64,0:08:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we're gonna follow it from \Nthe history of humanity
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.12,0:08:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than the history of \Ntechnology, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.31,0:08:36.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's not worry about paper tape \Nto punch cards to tape to discs
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.30,0:08:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to hard drives to RAM.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.13,0:08:41.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's not worry about machine evolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.32,0:08:44.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you look at the difference \Nin people, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.29,0:08:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we look at history as the human story \Nrather than the story of stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.08,0:08:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then the interesting thing becomes
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.46,0:09:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the big switch, I think, is the shift from\Na pre-literate to a literate society.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.15,0:09:05.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we look at the impact of \Nthe printing press.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.16,0:09:06.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do we talk about it in terms of
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.57,0:09:10.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Oh, look! \NThese rooms filled up with books!"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.08,0:09:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, that's not the part \Nthat's interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.10,0:09:15.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The part that is interesting is \Npeople learned to read
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.03,0:09:16.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then when they learned to read,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.88,0:09:19.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had personal interpretations \Nof the Bible, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.96,0:09:23.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had a Protestant Reformation\Nwith people rebelling against the Church
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.37,0:09:25.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had the idea of "one man, one vote"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.19,0:09:26.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because everyone has \Ntheir own perspective.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.97,0:09:29.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It coincided with prospective painting.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.14,0:09:31.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It coincided with central banking.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.44,0:09:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all of these other, very...
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.27,0:09:36.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,analogous
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.64,0:09:41.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,human inventions that were all about \Npeople having individual perspectives,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.71,0:09:43.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"one man, one vote"\Nit led to the Enlightenment
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.71,0:09:45.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all this other stuff consumerism,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.71,0:09:49.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Industrial Era and everything else.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.37,0:09:52.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we look at digital technology \NI think we have to look at it that way.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.92,0:09:54.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words, what is\Nthe difference between
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.93,0:09:59.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a pre-literate digital society and \Na post-literate digital society?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.95,0:10:03.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, I'm over arguing for \Ndigital literacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.72,0:10:07.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think digital literacy is inevitable, \Nyou know?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.58,0:10:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I feel like I'm making that - when I...\Nit's my main talk that I do.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.68,0:10:13.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like "Programmer be programmed!"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.25,0:10:15.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I wrote this book,\NProgrammer Be Programmed.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.09,0:10:17.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to learn to program.\NIf you don't learn how to program,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.26,0:10:20.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're just swimming blindly \Nin a sea of information.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.54,0:10:23.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kids don't understand the biases \Nof the technologies they use.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.63,0:10:25.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you ask a kid \Nwhat Facebook's for,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.31,0:10:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he'll say Facebook's here\Nto help him make friends.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.57,0:10:28.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we all know Facebook is \Nreally not here
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.97,0:10:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's really here to monetize \Nthe social graft and all that.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.50,0:10:35.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then arguing, \Nthe Chinese are gonna come and take our military
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.82,0:10:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Iranians are gonna take \Nour banking and we gotta take something
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.16,0:10:43.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any argument I can to try to have schools\Nteach basic digital literacy in elementary schools
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.34,0:10:47.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,junior schools and high schools, \Nso that we're not stupid. which we are
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.70,0:10:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's like arguing, you imagine when\Nthey invented text
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.90,0:10:58.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh we're gonna have to learn 22 letters\Nwhich is 22 letter alphabet at the time
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.07,0:11:01.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're gonna have to learn these letters\Nin order to read
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.63,0:11:04.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, let the rabbis read, \Nlet the kings read, but the people don't
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.65,0:11:06.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have to read, do we, we regular people. yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.07,0:11:09.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's like people are so confused \Non this angle
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.73,0:11:14.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we will win this part war.\Njust as people learned how to use e-mail
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.66,0:11:20.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people decided to use phones\Npeople will eventually, we will teach kids
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.16,0:11:25.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to use digital technology\Nthey won't be completely blind
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.90,0:11:29.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the misperception now is that \Nlearning how to program is kind of like
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.98,0:11:32.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,becoming an auto mechanic\Nit's like "well I can drive a car"
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.92,0:11:35.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"why do I need to know how \Nit actually works"
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.57,0:11:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're not talking about the difference\Nbetween an allround mechanic and a driver
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.00,0:11:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're talking about the difference between\Na driver and a passenger
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.74,0:11:45.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a programmer is the user of the machine
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.43,0:11:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you don't understand the code\Nyou're not using the machine
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.28,0:11:52.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You are the used You are maybe the customer\Nbut you're not the producer
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.20,0:11:57.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's where you get to the real biases\Nof the digital age
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.85,0:12:00.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are easy for those of us who are\Naround before that to get
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.11,0:12:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The bias of the digital age, \Nof the digital era is toward production
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.52,0:12:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why it's digital\Nwhere do we even get the word digits from
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.52,0:12:12.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Digits are the fingers. \NThey were ten fingers. Digital
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.62,0:12:19.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is digital media. \NThis is media that is constructivist
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.42,0:12:21.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's media that you make stuff with
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.77,0:12:25.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The media before digital \Nwas all receive only
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.74,0:12:30.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was all... they were no\NDo you still read write-only
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.74,0:12:34.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,read only files. Is that still existing?\NOh good
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.74,0:12:38.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For me, when I understood what digital was\Nwas the first time
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.22,0:12:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I was asked to save a file \Non the Princeton mainframe computer
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.74,0:12:45.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you had to save a file
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.45,0:12:47.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is before we used papertape to save \Nyour program
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.29,0:12:49.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you actually could save to a disc
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.07,0:12:51.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it asked me "is this gonna be a \Nread-only file?"
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.64,0:12:55.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is this gonna be a restricted file or \Nread-only file or a read/write file?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.44,0:12:59.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all of a sudden I went\N"Oh my god"
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.39,0:13:03.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You mean all of this time they could have\Nbeen saving this stuff as read/write
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.39,0:13:07.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I looked back at the media \Nthat I had been exposed to
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.48,0:13:10.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, I was a Brady bunch kid\Nand television was a read-only medium
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.13,0:13:15.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,television and radio, all the broadcast \Nmedium, all the book, everything I got
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.40,0:13:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these were read-only media
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.55,0:13:22.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now I was stepping into a world where \Nwe had read/write media
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.66,0:13:26.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where everything that was put out there\Nif it wasn't being made changeable by me
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.53,0:13:31.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then it was a conscious choice of \Nthe author to restrict that changeability
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.46,0:13:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the bias was towards me being able\Nto copy that file and change it
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.39,0:13:42.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or not even copy it, just change the file\Nthat was already there
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.51,0:13:47.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that kind of flipped it around\Nthat's when I realized\N
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.64,0:13:53.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Oh my gosh. if this really works\NIf digital technology really happens
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.29,0:13:58.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then it will be as big a change on human\Nsociety as text itself
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.100,0:14:02.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's gonna be that big a flip\NAnd text was a big flip
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.17,0:14:06.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we got text\Nwhen we got the 22 letter alphabet
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.28,0:14:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We got contracts, we got accountability\NWe got the judeo-christian religion
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.53,0:14:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We got linear time
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.20,0:14:16.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We got cause and effect ultimately
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.28,0:14:20.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Text allowed us to put something down\Nand leave and someone else could read it
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.62,0:14:22.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it changed...
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.19,0:14:25.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you think about the difference between\Nan oral civilization
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.47,0:14:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where other people have to be in the room\Nwith you to get something
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.62,0:14:32.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a text civilization where you can\Nleave it, go and then someone else finds it
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.71,0:14:34.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of a sudden everything is different
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.40,0:14:39.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This shift that we are undergoing now is\Nas big as that
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.19,0:14:44.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what happens is a -\Ncertainly the last 600 years
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.41,0:14:48.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but probably the last 2000 years of \Nemphasis towards
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.25,0:14:53.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sort of a top-down control of \Nnot just civilizations
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.65,0:14:57.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but organizations, families and \Npretty much every thing
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.89,0:15:04.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and religion's changes to\Na bottom-up, peer-to-peer conncected
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.65,0:15:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just sensibility but organizational\Nstructure