[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.25,0:00:01.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome, everybody.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.74,0:00:06.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kimberly Christen-Withey is an Associate\NProfessor and Associate Director
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.76,0:00:11.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Digital Technology Cultural\NProgram, in the Department of English
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.49,0:00:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Director of Digital Projects
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.85,0:00:16.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the Plateau Center\Nfor American Indian Studies
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.21,0:00:18.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at Washington State University.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.36,0:00:23.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her work explores the intersections\Nof cultural heritage,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.15,0:00:26.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,traditional knowledge,\Nintellectual property rights,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.81,0:00:28.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ethics of openness,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.78,0:00:33.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the use of digital technologies\Nin and by indigenous communities globally.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.92,0:00:38.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's worked in Tennant Creek,\NNorthern Territory, Australia
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.75,0:00:44.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the last decade with the Warumungu\Ncommunity members on a range of projects
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.80,0:00:48.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including a book, an interactive website,\Nand a community archive.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.18,0:00:53.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her collaborations with the Warumungu\Nfocused on alliance-making
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.94,0:00:55.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in cross cultural projects.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.22,0:01:00.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her book {\i1}Aboriginal Business:\NAlliances in a Remote Australian Town{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.99,0:01:05.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was published in 2009 by\NThe School of Advanced Research
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.38,0:01:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as part of their global indigenous\Npolitic series.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.57,0:01:13.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Currently, she is working on several\Ndigital humanities projects
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.18,0:01:18.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that explore the ethical and practical\Nissues of openness and access,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.39,0:01:22.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in relation to indigenous cultural\Nprotocols and digital archives.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.32,0:01:26.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are to me crucial issues\Nthat the bureau faces
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.99,0:01:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm so happy to welcome Kim here.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.86,0:01:31.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Kimberly Christen-Withey) Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.09,0:01:37.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know if we want to keep the lights\Non, or off, or how you want to do it?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.22,0:01:39.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You just let me know how\Nthe slides look, but.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.89,0:01:41.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, there you go!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.23,0:01:45.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you to Neil and Trevor\Nand everyone for inviting me here today.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.95,0:01:51.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have to confess that I have--\NI present and speak in a lot of places,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.33,0:01:53.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,never in what appears to be a garage.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.23,0:01:55.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(laughter) But this is awesome.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.01,0:01:57.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, with a green screen behind me
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.39,0:02:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I'm feeling very sort of Hollywood\Nhere, this is great.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.26,0:02:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're in the midst of,\Nwe don't have a physical space
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.07,0:02:07.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for what will eventually be something\Nlike a digital humanities center.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.57,0:02:09.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't even know what the name\Nof it's going to be at WSU yet,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.99,0:02:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I'm scoping out all the places I go\Nand this is just a fantastic space
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.85,0:02:16.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you all have created here,\Nso it is indeed,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.87,0:02:20.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as Neil sort of foreshadowed,\Nan exciting time to be here.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.26,0:02:24.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an exciting time to be thinking\Nabout the digital humanities in general.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.95,0:02:28.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And more specifically, really, I think\Nabout how we can all shape
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.12,0:02:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what the trajectory of this\Nstill-emergent field.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.74,0:02:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's still pretty new, we're still\Ndefining the contours.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.45,0:02:37.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lot to love about\Ndigital humanities.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.71,0:02:42.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's exciting to be or at least sort of\Nimagine oneself on the cutting edge
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.37,0:02:45.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of humanistic scholarship.\NYou know, especially in universities
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.53,0:02:50.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we often in the Humanities get pushed\Nto the bottom rungs and the scientists
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.64,0:02:52.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are the ones doing the creative\Nand cutting-edge things.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.99,0:02:55.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, digital humanities brings all that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.62,0:02:59.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And digital humanities of course\Nis rooted in fields dedicated to things
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.20,0:03:02.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like textual analysis,\Nhistorical examination.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.97,0:03:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the present moment is filled with\NDH practitioners extending these
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.14,0:03:11.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,modes of inquiry to create visualizations\Nwith big data, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.17,0:03:14.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the thing, hot topic right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.61,0:03:19.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wrangling, searching, and compiling sets\Nof data for interpretation and analysis.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.21,0:03:23.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's also a lot of alternative mapping\Nprojects that're really exciting,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.31,0:03:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that bring together literature, history,\Nand geography to raise new questions
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.77,0:03:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the importance of places,\Nnations, and cities
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.20,0:03:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the circulation of knowledge.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.60,0:03:36.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, sort of one\Nof the bedrocks, digital archives.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.43,0:03:41.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the things that digital humanities\Nstarted out doing and does really well
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.03,0:03:45.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that provide new ways of exploring,\Nlinking, annotating, and curating content
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.89,0:03:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across and between fields of study.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.86,0:03:52.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while we're doing this, I'll use\Nthe "we" since we're all here today
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.85,0:03:56.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as digital humanities practitioners.\NWe're not only creating things,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.06,0:04:00.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're also defining a field that's\Ninterdisciplinary by it's nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.07,0:04:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're asking ourselves,\Nwhat sets us apart?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.04,0:04:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What {\i1}is{\i0} digital humanities or what are?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.57,0:04:07.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm going to move\Nbetween the two today.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.93,0:04:09.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't like to stick in any one place.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.57,0:04:13.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I'm not going to go down that road.\NIt's a persistent question though.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.25,0:04:15.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Who{\i0} are we?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.58,0:04:17.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who and what counts among us,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.89,0:04:20.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how does that matter\Nto our scholarship?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.41,0:04:23.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether it be how we publish,\Nwhere we publish,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.65,0:04:28.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the theories we extend to our data sets\Nand by what means we get tenure.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.22,0:04:31.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lot of talk and debate,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.36,0:04:36.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will this digital humanities project\N{\i1}count{\i0}, to get tenure?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.49,0:04:39.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have tenure so I have to no longer\Nanswer that question,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.74,0:04:41.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's a persistent question
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.25,0:04:43.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's one that we're\Nall grappling with.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.36,0:04:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this kind of self reflection\Nis necessary for any field.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.20,0:04:48.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It inspires growth.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.85,0:04:52.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It provides a fertile ground\Nfor collaboration, I think.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.45,0:04:54.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can also often be daunting,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.81,0:04:56.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this type of self reflection.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.34,0:04:58.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it can provoke some anxiety.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.57,0:05:01.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in my very quick\Nand very non-scientific sample
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.86,0:05:07.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of quotes pulled from recent publications\Nby thoughtful digital humanities folks,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.48,0:05:10.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking to intervene, make a difference,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.10,0:05:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and engage a diverse audience\Nof scholars and practitioners.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.42,0:05:15.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I see that things are critical.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.51,0:05:18.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're pivotal.\NWe need justification.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.73,0:05:21.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's anxiety and uncertainty here.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.99,0:05:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just reading these quotes\Nmakes you a little nervous,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.54,0:05:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just imagine reading all the articles\Nthat led to these.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.10,0:05:32.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is an active debate\Nand it can sometimes be tiring,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.25,0:05:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's also positive.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.12,0:05:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One answer to this anxiety about\Ndefinitions and the state of the field
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.50,0:05:40.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been the creation of manifestos,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.47,0:05:44.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that seek to define a core set of ideals.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.16,0:05:46.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ok, if we're going to be\Nthe digital humanities,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.36,0:05:48.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to have a core set of ideals.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.05,0:05:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We may not have to have a cannon,\Nbut we have to have something we stand by
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.60,0:05:55.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and manifestos are a good way\Nof doing that, of staking your claim.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.97,0:06:00.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The digital humanities 2.0 manifesto,\Ncreated by a group of scholars at UCLA,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.95,0:06:03.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suggest that the digital humanities\Nbring together,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.86,0:06:08.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"An array of convergent practices\Nthat explore a universe,"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.90,0:06:14.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"in which print is no longer\Nthe exclusive or normative medium,"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.42,0:06:18.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"in which knowledge is produced\Nand/or disseminated,"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.17,0:06:22.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, in which, "digital tools,\Ntechniques, and media"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.81,0:06:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"have altered the production\Nand dissemination of knowledge."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.00,0:06:30.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's a lot going on there,\Nprint has been displaced.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.17,0:06:33.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have these new production\Nand dissemination tools,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.58,0:06:35.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and theories, and methods behind them,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.68,0:06:38.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they go on to define\Nthe borders of this universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.88,0:06:41.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The contours, the how we're going\Nto make ourselves different.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.75,0:06:48.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Arguing that the digital is the realm\Nof "the open source open resources."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.39,0:06:50.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Anything that attempts\Nto close this space"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.62,0:06:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"should be recognized for what it is..."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.77,0:06:55.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"...the enemy."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.11,0:06:56.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their words.\N(laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.92,0:06:59.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have two boys, so this is\Nmy enemy in my house.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.80,0:07:02.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(laughter) You may have other ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.26,0:07:06.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Certainly, as a manifesto, \Nsome of this is inflated prose, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.24,0:07:10.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Manifestos by their nature\Nare meant to inspire action.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.85,0:07:15.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They want to mobilize people around\Nsomething that we need to stand for.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.17,0:07:17.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in American culture, there's no\Nbetter way to do that
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.61,0:07:19.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than to have an enemy,\Nan us and a them,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.79,0:07:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we know where we are.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.64,0:07:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the us knows the them
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.13,0:07:26.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can mobilize resources around that.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.59,0:07:31.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So part of this seemingly vigilant focus\Non open access, I think,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.14,0:07:38.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes from a general and often unreflected\Nlove affair with the ideal of openness.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.66,0:07:42.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ideal of openness\Nand not necessarily
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.19,0:07:47.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a critical apprisal of the cultural\Nor historical basis of openness.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.73,0:07:51.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the ideal of openness has deep roots
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.29,0:07:55.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in liberal scholarship, where the\Ndigital humanities is growing from.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.20,0:07:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, progressive notions\Nof academic freedom and research.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.31,0:08:03.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is not necessarily a negative form\Nor connotation and it's not necessary
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.25,0:08:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to say that open access should be\Nsomething we strive for in certain cases.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.35,0:08:12.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But while we're loving openness so much,\NI think we have forgotten that open
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.03,0:08:15.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is only one form of sharing.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.12,0:08:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are in fact many modes of sharing,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.28,0:08:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only one of which is complete openness.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.52,0:08:24.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we already practice these modalities
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.07,0:08:27.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of sharing in our everyday lives,\Nonline and offline.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.80,0:08:31.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Long before Facebook ever gave us\Nthe choice, people had varied
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.84,0:08:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social and cultural protocols to filter\Nhow and with whom we shared information.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.72,0:08:40.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sharing and circulating knowledge
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.29,0:08:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is an integral part\Nof the digital humanities,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.83,0:08:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Todd Presner has suggested\Nthat there have been two waves, thus far,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.96,0:08:49.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of digital humanities scholarship.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.100,0:08:55.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, large scale digitization projects\Nand technical infrastructure projects.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.98,0:08:58.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These focus mainly on text
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.13,0:09:02.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and making them open\Nand accessible to a general public.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.13,0:09:04.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we have a library, let's open up\Nsome of these collections.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.79,0:09:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's digitize them,\Nlet's get them online.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.07,0:09:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's create the infrastructure\Nto do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.84,0:09:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He suggests that was the first wave\Nof digital humanities scholarship.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.92,0:09:18.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With what he calls DH 2.0,\Nhe suggests a move to producing,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.81,0:09:21.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,curating, and interacting with materials,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.78,0:09:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly those that are born digital.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.13,0:09:27.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these overlap and I don't think\Nthat he would suggest,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.15,0:09:30.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm not suggesting that either\Nof these waves are complete.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.55,0:09:33.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're still both going on.\NThey crash into each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.27,0:09:36.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't want to suggest another wave here.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.91,0:09:40.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, what I'd like to suggest\Nand what I'd like to throw out
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.15,0:09:41.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is more of a beacon,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.75,0:09:45.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,somewhere in the distance\Nas these waves are crashing.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.20,0:09:48.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A reminder that as the waves are going on,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.61,0:09:52.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we mingle, as we digitize,\Nas we create,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.11,0:09:55.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we curate, as we archive,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.11,0:09:58.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we also, and at the same time,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.41,0:10:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unpack the underlying assumptions
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.02,0:10:04.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about this gaze that we are producing.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.48,0:10:07.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Digital humanities project are producing
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.24,0:10:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a way of seeing and being seen
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.54,0:10:14.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the act of looking as a process\Nof knowledge acquisition.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.76,0:10:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.92,0:10:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We get the knowledge\Nfrom it, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.98,0:10:22.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are quite literally grounded\Nin a new visual field
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.64,0:10:25.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're all taking part of\Nand creating.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.51,0:10:26.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In their recent book,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.81,0:10:29.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Practices of Looking:\NAn Introduction to Visual Culture,{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.94,0:10:33.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marita Sturken and Lisa Cartwright\Nargue that there is
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.22,0:10:38.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"an economy of looking,\Nwhether tacit or explicit,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.30,0:10:40.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"in all cultural practices."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.97,0:10:43.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So practices of looking then,\Nare deeply embedded
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.95,0:10:46.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our own cultural logics\Nand our social structures,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.08,0:10:52.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as such, I want to suggest today\Nthat these are deeply ethical acts
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.19,0:10:54.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're worthy\Nof our attention because so.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.31,0:10:59.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our practices of looking tell us more\Nabout how we understand the world
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.47,0:11:01.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than what we're seeing.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.62,0:11:05.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to examine how technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.34,0:11:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly the technological tools\Nthat we're creating and culture,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.42,0:11:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only our own culture,\Nthe various cultures interact.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.28,0:11:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And more importantly, how these modes\Nand cultural practices can inform
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.41,0:11:22.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our uses of technology to create\Nvarious types and tools for looking.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.28,0:11:25.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One way of doing this, not the only way,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.79,0:11:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but one way of doing this is moving away\Nfrom this center of digital humanities
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.39,0:11:33.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Presner and other have defined\Nand that I started out with.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.83,0:11:37.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the center, that's the core\Nof digital humanities to date.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.35,0:11:41.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we move off to the margins,\Nwhere subaltern, post-colonial,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.38,0:11:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and indigenous projects are asking us\Nto see and look differently,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.80,0:11:48.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we might be able to integrate those\Nback into the center.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.70,0:11:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in 2002 after seven years of working\Nwith the Warumungu Aboriginal community
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.54,0:11:58.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Australia's Central Desert,\Ntogether we embarked on a collaboration
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.97,0:12:01.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create a digital archive
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.18,0:12:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on their own\Ncultural protocols for viewing,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.94,0:12:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,circulating, and creating knowledge,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.60,0:12:09.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both tangible and intangible.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.34,0:12:13.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This all started when the gentleman\Nin the middle here, Michael Jampin Jones
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.07,0:12:18.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I and a group of other people\Nwent to the National Archives.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.11,0:12:20.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Tennant Creek, if you\Nimagine Australia,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.90,0:12:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tennant Creek is almost\Nexactly dead center.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.82,0:12:26.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's 500 kilometers north of Alice Springs
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.64,0:12:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 1,000 kilometers south of Darwin.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.36,0:12:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's almost right\Nin the middle of the desert.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.50,0:12:36.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we drove to Darwin to look\Nat the National Archives
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.05,0:12:39.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we looked at physical collections\Nand then we sat and looked
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.41,0:12:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at their database of things\Nthat they had digitized.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.25,0:12:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As I sat with Jampin, we saw images\Nof deceased relatives.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.74,0:12:51.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We saw pictures of sacred sites\Nand initiation ceremonies
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.43,0:12:54.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that should {\i1}not{\i0} be seen\Nby a public audience.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.43,0:12:56.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jampin and others were distressed
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.24,0:13:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at this sort of public presentation\Nof their cultural protocols.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.55,0:13:05.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Australian archives, like many\Nworldwide in the 1990's,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.20,0:13:08.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,embraced the possibility\Nof digital technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.09,0:13:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make their collections\Nopen to the public.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.58,0:13:16.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without examining the colonial collecting\Nlogic that populated the public domain.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.89,0:13:20.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So not only in Australia but in settler\Nnations around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.86,0:13:25.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it takes some historical amnesia for us\Nall to forget that the public domain
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.80,0:13:28.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has never been a welcoming space\Nfor indigenous peoples,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.23,0:13:33.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose cultural materials found their way\Ninto public and private collections
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.24,0:13:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by dubious and often violent means.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.59,0:13:38.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was certainly true for the Warumungu
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.65,0:13:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the collections we saw at\Nthe National Museums throughout Australia
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.38,0:13:44.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as in their online databases.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.26,0:13:50.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, a lot of the museums throughout\NAustralia have heralded this call
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.35,0:13:54.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they are bringing communities\Nin to look at the collections
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.06,0:13:56.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if there are items that they\Ndon't want to be seen,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.68,0:14:00.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oftentimes now, there has been a change\Nover the last 10 to 15, 20 years
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.94,0:14:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where museums will oftentimes not display\Nitems if communities don't want them to
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.32,0:14:10.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you will see, and this is where\NAustralia is a little more the forefront
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.73,0:14:14.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the United States, you will see\Nwarnings on collections,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.54,0:14:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes online but also offline,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.00,0:14:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there's material in here\Nthat you may not want to see.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.50,0:14:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the collection's not necessarily\Ntaken down but there are warnings.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.33,0:14:25.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a step.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.97,0:14:28.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the Warumungu community,\Ncultural materials and knowledge
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.88,0:14:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are shared within a set\Nof cultural protocols,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.88,0:14:36.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,driven by their relationships to places.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.18,0:14:39.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very specific places on the landscape.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.22,0:14:41.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where they were born,\Nwhere they were conceived,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.66,0:14:44.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where their parents lived, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.02,0:14:47.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And their ancestors,\Nhuman and non-human,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.51,0:14:50.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and kin, the contemporary\NWarumungu people.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.77,0:14:53.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These variables determine multiple types
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.24,0:14:55.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of information circulation.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.24,0:14:57.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they combine and move.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.11,0:15:02.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the Warumungu context, there's this\Ncontinuum between open and closed.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.80,0:15:05.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's rarely anything that's just\Ncompletely open,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.90,0:15:09.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or anything that's completely closed\Nand shut off.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.32,0:15:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are several factors that go into\Nactually defining this continuum.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.86,0:15:19.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's death, when people die\Noften for various amounts of times,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.34,0:15:21.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pictures, images, songs that they sung,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.88,0:15:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything will be taken down\Nbut eventually it will come back.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.08,0:15:30.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ritual affiliations, so the knowledge\Nthat you have of particular rituals.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.16,0:15:35.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Country, like I said, the physical places\Non the landscape.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.33,0:15:39.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your kin groups and gender\Nis a big influence
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.52,0:15:41.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the way that information circulates.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.50,0:15:44.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's always men's business\Nand women's business.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.26,0:15:47.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this isn't a type of patriarchy.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.49,0:15:51.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This isn't a form of oppression,\Nin fact, it's a complementary system.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.22,0:15:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Men's business and women's business\Nwork together.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.84,0:15:57.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't necessarily know exactly\Nwhat the other is doing,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.22,0:16:01.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in order to ensure the growth\Nand continuation of the community
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.23,0:16:03.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of knowledge, they both\Nhave to do their business.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:03.61,0:16:07.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's interesting and that's where\Nthe title of my book comes from
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.06,0:16:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they chose the word\Nin English, "business,"
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.27,0:16:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to talk about their ritual practices
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.78,0:16:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's what's important.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.61,0:16:17.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? That is what keeps things going.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.42,0:16:20.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it's an interesting choice\Nin English to use that word.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.65,0:16:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for example, there may be some songs\Nthat are only accessible
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.54,0:16:27.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to be sung by women\Nfrom a certain kin group,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.93,0:16:29.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a certain place.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.45,0:16:34.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or there might be a water hole\Nthat is cared for by a certain kin group
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.18,0:16:36.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at certain times and if someone dies
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.53,0:16:38.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't sing their songs\Nat that water hole
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.57,0:16:40.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a certain amount of time.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.07,0:16:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so on, and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.71,0:16:45.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The point is that there are multiple\Nsocial and cultural factors
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.62,0:16:48.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that go into the diffusion\Nand creation of knowledge.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.25,0:16:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So over several years, we worked\Nto take this sort of offline system
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.62,0:16:58.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and make it flexible enough to accommodate\Nany set of cultural needs.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.94,0:17:01.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rather than working from\Na Western paradigm
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.75,0:17:05.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that information wants\Nto be free and open to all,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.68,0:17:09.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what indigenous communities around\Nthe world remind us is that, in fact,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.19,0:17:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,information and knowledge\Nis always grounded.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.90,0:17:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's rooted to local places\Nand people even as it travels and moves.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.95,0:17:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When it travels, it gathers stories,\Nnarratives, histories.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.16,0:17:26.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It joins people together as they seek\Nto make their worlds more meaningful.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.50,0:17:30.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How people define these travels\Nare driven by their cultural values.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.58,0:17:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the Warumungu \Nand other indigenous people,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.88,0:17:37.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is based on not seeing,\Nor partially seeing,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.60,0:17:39.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or seeing differently.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.33,0:17:42.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is one of my favorite\Ntypes of images.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.48,0:17:45.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first time I saw this was at Uluru\Nin the Central Desert in Australia
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.96,0:17:48.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the Visitor's Center.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.48,0:17:54.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Aboriginal population there\Nhad gone into the Visitor's Center
Dialogue: 0,0:17:54.49,0:17:59.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and taken cardboard and duct tape\Nand taped over a bunch of images
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.72,0:18:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of an elder who had passed away.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.01,0:18:06.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you have this very stark example
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.43,0:18:09.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this is our cultural practice.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.84,0:18:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You shouldn't be looking at this.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:13.39,0:18:16.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? And so it was the first time\NI saw that and I'm thinking,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.52,0:18:21.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Wow, it's very material practice for us\Nto actually jolt you out of that."
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.18,0:18:23.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you go to a visitor's center,\Na learning center,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.62,0:18:26.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you want to go there and learn about\Nthe other people, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.22,0:18:29.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here we were learning\Nabout a viewing practice.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:29.82,0:18:32.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So not seeing seems counter-intuitive,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:32.87,0:18:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only to the work of the humanities,\Nbut libraries, archivists,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.44,0:18:40.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we rely so deeply on texts\Nand circulating images
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.81,0:18:43.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and making them open for everybody.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:43.94,0:18:48.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if we start here, we may find new ways\Nof defining the digital humanities.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.55,0:18:53.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in 2005, based on these practices\Nand my work with the Warumugu,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:53.36,0:18:57.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,several Warumungu community members\Nand I worked with the Vectors team
Dialogue: 0,0:18:57.43,0:19:00.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of USC, lead by Tara McPherson,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:00.65,0:19:03.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who's wonderful, who many of you\Nprobably know.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.01,0:19:07.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we created the Digital Dynamics\Nof Cross Cultures Online Space,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:07.69,0:19:11.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as part of the, I think it was the second\Nor third issue of Vectors
Dialogue: 0,0:19:11.22,0:19:13.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it came out, way back in 2005.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:13.93,0:19:17.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our goal was to use the medium itself\Nto disrupt the message.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.30,0:19:23.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the default viewing protocols online\Nand underpinning many DH projects
Dialogue: 0,0:19:23.53,0:19:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is search and you will find, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.21,0:19:31.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Search has become this framework\Nfor the ecology of information sharing
Dialogue: 0,0:19:31.24,0:19:32.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:32.72,0:19:35.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like colonial frameworks of searching,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:35.01,0:19:37.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the expectation of online search is that
Dialogue: 0,0:19:37.19,0:19:39.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will find what you're looking for
Dialogue: 0,0:19:39.07,0:19:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can use it and take it\Nfor your own purposes.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:42.25,0:19:43.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:43.26,0:19:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's that same sort of paradigm.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:45.04,0:19:46.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what our students do,\Nthis is what I do.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.82,0:19:49.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got this on there, right?\NI search. Google.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:49.18,0:19:51.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what comes up\Nin their image archive.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:51.87,0:19:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So our Vector site is meant to challenge\Nthis mode of knowledge collection
Dialogue: 0,0:19:56.54,0:19:58.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's attempt at ethical assumptions.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:00.39,0:20:04.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when a viewer begins,\Nthey begin in a place.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:04.74,0:20:06.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these are representations,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:06.64,0:20:10.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all of the artwork was done by\NWarumungu artists,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:10.70,0:20:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so each of the circles is a place.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:14.22,0:20:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when they first did this,\Nwe did not have them in correct
Dialogue: 0,0:20:20.44,0:20:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,geographical relationship to each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:22.97,0:20:26.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They said, "No, no, no. We don't want\Npeople to be able to know"
Dialogue: 0,0:20:26.38,0:20:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"exactly what the place looks like"
Dialogue: 0,0:20:28.06,0:20:30.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"but they always have to be in place."
Dialogue: 0,0:20:30.85,0:20:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they still have to be\Nat the proper coordinates.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:34.04,0:20:39.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the things Jampin reminded me\Nwas that all knowledge is placed
Dialogue: 0,0:20:39.79,0:20:41.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all places have knowledge.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:42.16,0:20:44.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can't know without being there.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:44.60,0:20:47.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we start in place\Nand a viewer starts there.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:47.55,0:20:50.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, you click on a place\Nand these are your tracks.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:50.15,0:20:54.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The site will chart your tracks\Nas you move throughout the place.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:55.26,0:20:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You will get a textual introduction\Noverview of the place.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:59.56,0:21:02.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this place is Manga-Manda.\NIt's an old Christian mission
Dialogue: 0,0:21:02.95,0:21:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where children were taken,\Na stolen generation.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:06.07,0:21:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of you may have heard they were\Ntaken away from their families
Dialogue: 0,0:21:09.52,0:21:10.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not too far from Tennant Creek,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:10.99,0:21:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taken to this mission to learn\NEuropean skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:14.06,0:21:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you'll get a little bit\Nof information there
Dialogue: 0,0:21:15.76,0:21:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you can click\Non the nodes off to the right.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:19.51,0:21:22.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then you'll get some more specific\Ninformation about what happened there.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:22.90,0:21:25.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might learn something\Nabout the ceremonies
Dialogue: 0,0:21:25.29,0:21:29.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what we're trying to do here\Nis start you down the path,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:29.51,0:21:32.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this sort of expectation of an online site
Dialogue: 0,0:21:32.13,0:21:34.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that you're going to be learning\Nsomething, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.26,0:21:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're going to be learning something\Nabout Warumungu culture,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:36.98,0:21:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's what you're here for.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:38.68,0:21:41.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we start to fulfill\Nthat expectation.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:41.53,0:21:42.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Except that we don't.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:42.60,0:21:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as viewers continue to maneuver\Nthroughout the site, you're stopped.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:48.61,0:21:51.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A photo may be partially covered\Nbecause the person in the picture
Dialogue: 0,0:21:51.74,0:21:53.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has recently passed away.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:54.32,0:21:57.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or you might be watching a video,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:57.28,0:22:00.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(woman speaking on video clip)
Dialogue: 0,0:22:16.20,0:22:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it'll stop.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:18.51,0:22:20.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or you might be listening to a song,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:20.68,0:22:23.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(traditional chanting audio clip)
Dialogue: 0,0:22:29.39,0:22:32.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it'll fade in and out,\Ndepending on the content.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:32.01,0:22:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(chanting audio clip begins again)
Dialogue: 0,0:22:38.59,0:22:44.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We purposely did not translate\Nany of the videos, or songs,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:44.10,0:22:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or anything and we got this\Nsort of feedback from some anthropologists
Dialogue: 0,0:22:48.50,0:22:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the first site came out,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:50.02,0:22:51.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we can't understand\Nwhat they're saying.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:51.96,0:22:56.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I tried to explain, well because\Nit's not really about what they're saying.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:56.51,0:22:57.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're actually trying to teach you about
Dialogue: 0,0:22:57.92,0:23:00.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your own learning practices\Nand cultural protocols.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:00.62,0:23:01.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this was an anthropologist
Dialogue: 0,0:23:01.78,0:23:03.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he's like, "But I can't hear\Nwhat they're saying!"
Dialogue: 0,0:23:03.64,0:23:07.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(laughing) So we had a long debate\Non an anthropology blog about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:07.89,0:23:10.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the site is designed in such a way,\Nthere's an algorithm
Dialogue: 0,0:23:10.59,0:23:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a random sampling of material
Dialogue: 0,0:23:12.68,0:23:15.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will always come up with\None of nine protocols.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:15.07,0:23:19.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the protocols were chosen\Nby the Warumungu community,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:19.76,0:23:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,related to circulation and access.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:23.08,0:23:25.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in each case though\Nwhen a viewer is stopped,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:25.80,0:23:28.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we don't want to just stop them\Nand have them be frustrated.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:28.75,0:23:30.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We do want to frustrate them\Nfor a moment
Dialogue: 0,0:23:30.92,0:23:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then you'll go to or learn\Nabout this protocol site.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:34.57,0:23:36.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you'll get a short explanation.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.43,0:23:38.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, why is it that I can't see this?
Dialogue: 0,0:23:38.93,0:23:43.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, in some cases, custodians\Nfor country are gendered
Dialogue: 0,0:23:43.90,0:23:46.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so it goes on to define that\Nand what that means.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:46.94,0:23:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the Warumungu artist\Nthat we worked with also created
Dialogue: 0,0:23:49.86,0:23:52.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,short animations for several\Nof the protocols.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:53.45,0:23:57.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you'll get a touch tool explanation\Nor you'll watch a short animation
Dialogue: 0,0:23:57.22,0:23:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the protocol.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:58.52,0:24:02.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you're starting to see, ok,\Nit's not that the site isn't working,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:02.31,0:24:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not that I should be learning this\Nand I'm learning that,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:05.64,0:24:09.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the hope was that as users\Nmaneuver throughout the site,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:09.86,0:24:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'll grapple with their own biases
Dialogue: 0,0:24:12.19,0:24:16.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about information freedom\Nand knowledge sharing online.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:16.24,0:24:18.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Through a set of alternative\Nlooking practices.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:19.00,0:24:22.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where not looking,\Nor averting your gaze
Dialogue: 0,0:24:22.11,0:24:25.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or being denied access\Nis a type of ethical behavior.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:28.26,0:24:30.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not a repercussion,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:30.12,0:24:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not a penalty,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:31.20,0:24:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not an error.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:32.87,0:24:36.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a different type of looking behavior.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:36.30,0:24:38.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So by presenting all of this information
Dialogue: 0,0:24:38.64,0:24:41.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,throughout a set of Warumungu\Ncultural protocols.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:41.09,0:24:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The site's internal logic, challenges\Nmany of the presumptions
Dialogue: 0,0:24:45.16,0:24:48.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about knowledge acquisition\Nand looking that we all hold.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:48.55,0:24:55.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this project in 2005 was the catalyst\Nfor the creation of Murkutu CMS.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:56.29,0:24:58.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Murkutu due is a free\Nand open source solution
Dialogue: 0,0:24:58.88,0:25:01.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for managing and sharing digital heritage,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:01.46,0:25:04.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,built with and for\Nindigenous communities worldwide.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:04.90,0:25:08.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now Murkutu literally means\Nin Waramungu "dilly bag."
Dialogue: 0,0:25:09.29,0:25:13.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as we were creating\Nthe first iteration of Murkutu,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:13.26,0:25:16.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was just for those collections\Nthat we got back from the National Museums
Dialogue: 0,0:25:16.84,0:25:18.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we went to and from.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:18.38,0:25:21.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We got back collections from\Nmissionaries, school teachers,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:21.73,0:25:24.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other people who have worked\Nin Tennant Creek.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:25.07,0:25:28.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first iteration was just going to be\Na community archive.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:28.41,0:25:30.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was browser-based, it was standalone,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:30.78,0:25:33.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it wasn't online,\Nit was just for the community.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:33.07,0:25:34.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when they were naming it,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:34.57,0:25:37.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jampin said that he wanted\Nto name it Murkutu.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:37.61,0:25:39.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I had never heard the word before
Dialogue: 0,0:25:39.77,0:25:42.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I worked in the community\Nfor over 10 years and he said
Dialogue: 0,0:25:42.46,0:25:45.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the dilly bag was a safe keeping place.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:45.80,0:25:49.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Elders kept sacred items in the dilly bag
Dialogue: 0,0:25:49.51,0:25:53.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as younger generations,\Nyou had to approach the elder
Dialogue: 0,0:25:53.28,0:25:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find out about that knowledge\Nand about those items,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:56.10,0:25:57.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so about your cultural heritage.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:57.86,0:26:00.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, it was also\Nincumbent on the elder
Dialogue: 0,0:26:00.71,0:26:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to open those up and share that,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:03.50,0:26:05.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,otherwise, the knowledge would die.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:05.59,0:26:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that was his word in English,\Nthe knowledge would die.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:08.40,0:26:13.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it was actually about creating\Na dialogue and reciprocation,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:13.50,0:26:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sharing cultural knowledge,\Nnot shutting it off or closing it down
Dialogue: 0,0:26:17.72,0:26:21.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but sharing it properly\Nis how Jampin put it.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:21.76,0:26:24.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the dilly bag we thought\Nis a good metaphor
Dialogue: 0,0:26:24.84,0:26:27.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the way that Murkutu functions.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:27.42,0:26:30.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Murkutu centers around protocols.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:30.56,0:26:32.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the heart\Nand soul of Murkutu.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:32.91,0:26:36.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They allow any community, however defined,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:36.47,0:26:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to determine how materials are shared\Nthrough fine brain levels of access.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:41.52,0:26:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that slide I put up\Nwith the ritual, gender,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:44.78,0:26:48.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the Warumungu, those would be\Nthe protocols that they define
Dialogue: 0,0:26:48.69,0:26:50.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within their instance of Murkutu.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:50.62,0:26:53.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're working with the Zuni libraries,\Nthey use clans.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:53.41,0:26:55.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All the groups, and that was the thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:55.90,0:26:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the things\Nwe grappled with early on.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:58.37,0:27:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We couldn't just use\Na cookie cutter set of protocols.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:01.47,0:27:03.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh everybody'll have gender, no!
Dialogue: 0,0:27:03.32,0:27:07.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it had to be flexible enough\Nthat any community can define whatever
Dialogue: 0,0:27:07.06,0:27:09.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that they're flexible\Nenough to change.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:10.71,0:27:13.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it was interesting with\Nthe Warumungu community
Dialogue: 0,0:27:13.31,0:27:15.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at first that deceased protocol
Dialogue: 0,0:27:15.47,0:27:17.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was very strict
Dialogue: 0,0:27:17.58,0:27:23.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and over the last five or six years,\Nwe've seen it so thumbnails are ok.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:23.93,0:27:25.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But bigger versions aren't.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:25.79,0:27:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, right? Because people change.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:28.84,0:27:31.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And our protocols is for viewing\Nand circulating knowledge change
Dialogue: 0,0:27:31.86,0:27:36.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so, as a database, Murkutu\Nalso had to be that flexible to change.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:38.83,0:27:41.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But within the content management system,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:41.03,0:27:44.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can add any protocol to any single item
Dialogue: 0,0:27:44.94,0:27:47.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or in a collection and with one click
Dialogue: 0,0:27:47.82,0:27:50.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that protocol will be added\Nacross the field.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:50.25,0:27:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So within Murkutu this happens\Nin a really simple interface.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:54.72,0:27:57.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you choose\N"add your cultural protocol"
Dialogue: 0,0:27:57.32,0:27:59.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you add your protocol over here,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:59.53,0:28:02.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,define it however you want,\Nso this is a youth protocol.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:02.22,0:28:04.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there's three sharing protocols
Dialogue: 0,0:28:04.83,0:28:08.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that allow you to create\Nthose levels of access.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:08.63,0:28:12.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there’s s community level,\Nthere's what we call community strict,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:12.99,0:28:18.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is something where you'd have to be\Na woman from that country, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:28:18.99,0:28:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in that kin group, you have to have\Nall three of those protocols met,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:22.62,0:28:24.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see something.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:24.50,0:28:26.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whereas, if it's just\Na community protocol,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:26.90,0:28:29.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can be any of those\Nand you will see it.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:29.61,0:28:33.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the protocols overlap\Nand create these sort of Venn diagrams.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:33.65,0:28:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But one of the other things that I\Nworked with the designers on
Dialogue: 0,0:28:37.90,0:28:40.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the folks that were architecting this
Dialogue: 0,0:28:40.18,0:28:44.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was, I gave them a two-click mantra\Nwhen we started, which is
Dialogue: 0,0:28:44.90,0:28:46.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if anything takes longer than two clicks,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:46.87,0:28:48.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're going to lose people.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:48.41,0:28:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're dealing not only\Nwith literacy issues,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:50.48,0:28:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but digital literacy issues as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:52.71,0:28:55.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is a matter of design\Nand functionality, too.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:55.72,0:28:57.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who's your audience?\NWho's the user base?
Dialogue: 0,0:28:57.91,0:28:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do they need?
Dialogue: 0,0:28:59.10,0:29:02.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We knew there was a need.\NWe also couldn't create something
Dialogue: 0,0:29:02.79,0:29:05.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people wouldn't be able to\Nsit down and use.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:05.12,0:29:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And interestingly,\Nin the communities that I work in,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:08.05,0:29:10.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both in the Pacific northwest\Nand in Australia,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:10.30,0:29:13.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't ever see people sitting\Nat the archive,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:13.50,0:29:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the computer, by themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:15.88,0:29:17.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's always in groups, whereas,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:17.38,0:29:19.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, you think of the archives,\Nyou go in and
Dialogue: 0,0:29:19.76,0:29:22.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(whispering) you're quiet, you sit\Nand you just do your own thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:22.80,0:29:26.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No! It's about sharing stories\Nand telling what's happening
Dialogue: 0,0:29:26.86,0:29:28.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and looking at these things.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:28.13,0:29:33.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in this case, our philosophy\Nhas always been to make
Dialogue: 0,0:29:33.93,0:29:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the technology bend to the culture,\Nas opposed to the other way around.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:38.48,0:29:41.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where generally we say, "Ok, well,\Nwe know that's your cultural value"
Dialogue: 0,0:29:41.69,0:29:43.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"but the technology will only do this."
Dialogue: 0,0:29:43.14,0:29:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what started us down his road.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:45.80,0:29:49.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was a graduate student in 2002\Nand I said, "Oh I'm sure we can just buy"
Dialogue: 0,0:29:49.80,0:29:51.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"some software to do this."
Dialogue: 0,0:29:52.24,0:29:54.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ok 14, you know, 12 years later!
Dialogue: 0,0:29:54.78,0:29:57.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we're creating software.\NI mean, I was a cultural anthropologist,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:57.92,0:30:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't write a line of code.\NThat's not me.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:01.40,0:30:05.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the cultural ideal behind it,\Nand I worked with great technologists
Dialogue: 0,0:30:05.49,0:30:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who understand that this idea,\Nbending the technology to make it work
Dialogue: 0,0:30:10.34,0:30:12.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that people don't have to relinquish
Dialogue: 0,0:30:12.38,0:30:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their cultural values for this sort\Nof open and shut model that we have.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:16.98,0:30:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for me, it's not necessarily about\Nbuilding technology, but building trust.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:21.54,0:30:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course there has to be trust\Nin the technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:24.75,0:30:27.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a big thing and I've seen this\Nwith the work that I do
Dialogue: 0,0:30:27.92,0:30:31.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Pacific northwest with the tribes\Nwhen I started working at WSU,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:31.96,0:30:34.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we used Murkutu\Nto create something called
Dialogue: 0,0:30:34.65,0:30:36.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Plateau People's Web Portal.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:36.47,0:30:39.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at the first couple meetings\Nwith the tribal representatives,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:39.70,0:30:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they said that, "And are {\i1}you{\i0}\Ngoing to be here, Kim?"
Dialogue: 0,0:30:42.33,0:30:44.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was like (gasp).
Dialogue: 0,0:30:44.22,0:30:48.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean it was really about,\Nand nine years later, I'm still there
Dialogue: 0,0:30:48.73,0:30:52.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it took several years\Njust to establish
Dialogue: 0,0:30:52.72,0:30:56.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we could all work together,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:56.33,0:30:58.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're not going to take\Nyour stuff and leave.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:58.58,0:31:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They've been burned by researchers\Nand universities before.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:02.12,0:31:05.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so it really is, so the technology\Nshould inspire that trust.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:05.81,0:31:09.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the protocols really have to work\Nand people have to see them working.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:09.97,0:31:14.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So our Murkutu team works directly\Nwith groups to encourage
Dialogue: 0,0:31:14.26,0:31:15.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these types of relationships.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:15.85,0:31:17.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We worked with the Smithsonian,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:17.42,0:31:20.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've worked with other collecting\Ninstitutions to bring these materials
Dialogue: 0,0:31:20.97,0:31:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back to communities and not just\Nhand them back on a hard drive,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:24.73,0:31:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but actually have a relationship together.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:27.49,0:31:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In December, we launched MIRA,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:30.82,0:31:34.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a mammoth example\Nof what can be done with Mukurtu.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:34.44,0:31:37.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MIRA is a collaboration between Mukurtu,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:37.88,0:31:41.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Center for Digital Archeology\Nat Berkeley,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:41.71,0:31:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Canning Stock Route Project\Nteam in Australia.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:45.42,0:31:49.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MIRA has over 40,000\Ndigital heritage objects,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:49.43,0:31:54.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,providing the most comprehensive database\Nfor the artwork, stories, and histories
Dialogue: 0,0:31:54.15,0:31:57.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Aboriginal people who live\Non the Canning Stock Route,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:57.59,0:31:59.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the major colonial artery
Dialogue: 0,0:31:59.82,0:32:01.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that cuts across the Australian continent
Dialogue: 0,0:32:01.97,0:32:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and affected hundreds of Aboriginal\Ncommunities, disrupted their lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:06.36,0:32:08.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disrupted their cultures\Nand their languages.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:09.22,0:32:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MIRA uses Murkutu's customized fields
Dialogue: 0,0:32:14.77,0:32:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to provide a rich and detailed set\Nof linked content in what we call
Dialogue: 0,0:32:18.86,0:32:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Murkutu digital heritage items.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:21.77,0:32:26.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can link them together\Nto create digital heritage stories,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:26.21,0:32:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including video narratives\Nby artists in their country,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:31.44,0:32:33.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,individual pages for artists\Nand contributors,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:33.67,0:32:37.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,richly and multiply-narrated stories\Nwith text, audio, and video.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:38.28,0:32:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all of these were curated by hundreds\Nof Aboriginal community members.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:43.35,0:32:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're the experts.\NThat's the difference here.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:46.57,0:32:49.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are curated by the Aboriginal\Nmembers themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:49.34,0:32:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in different languages and with\Ndifferent sets of protocols
Dialogue: 0,0:32:52.62,0:32:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across these images.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:54.48,0:32:57.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So one community happened to have\Nsome protocols,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:57.06,0:32:58.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another will have\Nanother set of protocols.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:59.02,0:33:01.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It pushed us to our limits
Dialogue: 0,0:33:01.05,0:33:06.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now within Murkutu, every field\Ncan have a protocol attached to it.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:06.28,0:33:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you may be ok with someone\Nseeing this painting,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:10.34,0:33:12.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you may not want them\Nto hear the song or see the map.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:13.34,0:33:17.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can still get to this page\Nbut those fields will be hidden.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:17.75,0:33:20.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now our protocols are\Nevery single field,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:20.53,0:33:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every point of metadata can have\Nits individual protocol.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:24.60,0:33:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a new feature in Murkutu,\Nstemming from the MIRA project
Dialogue: 0,0:33:27.98,0:33:29.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're really happy about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:29.84,0:33:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And because this project\Nreally took us out
Dialogue: 0,0:33:32.47,0:33:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and worked with hundreds\Nof Aboriginal communities,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:34.28,0:33:38.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we started looking at this on the go\Nrecording in curation.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:38.86,0:33:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we launched Murkutu Mobile\Nin October 2012 for iphones.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:44.74,0:33:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just got an NEH grant\Nand we will soon be also
Dialogue: 0,0:33:48.80,0:33:51.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,releasing it on Android as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:51.70,0:33:56.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this allows users to instantly upload\Ncontent to Murkutu sites,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:56.59,0:34:00.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keeping their protocols\Nembedded at that level.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:00.21,0:34:02.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they're never without their protocols.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:02.28,0:34:05.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can also add their stories.\NThey can talk into it.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:05.13,0:34:08.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can do an oral history interview\Nright there in the field
Dialogue: 0,0:34:08.39,0:34:10.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and link it to the photo of the person,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:10.43,0:34:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,geo locate it, and upload all of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:14.02,0:34:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they're offline, once they get\Nback online, they can sync it.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:17.40,0:34:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it'll go right into\Ntheir instance of Murkutu.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:21.30,0:34:25.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of this, in fact, all of the\Ndevelopment of features of Murkutu
Dialogue: 0,0:34:25.59,0:34:29.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happens around what we call community\Nagile software development.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:29.87,0:34:33.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the notion of agile software\Ndevelopment is already there, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:34:33.48,0:34:36.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We add the community to it,\Nso every feature,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:36.72,0:34:39.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every upgrade of Murkutu comes\Nfrom what the community wants.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:39.94,0:34:41.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can vote things up or down.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:41.73,0:34:45.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this type of mobile was something\Neverywhere we went.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:45.64,0:34:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We did some workshops\Nacross New Zealand
Dialogue: 0,0:34:47.56,0:34:50.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and everywhere we went people said,\N"What about mobile? What about mobile?"
Dialogue: 0,0:34:50.54,0:34:52.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the reason why is kids.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:52.82,0:34:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They want to get their kids involved
Dialogue: 0,0:34:55.39,0:35:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in creating and sharing heritage\Nand not just uploading it to Facebook.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:00.81,0:35:03.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They want this stuff to remain\Nwithin their communities;
Dialogue: 0,0:35:03.75,0:35:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they might also be on Facebook\Nbut they want stuff in the communities.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:06.91,0:35:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think that projects like Murkurtu\Ncan help us define the present future
Dialogue: 0,0:35:11.64,0:35:16.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the digital humanities as a field,\Nwhereas one of my mentors,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:16.58,0:35:18.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Donna Haraway, reminds us,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:18.87,0:35:23.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We become answerable,\Nfor what we learn how to see."
Dialogue: 0,0:35:25.49,0:35:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As we move forward, carving out this field
Dialogue: 0,0:35:28.12,0:35:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and creating it's contours,\Nwe should remind ourselves
Dialogue: 0,0:35:30.86,0:35:36.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to hold multiple, challenging,\Nand often times conflicting perspectives
Dialogue: 0,0:35:36.11,0:35:40.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about knowledge and it's value\Nfor the many publics that we engage with.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:41.47,0:35:44.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Aboriginal practices of masking,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:44.32,0:35:48.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deleting, defaming images,\Nobjects, and artifacts
Dialogue: 0,0:35:48.43,0:35:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disrupts this act of looking
Dialogue: 0,0:35:50.94,0:35:54.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the privileging of seeing\Nas a precursor to knowledge acquisition
Dialogue: 0,0:35:54.92,0:35:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we hold in this Western tradition.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:57.44,0:36:01.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They help us see that communities\Nhave different ways of knowing
Dialogue: 0,0:36:01.20,0:36:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that culturally responsive technology\Ncan be leveraged to achieve their goals,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:06.19,0:36:08.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without giving up\Nwhat makes them different.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:09.34,0:36:14.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Collaborations between scholars\Nand the many communities we move between
Dialogue: 0,0:36:14.24,0:36:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can, and should, keep these tensions\Nin place; let's not give them up.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:19.78,0:36:24.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As we seek to create a productive center\Nfor the digital humanities,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:24.31,0:36:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we think differently
Dialogue: 0,0:36:26.56,0:36:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about this seemingly benign\Nact of looking,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:30.08,0:36:33.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's one thing to call attention\Nto difference,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:33.05,0:36:36.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's another to alter\Nour visual practices,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:36.05,0:36:39.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,challenge archival curation practices,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:39.42,0:36:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and question modes of access.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:42.10,0:36:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moving forward, I think digital humanities\Nscholars can be at the forefront.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:46.31,0:36:50.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can play a role in defining\Na new economy of looking,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:50.64,0:36:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where localized project scales,\Ndivergent ethical systems,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:55.94,0:37:00.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,varied access models,\Nand collaborative tool-making
Dialogue: 0,0:37:00.67,0:37:04.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,come to the center\Nand, therefore, enliven
Dialogue: 0,0:37:04.52,0:37:07.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and expand the digital humanities\Nfor all of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:08.59,0:37:09.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:10.26,0:37:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:37:16.24,0:37:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I know that was a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:17.68,0:37:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(laughter)