1 00:00:04,229 --> 00:00:09,777 Across the broad expanse of history, there've been billions upon billions of idiots, 2 00:00:09,777 --> 00:00:14,617 as well as a handful of smart people. We interviewed some of the latter group 3 00:00:14,617 --> 00:00:20,454 for our ongoing series: Great Minds. People Who Think Good. 4 00:00:20,454 --> 00:00:25,851 This week's people who thinks good: Stephen Hawking. 5 00:00:25,851 --> 00:00:31,200 Professor Stephen Hawking is a pioneering physicist, international best-selling author, 6 00:00:31,200 --> 00:00:34,300 and a popular guest character on The Simpsons. 7 00:00:34,300 --> 00:00:36,900 [Stephen Hawking:] "If you are looking for trouble, you found it." 8 00:00:36,900 --> 00:00:39,097 [Principal Skinner:] "Yeah. Just try me, you... Oh!" 9 00:00:39,097 --> 00:00:44,740 His breakthrough work on black holes and string theory is considered hugely important 10 00:00:44,740 --> 00:00:48,067 by anyone who pretends to understand it. 11 00:00:48,067 --> 00:00:52,259 [Stephen Hawking:] An expanding universe does not preclude a creator. 12 00:00:52,259 --> 00:00:57,591 I traveled to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at Cambridge University 13 00:00:57,591 --> 00:01:02,042 to speak with one of the world's greatest living minds. 14 00:01:02,042 --> 00:01:08,128 First off, congratulations on being the first subject of our Great Minds series. 15 00:01:08,128 --> 00:01:12,961 Be honest, is this single greatest honor you have ever received? 16 00:01:12,961 --> 00:01:14,678 Yes. 17 00:01:14,678 --> 00:01:19,351 Good. It's a little hard to read your tone of voice. 18 00:01:19,366 --> 00:01:21,738 When you say that, are you being sarcastic? 19 00:01:21,738 --> 00:01:23,090 Yes 20 00:01:23,090 --> 00:01:24,638 I thought so. 21 00:01:24,638 --> 00:01:30,401 If there is one thing you want people to understand about your work, bearing in mind that most people 22 00:01:30,401 --> 00:01:35,000 will never understand anything about your work, what would that thing be? 23 00:01:35,000 --> 00:01:36,747 Imaginary time. 24 00:01:36,747 --> 00:01:39,952 People think it's something you have in dreams 25 00:01:39,952 --> 00:01:42,500 or when you are up against a deadline. 26 00:01:42,500 --> 00:01:45,724 But it's a well defined concept. 27 00:01:45,724 --> 00:01:50,830 Imaginary time is like another direction in space 28 00:01:50,830 --> 00:01:55,301 It's the one bit of my work science-fiction writers haven't used, 29 00:01:55,301 --> 00:01:58,137 because they don't understand it. 30 00:01:58,137 --> 00:02:05,499 Idiots. People are such idiots, because presumably, to my mind, you're simply talking about the theoretical 31 00:02:05,499 --> 00:02:12,918 measurement obtained from real time by a [?] rotation of pi divided by two in a complex plane 32 00:02:12,918 --> 00:02:19,969 where "t" equals "i" times "t". It's not that difficult to get your head around. 33 00:02:19,969 --> 00:02:25,823 Let's talk about artificial intelligence. In a recent op-ed column, you said —and I quote—, 34 00:02:25,823 --> 00:02:31,574 "Success in creating artificial intelligence would be the biggest event in human history. 35 00:02:31,574 --> 00:02:34,574 Unfortunately, it might also be the last." 36 00:02:34,574 --> 00:02:39,323 Are you saying that robots are going to destroy humanity? 37 00:02:39,323 --> 00:02:43,386 And, is that a scientific argument, or the pitch for an amazing movie? 38 00:02:43,386 --> 00:02:48,877 Artificial intelligence could be a real danger in the not-too-distant future. 39 00:02:48,877 --> 00:02:53,862 It could decide improvements to itself and outsmart us all. 40 00:02:53,862 --> 00:02:57,490 I know you're trying to get people to be cautious there, 41 00:02:57,490 --> 00:03:02,022 but why should I not be excited about fighting a robot? 42 00:03:02,022 --> 00:03:03,796 You would lose. 43 00:03:03,796 --> 00:03:08,378 Well, ok, for a start, we don't know that, do we? We don't know that for sure. 44 00:03:08,378 --> 00:03:13,827 'Cause what could a robot do that I couldn't then fight back by simply just unplugging him, right? 45 00:03:13,827 --> 00:03:18,030 There's a story that scientists built an intelligent computer 46 00:03:18,030 --> 00:03:20,878 The first question they asked it was, 47 00:03:20,878 --> 00:03:22,734 "Is there a God?" 48 00:03:22,734 --> 00:03:25,628 The computer replied, "There is now." 49 00:03:25,628 --> 00:03:28,296 And a bolt of lightning struck the plug 50 00:03:28,296 --> 00:03:31,210 so it couldn't be turned off. 51 00:03:31,210 --> 00:03:34,641 Holy shit, that's the most terrifying story I've ever heard. 52 00:03:34,641 --> 00:03:35,541 Yes. 53 00:03:35,541 --> 00:03:38,139 Hold on! Who is talking to me right now? 54 00:03:38,139 --> 00:03:42,461 Is it you, or is it the sentient computer pretending to talk on your behalf? 55 00:03:42,461 --> 00:03:44,043 It's me. 56 00:03:44,043 --> 00:03:45,806 Yeah, but how do I know that, professor? 57 00:03:45,806 --> 00:03:50,582 Because, if computers had become sentient, what better way to convince people they hadn't 58 00:03:50,582 --> 00:03:55,070 than by coopting the voice of the most intelligent man on the planet? 59 00:03:55,070 --> 00:03:56,936 You're an idiot. 60 00:03:56,936 --> 00:03:59,993 Yeah, but who's saying that, Stephen? You, or the machine? 61 00:03:59,993 --> 00:04:01,774 Both of us. 62 00:04:01,774 --> 00:04:06,570 Ok. Allright. That's actually quite reassuring. 63 00:04:06,570 --> 00:04:11,649 In 2006 you said, "In a world that's in chaos politically, socially, and environmentally, 64 00:04:11,649 --> 00:04:14,619 how can the human race sustain another hundred years?" 65 00:04:14,619 --> 00:04:19,293 A month later, you said, "I don't know the answer. That's why I asked the question, 66 00:04:19,293 --> 00:04:23,411 to get people to think about it, and to be aware of the dangers we now face." 67 00:04:23,411 --> 00:04:26,436 So, it's now been eight years since then. 68 00:04:26,436 --> 00:04:30,031 No pressure, but, have you come up with an answer yet? 69 00:04:30,031 --> 00:04:32,333 I still don't have an answer. 70 00:04:32,333 --> 00:04:37,358 At least the chance of nuclear annihilitaion has diminished. 71 00:04:37,358 --> 00:04:40,895 But there are plenty of other dangers out there. 72 00:04:40,895 --> 00:04:46,379 Ok, that's pretty depressing, professor, because —if I can explain this to you—, 73 00:04:46,379 --> 00:04:52,941 you're the smartest man on Earth. So, if you can't come up with an answer, we are completely fucked. 74 00:04:52,941 --> 00:04:58,191 Moving on. Sure, you're book-smart, Hawking, but are street-smart? 75 00:04:58,191 --> 00:05:04,607 I'll give you a hypothetical. You're a mid-level drug hustler. You control around 12 city blocks. 76 00:05:04,607 --> 00:05:08,641 One of your suppliers, Tito, was supposed to meet you behind the warehouse at midnight 77 00:05:08,641 --> 00:05:12,056 to give you half a kilo of medical-grade cocaine. 78 00:05:12,056 --> 00:05:15,184 Tito shows up late, but he doesn't have the drugs. 79 00:05:15,184 --> 00:05:20,223 He says he was jumped, but he looks high. What's your move, Hawking? 80 00:05:20,223 --> 00:05:22,727 I don't do drugs. 81 00:05:22,727 --> 00:05:27,062 Yeah, you know what? That's actually the smartest possible answer, 82 00:05:27,062 --> 00:05:31,557 because all drug kingpins know that you don't do your own shit. 83 00:05:31,557 --> 00:05:32,680 Yes. 84 00:05:32,680 --> 00:05:36,628 Well played, Hawking, well played. 85 00:05:36,628 --> 00:05:41,399 You've stated that you believe there could be an infinite number of parallel universes. 86 00:05:41,399 --> 00:05:46,524 Does that mean that there is a universe out there where I am smarter than you? 87 00:05:46,524 --> 00:05:50,548 Yes. And also a universe where you're funny. 88 00:05:50,548 --> 00:05:53,755 Look, if you're so smart, what number am I thinking o... 89 00:05:53,755 --> 00:05:56,212 13. 90 00:05:56,212 --> 00:06:00,362 It was 13. I was thinking of 13. 91 00:06:00,362 --> 00:06:03,873 Ok, that was a lucky guess. What am I thinking right now? 92 00:06:03,873 --> 00:06:09,577 That you've been a huge disappointment to your family. 93 00:06:09,577 --> 00:06:13,243 I wasn't thinking that. Why would I think that? 94 00:06:13,243 --> 00:06:18,514 I'm trying as hard as I can, why is that so hard for them to understand (hypothetically)? 95 00:06:18,514 --> 00:06:20,469 I wasn't thinking that. 96 00:06:20,469 --> 00:06:22,329 Let's do some quick yes or no questions. 97 00:06:22,329 --> 00:06:24,638 Are the following things technically possible? 98 00:06:24,638 --> 00:06:27,886 Life on other planets. Is that theoretically possible? 99 00:06:27,886 --> 00:06:29,663 Yes. 100 00:06:29,663 --> 00:06:32,723 What about a Schwarzschild worm hole? 101 00:06:32,723 --> 00:06:34,428 Yes. 102 00:06:34,428 --> 00:06:37,361 Ok, what about this: me going on a date with Charlize Theron? 103 00:06:37,361 --> 00:06:38,731 No. 104 00:06:38,731 --> 00:06:41,366 What? Not at all, in no universe? 105 00:06:41,366 --> 00:06:42,504 No. 106 00:06:42,504 --> 00:06:45,433 In none of the infinite universes does that happen? 107 00:06:45,433 --> 00:06:47,055 No. 108 00:06:47,055 --> 00:06:50,664 It's completely beyond the bounds of scientific possibility, is what's you're saying? 109 00:06:50,664 --> 00:06:53,287 Yes. 110 00:06:53,287 --> 00:06:58,567 A quick follow-up question. In any of those potential universes, am I the one rejecting her, 111 00:06:58,567 --> 00:07:00,400 and that's why it doesn't work out? 112 00:07:00,400 --> 00:07:01,855 No. 113 00:07:01,855 --> 00:07:07,250 You do realize that typing your response is difficult for me, correct? 114 00:07:07,250 --> 00:07:09,303 Ok, sure, yeah. I'ts just that I'm trying to play this out. 115 00:07:09,303 --> 00:07:12,188 Because I just want to see if there's any hypothetical hope... 116 00:07:12,188 --> 00:07:12,872 No. 117 00:07:12,887 --> 00:07:15,539 It doesn't matter. But never say never. 118 00:07:15,539 --> 00:07:23,579 Ok. If time travel were possible, would you want to go back in time and refuse to do this interview? 119 00:07:23,579 --> 00:07:25,107 Yes. 120 00:07:25,107 --> 00:07:28,673 You truly are an incredibly smart man. 121 00:07:28,673 --> 00:07:32,568 Stephen Hawking, that you so much for your time.