[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.02,0:00:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After interviewing thousands of poor farmers
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.04,0:00:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in countries like Nepal, Bangladesh, China, México, and Zambia
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.00,0:00:21.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’ve learned that practical solutions to extreme poverty
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.06,0:00:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can only come from listening to poor people themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.08,0:00:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not from the army of poverty experts in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.06,0:00:34.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’ve developed 12 practical steps for problem solving
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.07,0:00:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have helped 17 million people move out of poverty
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.05,0:00:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and into the middle class forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.06,0:00:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These 12 steps apply equally well to finding practical solutions
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.06,0:00:51.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the big social problems you may be working on.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.08,0:00:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’ve described these 12 steps in my book, Out of Poverty.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.07,0:00:59.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the last five years I’ve been working on a book
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.08,0:01:02.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I’ve finally finished it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.03,0:01:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It took me five years to write a measly 200 pages.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.08,0:01:11.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The book is called Out of Poverty:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.01,0:01:17.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What works when traditional approaches fail.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.09,0:01:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I really wrote the book to create a revolution
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.04,0:01:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in how we think about poverty and what we do about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.04,0:01:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It won’t create the revolution by itself but I hope it helps.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.04,0:01:39.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the past 25 years two questions have plagued my curiosity.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.07,0:01:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What makes poor people poor?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.06,0:01:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what can they do about it?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.08,0:01:51.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because of these two infernal questions,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.01,0:01:58.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’ve had long conversations with thousands of one acre farmers in developing countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.06,0:02:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I learned made it possible for IDE,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.02,0:02:05.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the development organization I started 25 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.08,0:02:13.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help 17 million $1-a-day people move out of poverty forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.01,0:02:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first three steps to practical problem solving are
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.01,0:02:23.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably the most obvious, the most simple, and the least frequently followed.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.01,0:02:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first is go to where the action is.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.00,0:02:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can’t sit in your office at the World Bank
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.02,0:02:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and figure out how to solve the problem of poverty in Myanmar.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.00,0:02:41.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Step 2, talk to the people who have the problem
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.09,0:02:45.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and listen to what they have to say.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.07,0:02:51.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 1990s, agriculture experts in Bangladesh were dismayed
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.02,0:02:58.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the tiny amounts of fertilizer small farmers in Bangladesh were applying to their monsoon rice crops.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.05,0:03:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They set up intensive farmer education programs but nothing worked.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.08,0:03:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, somebody asked a couple of farmers why they use so little fertilizer.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.08,0:03:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“That’s easy,” they said.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.02,0:03:15.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Every year 10 years or so we have a major flood that wipes out everything we plant. ..."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.06,0:03:22.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"... So we only use as much fertilizer as we can afford to lose in a 10 year flood.”
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.04,0:03:30.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of a sudden these farmers were transformed from ignorant, superstitious peasants,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.05,0:03:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to people who could teach the agricultural experts a thing or two.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.04,0:03:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Step 3, learn everything there is to know about the problem’s specific context.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.06,0:03:44.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The specific context of 800 million
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.06,0:03:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the 1.2 billion people in the world who live on less than $2 a day,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.08,0:03:55.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a tiny farm with poor soils, and no irrigation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.01,0:03:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These farms are typically one acre,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.00,0:04:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and split into 4 or 5 separate scattered plots.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.00,0:04:03.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here’s the fourth point,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.09,0:04:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you come up with a solution to a problem there is no reason to be modest.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.04,0:04:14.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the biggest problems in the world really require big solutions,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.09,0:04:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are really small solutions applied thousands and thousands of times.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.08,0:04:24.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Step 5, think like a child.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.09,0:04:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s a little bit ironic that thinking big and thinking like a child go together, but they do.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.03,0:04:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to think like a child to find the obvious solution to a big problem that people have missed.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.10,0:04:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Step 6, see and do the obvious.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.03,0:04:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we can’t see our blind spots how can we see and do the obvious?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.02,0:04:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Immersing yourself in the problem helps.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.00,0:04:58.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Step 7, if somebody already invented it you don’t have to.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.07,0:05:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s easy these days to look for solutions that other people may have already come up with.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.00,0:05:15.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Step 8, make sure your approach has positive measurable impacts that can be brought to scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.06,0:05:21.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Step 9, design to specific price targets.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.07,0:05:27.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Affordability rules the design process for poor customers.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.01,0:05:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Number 10, follow practical 3 year plans.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.00,0:05:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No matter how powerful and world changing your vision for the future is,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.04,0:05:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless you can translate it into an effective work plan for the first three years,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.02,0:05:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you’ll never get there.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.00,0:05:52.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Step 11, continue to learn from your customers.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.07,0:05:58.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I started IDE I decided I would interview at least 100 customers a year
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.08,0:06:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I’ve done that.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.04,0:06:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At this point I’ve interviewed more than 3000 poor farm families,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.08,0:06:12.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and walked around with them through their farms.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.02,0:06:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When they told me that they’ve invested
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.01,0:06:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their new income from a treadle pump
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.08,0:06:19.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the education of their kids,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.08,0:06:22.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we designed a $12 solar lantern
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.01,0:06:26.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so their kids could read at night.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.01,0:06:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When they said they invested
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.04,0:06:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of their money from a drip system
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.08,0:06:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a milk buffalo or in some goats,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.04,0:06:37.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we learned everything there was to learn about small livestock
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.09,0:06:44.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and started helping farmers with small livestock operations.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.09,0:06:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Number 12, don’t be distracted by what other people say.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.04,0:06:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just about everything that I have worked on
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.02,0:06:55.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has turned out to be a smashing success,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.03,0:07:00.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’ve heard many people tell me that I was wasting my time.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.06,0:07:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One and a half million treadle pumps later,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.04,0:07:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have 750 thousand acres newly under irrigation.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.04,0:07:14.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I had listened to people who told me it was a waste of time,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.09,0:07:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we never have gotten there.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.04,0:07:20.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you’re willing to go out on a limb,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.07,0:07:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,visit the people who have the problem, in their real life setting
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.06,0:07:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and listen to what they have to say,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.02,0:07:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and most importantly,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.04,0:07:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have a keen interest in learning new things,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.04,0:07:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then this approach is for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.07,0:07:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you and your group decide the best thing you can do is donate money,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.10,0:07:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make sure you pick organizations that have measurable impacts,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.08,0:07:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like poverty organizations that increase the income
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.04,0:08:25.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of people who live on less than a dollar a day.