[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.85,0:00:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now, we move to the Kingdom of Iraq.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.04,0:00:14.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Kingdom of Iraq established in\Nhistorical Mesopotamia, that area
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.55,0:00:18.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the two great rivers of the\NEuphrates and the Tigris.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.26,0:00:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, these great rivers do not serve as\Nthe Nile
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.40,0:00:27.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does in Egypt as an artery of very\Neffective centralized government.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.39,0:00:32.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Egypt, where everybody almost lives\Nalong the Nile, that
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.89,0:00:36.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not true in Iraq of the Euphrates and\Nthe Tigris.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.64,0:00:42.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, there are mountains in the north,\Npopulated very much by the Kurds.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.66,0:00:46.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's swampy region in the south\Npopulated predominantly by the Shi'ites.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.65,0:00:50.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this is a country which was much more\Ndifficult
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.32,0:00:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to rule in a unified form than Egypt ever\Nwas.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.58,0:01:01.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Shi'is in Iraq, under the Ottomans,\Nwere suspected of loyalty
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.89,0:01:06.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Shi'ites Persia and were never really\Nregarded as loyal Ottoman subjects.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.86,0:01:10.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Never integrated into the state, and the\NShi'is
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.51,0:01:12.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,themselves wanted no part of the Ottoman\Nsystem.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.88,0:01:16.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They didn't send their children to Ottoman\Nschools.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.42,0:01:17.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They didn't serve in the military or in
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.92,0:01:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the bureaucracy and the Shi'is essentially\Nlagged behind the
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.54,0:01:24.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sunnis to the North, who were more exposed\Nand
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.58,0:01:28.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more involved in the 19th century reforms\Nand modernization.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.25,0:01:33.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Shi'is were discriminated and\Nunderprivileged.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.32,0:01:38.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An underclass the remained uneducated,\Nless economically developed, and living in
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.53,0:01:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the underdeveloped south, the very far,\Ndistant perimeter of the Ottoman Empire.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.28,0:01:50.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, Iraq was the birthplace of Shi'i, and\Nthe most holy places of Shi'i
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.14,0:01:55.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are there in Iraq In Najif, in Karbala,\Nand in Kadhimiya which is in Baghdad.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.89,0:02:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The influence of Shii men of religion is
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.47,0:02:06.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially powerful in the Shiite\Ntradition, moreso than in Suni Islam.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.41,0:02:12.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, the Hashemite arrangement In Iraq,\Nwhich eventually failed,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.89,0:02:16.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as opposed to the Hashemite arrangement in\NJordan which succeeded.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.70,0:02:20.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Hashemite arrangement in Iraq, which\Nfailed,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.15,0:02:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was seemingly the most promising when it\Nbegan.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.08,0:02:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, the Hashemite arrangement in\NTrans-Jordan looked much more difficult
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.48,0:02:32.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to implement, but [UNKNOWN] in Jordan\NCreated Jordan from scratch.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.16,0:02:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was much easier to create Jordan in the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.34,0:02:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,image that Abdullah and the British\Ndesired than was possible
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.02,0:02:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Iraq with all the problems that it had
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.93,0:02:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the moment it was created as we will\Nsee.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.56,0:02:53.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the case of Iraq, it was very much the\Nopposite to the case in Trans Jordan.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.43,0:02:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the very beginning, the Hashemites\Nhad
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.80,0:02:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to deal with the most unwieldy existing\Nsituation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.49,0:03:03.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The existing reality in Iraq, evntully\Ndestroyed
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.87,0:03:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Hashemites, who were overthrown in\N1958.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.12,0:03:13.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Iraq was made up of three Ottoman\NVilayets, three Ottoman provinces.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.38,0:03:19.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Provinces of Basra, Baghdad, and\NMosul.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.48,0:03:24.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, it is these three that were lumped\Ntogether to form the Kingdom of Iraq.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.40,0:03:28.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mosul originally was supposed to be part\Nof the French Mandate in Syria.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.21,0:03:32.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, in order to obtain British agreement\Nfor the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.66,0:03:36.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,French occupation of Lebanon and Syria,\Nthe French, as
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.23,0:03:39.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have seen, compromised in Palestine,\Nthey compromised in
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.23,0:03:43.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Iraq too, and gave Mosul over from Syria\Nto Iraq.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.83,0:03:49.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The population of Iraq, approximately 3\Nmillion in the early 1920's, was made
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.43,0:03:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up from ninety percent of Muslims, with\Nsmall minorities of Jews and Christians.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.23,0:03:59.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That looks, on the face of it, rather\Npromising, but it wasn't really.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.82,0:04:04.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Muslims were made up of Sunnis and\NShis and it was the Shis who
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.39,0:04:09.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were actually the majority, with a ratio\Nof some seven to five more or less.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.34,0:04:13.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But of the Sunnis, half were Kurds and not\NArabs.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.49,0:04:18.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you have a very complicated reality in\NIraq.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.05,0:04:27.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A Shi'ite majority with a Sunni minority,\Nand the Sunni minority divided into two.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.36,0:04:30.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Partly Arab, partly Kurdish.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.61,0:04:33.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While the Shi'ites were part of the Arab\Nmajority but, not Sunni.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.76,0:04:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Baghdad was the main city, the capital\Nwhere the
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.30,0:04:45.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,population of 200,000 but, with a very\Nlarge Jewish minority.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.96,0:04:51.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, the Jews in Baghdad, 80,000 of\Nthem, were the largest ethnic group in
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.46,0:04:54.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Baghdad, because the other 120,000 who\Nwere
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.89,0:04:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the majority were divided between Sunni\Nand Shia.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.28,0:05:02.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, people in Iraq in the early 1920s
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.97,0:05:08.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn't define themselves, or identify\Nthemselves, as Iraqi.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.74,0:05:12.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most people did not identify themselves as\NIraqis but, rather
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.75,0:05:17.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by their sect, by their ethnicity, or by\Ntheir tribe.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.65,0:05:20.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very few people thought of themselves as\NIraqis.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.99,0:05:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, the British created Arab Iraq in the\Nname of Arabism which was not a
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.04,0:05:30.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shared value for very many of the people\Nwho became part of this Arab state.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.47,0:05:34.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Sunni Arabs, who are already about a\Nquarter
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.46,0:05:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the population, did identify quite\Nstrongly with Arab nationalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.33,0:05:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, the Shiite Arabs did not.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.98,0:05:43.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Shiite Arabs generally saw Arab
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.74,0:05:47.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nationalism as a Sunni device for\Nsupremacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.49,0:05:51.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the Kurds, who were Sunnis, we're not\NArabs and
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.51,0:05:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,certainly didn't share in the idea of an\NArab state.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.08,0:06:00.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1920, from July to October, there was a\Nrevolt in Iraq.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.45,0:06:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, there are those who tried to explain\Nthe revolt in terms of
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.28,0:06:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,notions borrowed from Arab nationalism as\Nif this was an Arab nationalist revolt.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.02,0:06:12.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in fact, it was in the main reaction
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.91,0:06:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Shi'i tribes to the new reality in\NIraq.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.05,0:06:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Shi'i tribes rose in revolt,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.08,0:06:24.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of their hostility to the British,\Ndeeply
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.21,0:06:27.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,encouraged by the men of religion, many of\Nwhom
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.24,0:06:29.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were actually Persian in origin with no\Nloyalty either
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.71,0:06:31.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the state of Iraq nor to Arab\Nnationals.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.41,0:06:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, as Elie Kedourie, the British Iraqi\Nhistorian has put it,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.81,0:06:49.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in fomenting an anti-British rising in\N1920, the Shi'ite divines no doubt
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.36,0:06:52.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hoped to gain and establish ascendancy for\Ntheir community in a
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.88,0:06:59.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,country where the Shi'ites were the\Nmajority, albeit hitherto a powerless one.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.31,0:07:02.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is difficult to say whether the failure\Nof the uprising or the
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.55,0:07:07.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,importation of Faisal and his men which\Nfollowed it was to them more galling.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.18,0:07:13.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Hashemites in Baghdad, at all events,\Nspelt renewed Sunni dominance.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.65,0:07:21.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For them, for the Shiades that is that,\Nthe government in Baghdad that was now
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.27,0:07:23.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imposed upon them, was a creature of
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.41,0:07:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the British and an instrument of Sunni\Npersecution.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.52,0:07:31.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Different from its ottoman predecessor\Nonly in that is was without benefit.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.88,0:07:36.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of longtime legitimate possession, and\Nthat its rule did not
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.39,0:07:40.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,derive from conquest, but was bestowed\Nupon it by the British.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.64,0:07:44.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, said Elie Kedourie about Iraq.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.13,0:07:45.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, that was not all.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.60,0:07:51.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Aside from Shiite disapproval of the new
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.89,0:07:54.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,order in Iraq, there was the Kurdish\Nproblem.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.64,0:07:59.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Kurds were now in the uneasy situation\Nof
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.44,0:08:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,becoming a minority in an Arab Iraq,\Nwhereas under
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.08,0:08:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Ottomans, they had been part of the\Nruling
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.24,0:08:08.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,majority which was Sunni Muslim, just as\Nthey were.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.10,0:08:17.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the Kurds were these unhappy new\Nmembers of this Iraqi state in which they
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.91,0:08:20.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were striving for at least autonomy and
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.18,0:08:24.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if not, even secession from the state\Naltogether.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.59,0:08:28.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As opposed to the Shiites, who did not\Nwish to secede.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.25,0:08:32.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After all the Shiites wanted to dominate\NIraq.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.71,0:08:36.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Kurds were very much prone to\Nsecession.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.17,0:08:45.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Iraq, despite the Kurdish problem,\Ndespite the Shiite majority,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.01,0:08:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Iraq was ruled under Sunni Arab\Npredominance for decades.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.12,0:08:59.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Faisal, the Hashemite prince, was\Ninstalled as the king of Iraq
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.66,0:09:04.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 1921 with a referendum that was\Ncarefully stage-managed by
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.45,0:09:09.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the British to desired result of popular\NIraqi approval.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.11,0:09:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, the dominant political elite of\NHashemite, Iraq was strongly similar.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.32,0:09:25.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Between 1921 and 1936, 71% of the\Nministerial posts were held by Sunnis
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.35,0:09:31.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and only 24%, and mostly minor posts at\Nthat, were held by Shi's.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.65,0:09:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1928, among the 88 deputies elected to
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.32,0:09:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Parliament in Iraq, only 26 were\NShias.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.42,0:09:44.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1946, only three of 80 senior officers\Nof the
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.95,0:09:48.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Iraqi military were Shias, and all the\Nrest were Sunnis.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.29,0:09:52.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The British however were relatively\Nliberal when
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.34,0:09:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it came to the question of independence.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.66,0:09:58.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The British understood the Revolt of 1920.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.57,0:10:01.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To be an Arab nationalist revolt, meaning\Nthat they
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.61,0:10:06.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,must move quickly to accord in the Iraqis'\Npolitical independence.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.02,0:10:09.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And indeed, in the treaty signed in 1922,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.23,0:10:14.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Britain devolved more responsibilities to\Nthe Iraqi government.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.42,0:10:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a new treaty that was signed in
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.06,0:10:21.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1930, which further restricted British\Npowers, Iraq became independent.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.97,0:10:25.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, Iraq was admitted into the League of\NNations in 1932 and it
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.61,0:10:30.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was the first Arab to be a member of the\NLeague of Nations.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.64,0:10:38.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But before his death, Iraq's first ruler\NKing Faisal, who died in 1933.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.03,0:10:46.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Noted that in Iraq there is still no Iraqi\Npeople but, unimaginable masses
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.95,0:10:52.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of human beings, devoid of any patriotic\Nideal, imbued with religious
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.69,0:10:59.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,traditions and absurdities, connected by\Nno common tie, giving ear to evil, Prone
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.45,0:11:05.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to anarchy, and perpetually ready to rise\Nagainst any government whatsoever,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.85,0:11:09.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so said the first King of Iraq about his\Ncountry.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.99,0:11:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[BLANK_AUDIO]
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.92,0:11:20.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The British Historian, Elie Kedourie, who\Nwe have already mentioned, summarize the
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.76,0:11:26.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,history of Iraq as follows: From the very\Nfoundation then, of the Iraqi kingdom,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.29,0:11:31.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was this nagging feeling that it was\Na make-believe kingdom, built on
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.43,0:11:36.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,false pretenses and kept going by British\Ndesign, and for a British purpose.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.92,0:11:40.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The new Arab states that were created
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.76,0:11:44.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this fashion had, of course,\Nquestionable legitimacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.66,0:11:50.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as a result, you had a reality where\Nindependence movements in
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.46,0:11:53.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,countries like Syria, Iraq, and\NTransjordan
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.34,0:11:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were fighting for the independence of\Nstates.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.07,0:11:58.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When they did not really believe in the\Nright
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.78,0:12:01.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of these states to actually exist as\Nindependent entities.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.64,0:12:05.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And therefore, the great appeal of Arab\Nunity,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.94,0:12:08.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of all sorts of unity schemes, such as
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.99,0:12:12.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those of the Hashemites, the Iraqi\NHashemites, to
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.37,0:12:15.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unite the fertile crescent, which was to\Nunite Iraq
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.33,0:12:18.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Syria, with Jordan and with Palestine\Nand
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.12,0:12:22.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lebanon in one big Arab country, where at\Nlong
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.04,0:12:23.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,last the Sunnis would be the majority and
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.81,0:12:28.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,overcome their problem of the Shi'ite\Nmajority in Iraq.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.29,0:12:31.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Abdalah had his own ideas of Greater Syria\Nwhich meant
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.39,0:12:35.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a union between Is Syria and Lebanon, and\NTransjordan and Palestine.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.51,0:12:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which would of course have him as the King\Nof Greater Syria sitting in Damascus.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.57,0:12:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then of course, there were in later\Nyears
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.68,0:12:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Ba'ath party in Syria and the Ba'ath\Nparty
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.04,0:12:51.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Iraq and Abdel Nasser who emerged as\Nthe
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.21,0:12:53.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President of Egypt, as we will see later\Non.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.87,0:12:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who were great supporters, of pan-Arab\Nunity.