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Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.27,0:00:06.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MAPS - Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.34,0:00:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Psychedelic Science in the 21st Century"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.51,0:00:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Presented by MAPS in collaboration with: the Heffter Research Institute, The Counsil on Spiritual Practices & The Beckeley Foundation
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.44,0:00:25.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sponsor a video from Psychedelic Science in the 21st Century and have your name appear here.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.59,0:00:32.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Andrew Weil M.D. The future of Psychedelic and Medical Marijuana Research
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.83,0:00:34.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hello, good afternoon
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.27,0:00:37.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and hi to all you folks in far away Rhode Island
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.07,0:00:41.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a pleasure to be here. I thought I was gonna be here virtually,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.91,0:00:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Rick Doblin arranged to get me a ride down from
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.04,0:00:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,St. Rafael and a ride back to the San Francisco Airport immediately after my talk
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.48,0:00:52.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I'm happy to be here in person
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.99,0:00:55.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I should say at the beggining that I'm
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.89,0:00:58.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in some ways not the best person to give you any
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.62,0:01:02.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prognostications or thoughts about where things are going because
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.56,0:01:07.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I did human esperiments with marijuana in 1968
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.43,0:01:11.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought that marijuana would be legalized in ten years
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.17,0:01:17.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought it was just a matter of getting truthfull information out to people because the
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.84,0:01:21.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,laws and attitudes were based on such wrong assumptions
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.92,0:01:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about marijuana and about psychedelics
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.92,0:01:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I quickly learned that's not the case
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.05,0:01:31.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact people believe what they wanna believe and don't believe what they don't want to
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.86,0:01:34.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,despite what the facts are and what the evidence are
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.93,0:01:40.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I've seen the same thing again in trying to change the medical paradigm
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.13,0:01:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and trying to change medical education
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.74,0:01:47.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are many people that believe that the way to change things
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.03,0:01:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is by doing research and producing data
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.48,0:01:51.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can tell you in medicine that's not the case
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.91,0:01:56.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we even have very good data showing that doctors don't change their practices
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.12,0:02:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on the results of randomized control trials
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.39,0:02:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Integrative Medicine center that I founded and directed in the Arizona
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.07,0:02:10.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the University of Arizona College of Medicine
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.70,0:02:13.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is now a center of excellence at the University of Arizona
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.57,0:02:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a world leader in training physicians and health professionals
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.00,0:02:18.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a new model of medicine
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.37,0:02:20.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll talk to you about that in a moment
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.71,0:02:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the reason that we were able to do this was the support of one man
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.78,0:02:27.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jim Dolan who was the dean of the college of medicine
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.81,0:02:33.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was the first medical school dean to go out and support something of this kind
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.06,0:02:35.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he retired a few years ago and said that
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.66,0:02:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his proudest accomplishment was the Integrative Medicine Center
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.36,0:02:42.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he also said that, and I think this is a lesson for all of us
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.90,0:02:49.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way doctors and medical scientists react to new information
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.54,0:02:52.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is more a function of it's source than it's content
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.57,0:02:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if information comes from an unfamiliar source the instinctive reaction is
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.54,0:02:59.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of defensiveness, exclusion and reaction
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.65,0:03:05.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against it. And the example that he liked to use, which I think is very apt
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.25,0:03:09.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the observation that aspirin was
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.26,0:03:12.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an anticoagulant and might be useful on preventing heart attacks
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.36,0:03:15.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was first made on the 1950's
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.13,0:03:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by a general practitioner in southern California
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.06,0:03:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this was the time when tonsillectomy was universal
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.27,0:03:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you couldn't make it through adolescence with your tonsils and adenoids
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.10,0:03:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you were in a middle class family
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.54,0:03:32.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was common practice to give kids aspergon to chew, a chewable form of aspirin
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.41,0:03:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this doctor noticed that kids that chewed aspergon had more and longer bleeding than kids who didn't
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.05,0:03:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so he though maybe aspirin is a blood thinner and he began
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.95,0:03:45.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking it himself and noticed that when he cut himself shaving that the cuts bled longer
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.86,0:03:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so he gave this to a number of his patients, satisfied himself that this was a reasonable
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.10,0:03:54.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hypothesis, which he published on a journal of general practice
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.53,0:03:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the suggestion that aspirin might be usefull as a preventer for heart attacks
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.10,0:04:04.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it took 30 years for cardiologists to recognize the validity of that hypothesis
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.81,0:04:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and test it. The reason was that it was proposed by a general practitioner, not by a cardiologist
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.32,0:04:15.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was published in a Journal that cardiologists don't think much of
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.36,0:04:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now that's within the realm of medicine, imagine when information about these things
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.16,0:04:22.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes from more distant and more foreign sources
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.83,0:04:27.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like shamans in exotic cultures
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.27,0:04:30.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think this is what we really have to understand
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.94,0:04:34.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the reason that the drugs that we're interested in
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.64,0:04:37.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,provokes so much controversy
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.03,0:04:39.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the reason that they've stimulated the kind of backlash that
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.78,0:04:43.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has forded research and clinical use
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.32,0:04:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is fundamentally emotional and irrational
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.04,0:04:53.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not something you can deal with through argument and scientific information
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.09,0:04:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a matter of changing the culture and attitudes
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.36,0:05:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem with marijuana is that it has still not
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.01,0:05:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,outgrown its associations in this culture
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.07,0:05:14.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with ousiders, deviants, subcultures that are not considered part of the mainstream
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.21,0:05:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it entered north american society through two routes
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.08,0:05:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through black jazz musicians in the south, New Orleans
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.62,0:05:26.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through mexican migrant workers that came in through the southern border
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.29,0:05:32.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the 1950's it was associated with beatniks
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.46,0:05:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then in the 60's with this massive counterculture that grew up
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.14,0:05:44.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's those associations of marijuana that cause mainstream America to react against it
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.08,0:05:47.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this continues to persist
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.45,0:05:52.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm delighted to see that there is now opening in the world of psychedelic research
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.48,0:05:54.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean something clearly has changed there
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.35,0:05:56.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it hasn't yet changed with marijuana
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.76,0:05:59.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's unfortunate. I'm very disappointed that our president
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.39,0:06:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has not done more to support the change in the medical marijuana list
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.90,0:06:09.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,applause
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.80,0:06:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we have an opening at the moment with psychedelics which
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.30,0:06:18.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is both surprising, welcome, is something we wanna work with and
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.14,0:06:24.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm very pleased to see the kinds of research that have been done
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.22,0:06:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also have to tell you that over the years as I've looked at the potentials and dangers
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.02,0:06:34.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of psychedelic drugs and their possibilities for clinical applications
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.03,0:06:37.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been somewhat puzzled by several things about it
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.05,0:06:40.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first of all, in purely medical terms
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.27,0:06:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these drugs, specially the indol psychedelics
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.30,0:06:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have probably the least toxicity of any pharmacological agents that we now
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.48,0:06:57.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as you know, there have been no deaths reported with LSD, directly caused by it's
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.08,0:07:04.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pharmacological action, except in one elephant. I'm sure most of you know that horrible story
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.72,0:07:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if not you can look it up
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.32,0:07:13.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The striking absence of toxicity of these agents
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.97,0:07:23.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,combined with their tremendous power to alter perception, and the mind-body access
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.74,0:07:26.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,certainly recommends them for research in clinical use
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.45,0:07:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I have to tell you that I've been puzzled, by the way I should say that the other category of
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.10,0:07:33.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,psychedelics, the phenetilamines, have somewhat greater toxicity
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.85,0:07:37.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of their adrenergic stimulant properties
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.09,0:07:41.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that puts them into a somewhat different class, but still these are quite safe agents
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.03,0:07:47.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compared to most of the drugs that are routinely prescribed in medicine today
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.07,0:07:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What puzzles me about psychedelic research over the years
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.77,0:07:56.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in contrast with my own experience with them
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.51,0:08:02.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that almost all of it has focused on psychological potentials
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.01,0:08:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,initially with things like helping people with end-of-life issues, or with PTSD
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.29,0:08:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my interest has always been in what we call the psychosomatic potential of these drugs
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.06,0:08:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is their potential to change bodily processes
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.03,0:08:28.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and physical disease as a result of, or taking advantage of the mind-body connection
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.44,0:08:35.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so, let me say a word about integrative medicine and the philosophy of medicine that I teach
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.52,0:08:37.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have always practiced
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.04,0:08:40.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the popular mind integrative medicine is
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.05,0:08:43.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the intelligent combination of conventional and alternative medicine,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.39,0:08:49.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but really that's a very narrow definition of it, the much broader way of looking at it
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.96,0:08:55.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I firmly believe represents the future of medicine and a solution to our current health-care crisis
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.30,0:09:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's working fore some very big changes in conventional medical thinking
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.68,0:09:08.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first is to restore the focus of medicine on the health and healing
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.61,0:09:14.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to acknowledge, respect and take advantage of the human organism tremendous
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.89,0:09:20.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,potential for self-diagnosis and self-regulation, regeneration, repair, adaptation
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.49,0:09:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to me that's the most wonderful feature of human biology, that our
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.60,0:09:30.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bodies have the ability to know when they have suffered injury or damage
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.54,0:09:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to repair themselves, and this is not mystical, this is biology
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.94,0:09:39.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can observe this on any level of biological organization, from DNA on up
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.44,0:09:44.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the DNA is a huge macromolecule that's on the border between life and non-life
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.95,0:09:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has the potential within it to know when it has been injured by an ultraviolet ray
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.06,0:09:55.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and immediately begins to elaborate specific repair enzimes to repair the damage
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.16,0:10:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that same potential you can see whetter you look to organeles, cells, tissues, organs and
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.47,0:10:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the whole organism, and that's where good medicine should start
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.07,0:10:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second broad principle of integrative medicine is our insistence that
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.08,0:10:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,human beings are more than physical bodies
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.54,0:10:13.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are also mental-emotional beings
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.41,0:10:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spiritual entities, community members
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.48,0:10:21.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those other dimensions of human life are incredibly relevant to understanding health and illness
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.19,0:10:25.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you cut them of and only look at the physical body
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.09,0:10:32.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only do you cut yourself of from an understanding of the real causes of health and illness
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.83,0:10:35.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you also limit your treatment interventions
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.53,0:10:39.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to those directed at the physical body which are the ones that tend to be most expensive and
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.60,0:10:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most invasive and most productive of harm and often quite limited in their ability to change
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.88,0:10:49.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,physical conditions. The third principle of integrative medicine is that
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.55,0:10:52.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we pay attention to all aspects of lifestyle
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.65,0:10:54.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand health and illness
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.15,0:11:01.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think this is where integrative medicine really shines in delivering true preventive care
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.49,0:11:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and health promotion, something that's very relevant to the health-care debate
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.80,0:11:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're looking through
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.03,0:11:14.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also integrative medicine places great emphasis in the practitioner-patient relationship
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.27,0:11:19.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has suffered horribly in the present era for-profit medicine
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.18,0:11:22.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,throughout history and in most cultures
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.78,0:11:26.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that relationship has been recognized as special, even sacred
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.85,0:11:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something magical can happen when a medically trained person
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.66,0:11:35.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sits with a patient and simply allows that person to tell their story
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.59,0:11:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that alone can initiate a healing response before any specific treatment suggestions are given
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.00,0:11:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also over the years that has been the source of the greatest emotional reward of practicing medicine
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.84,0:11:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's complete undermining in the era of manage caring for-profit medicine
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.78,0:11:56.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one reason why so many physicians today are unhappy and so many are leaving
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.75,0:11:58.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or have left the practice of medicine
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.82,0:12:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then finally integrative medicine is willing to look at all therapeutic options out there
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.46,0:12:07.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specially those that don't cause harm and show reasonable evidence of efficacy
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.79,0:12:11.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's so much that's not even on our radar screen of conventional medicine that we can bring in
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.76,0:12:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,among them the targeted use of psychedelic therapy
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.24,0:12:20.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, what has puzzled me in looking at
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.67,0:12:26.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this focus of psychedelic research on the psychological
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.24,0:12:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the omission of the physical
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.48,0:12:34.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that in my own experience, both in my personal life and working with patients
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.03,0:12:39.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and discussing this with great many users of psychedelics
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.79,0:12:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have observed, seen, experienced, collected many individual case reports of
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.40,0:12:51.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quite spectacular healing reactions of serious diseases
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.84,0:12:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these healing reactions were catalysed by a change in perception
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.04,0:13:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was triggered by a psychedelic experience, sometimes deliberately by a
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.82,0:13:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,therapist who guided the session in a certain direction
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.66,0:13:11.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes quite fortuitously
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.36,0:13:19.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'll just give you a couple of examples of what I mean
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.03,0:13:22.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first one is something that I have published
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.87,0:13:29.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some years ago 60 minutes did an in-depth piece on me which was supposed to be friendly and wasn't
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.68,0:13:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I told the interviewer this story which was incidental and in three days of interviewing about integrative medicine
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.92,0:13:43.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they sent out a press release with this as the headline, this was the story that they used so
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.26,0:13:49.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the story was that Dr. Weil claims that LSD cured his cat allergies
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.06,0:13:52.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all right
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.66,0:13:59.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it did, and here's the story
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.87,0:14:07.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was very allergic as a kid, in all sorts of ways, I had hay fever, I've got hives in response to various drugs and things
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.10,0:14:14.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was allergic for a lot of my life, and one of the allergies I had was to cats and
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.69,0:14:22.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whenever a cat got near me my eyes would itch, my nose would run, if I touched the cat
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.100,0:14:26.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's got much worse and if a cat licked me I've got hives where it licked me
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.73,0:14:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had in my mind a mindset that I was allergic to cats and therefore
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.04,0:14:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't want them in my presence, and if a cat came near me
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.97,0:14:40.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would either push it away or withdraw myself, so there was a deep
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.04,0:14:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ingrained defensiveness in my interactions with cats
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.02,0:14:49.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one day, when I was 28, and was making a lot of changes in my life
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.99,0:14:55.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I took LSD with some friends, I was living in a countryside in Virginia, it was beautiful springday
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.26,0:15:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was in a terrific space, everything was wonderful, the world was magical
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.10,0:15:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything was alive, and into this scene a cat bounded
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.60,0:15:13.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and jumped in my lap and I had a split-second of the habitual reaction and
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.54,0:15:19.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suddenly I decided this was silly, why did I have to do this?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.75,0:15:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I started petting the cat, playing with the cat, the cat licked me, I had no reaction to the cat
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.86,0:15:29.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have never had a reaction with cats since!
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.23,0:15:34.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that was almost fourty years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.47,0:15:36.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,applause
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.67,0:15:39.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, that's pretty spectacular
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.04,0:15:42.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a physician I would love to know what happened there
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.47,0:15:46.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I would love to know how to make that happen in another people
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.38,0:15:50.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyway, I'll tell you one that's even more spectacular which I haven't written about
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.38,0:15:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this was roughly in the same time period. Another mindset that I had grown up with all my life
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.29,0:16:00.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that I had fair skin and that I couldn't get tann
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.12,0:16:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I was always told this, you have fair skin
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.96,0:16:08.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so, whenever I went to the beach my experience was a second degree sunburn
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.63,0:16:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,completely red and then going home and putting nazimo all over my body
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.54,0:16:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then sheets of skin would peel off several days later
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.02,0:16:20.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was how I reacted to the sun and I had accepted in my mind this is the way I react to the sun
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.75,0:16:26.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so also in this same period when I was doing this experiments, I guess I was also 28 and
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.12,0:16:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this was also in Virginia and another time I took LSD and there was a wonderful space
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.12,0:16:37.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I was running around without any clothes on and I was decided that it was such a nice day
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.53,0:16:41.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was going to lie out in the sun, and I remember thinking
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.37,0:16:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why should I think that the sun is my enemy?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:44.00,0:16:48.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why can't I simply enjoy the sun and be in it
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.05,0:16:50.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got tann instantly!
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.38,0:16:52.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I have ever since
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.91,0:16:56.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I now live in southern Arizona, I've spent 30 years in the desert
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.65,0:17:02.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I develop wonderful tanns, I've never had sunburns like that. An instant change
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.45,0:17:07.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a pattern that had lasted 28 years, that's pretty spectacular
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.49,0:17:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How did that happen? What's the mechanism of this?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:10.40,0:17:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't think this is magic, it's wonderful, but there has to be a physiological mechanism for that
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.08,0:17:23.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is in some ways, to me, a little more interesting and harder to understand than
Dialogue: 0,0:17:23.71,0:17:25.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the disappearance of an allergic reaction
Dialogue: 0,0:17:25.48,0:17:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Allergies come and go and I've always taught patients that allergies are learned reactions
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.38,0:17:34.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and anything that's learned can be unlearned
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.65,0:17:37.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that to me is the most interesting thing about allergies
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.32,0:17:43.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's very interesting stuff in the mind-body literature about allergies
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.20,0:17:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can show a person who has a strong allergic reaction to roses
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.01,0:17:52.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a plastic rose and they'll have an allergic reaction
Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.24,0:17:58.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that shows that the higher brain is involved in this process
Dialogue: 0,0:17:58.24,0:18:03.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there may be many ways to produce these changes or to break that
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.65,0:18:09.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the potential for psychedelics to be used in this way are great
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.09,0:18:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can imagine in some era when psychedelics are available for medical use
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.06,0:18:19.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe you can open an allergy clinic and you can have ten structured sessions
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.63,0:18:23.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an on the first session a person would take an ordinary dose of one of these things
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.77,0:18:28.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if necessary they could come back and each time the dose would be cut down
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.37,0:18:30.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until at the last session they wouldn't take anything
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.51,0:18:39.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the pill would look like the same. And then you tell them they're not taking anything active and they go without the allergy
Dialogue: 0,0:18:39.45,0:18:43.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, even extending this further, I've also collected over the years
Dialogue: 0,0:18:43.32,0:18:48.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some very dramatic cases in sum that I have been personally involved
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.39,0:18:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people with chronic autoimmune disorders, specially rheumathoid arthrithis,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:53.46,0:18:56.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also lupus, also multiple sclerosis,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:56.90,0:18:59.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which the same kinds of things have happened,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.27,0:19:05.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there was a dramatic shift related to the psychedelic experience
Dialogue: 0,0:19:05.54,0:19:08.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes a single use, sometimes a multiple use
Dialogue: 0,0:19:08.31,0:19:11.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which the condition disappeared
Dialogue: 0,0:19:11.04,0:19:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it seems to me, and I just can't imagine anything of greater interest
Dialogue: 0,0:19:16.05,0:19:20.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that puzzles me that researchers have not looked at this aspect of psychedelics
Dialogue: 0,0:19:20.06,0:19:27.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one thing that would be useful would be try to collect case reports of this kind
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.27,0:19:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So one thing that I would ask you and for you to ask your friends, if you know
Dialogue: 0,0:19:31.03,0:19:40.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anyone that has had experiences of this sort, send them at MAPS for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:40.51,0:19:44.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we could begin to collect this kind of information in a systematic fashion
Dialogue: 0,0:19:44.12,0:19:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if we had a body of this kind of information it might inspire researchers in this area
Dialogue: 0,0:19:49.62,0:19:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to begin thinking how they might set up experiments to do this
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.62,0:19:56.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That principle of integrative medicine that I've talked about
Dialogue: 0,0:19:56.66,0:20:04.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're not just physical bodies, we're also mental emotional beings, and spiritual entities and community members
Dialogue: 0,0:20:04.10,0:20:09.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the meaning of that is that all disease, like all health
Dialogue: 0,0:20:09.31,0:20:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a matter of all of these factors being involved, and in any medical condition
Dialogue: 0,0:20:15.98,0:20:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is a possibility of using the mind-body connection, the emotional connection
Dialogue: 0,0:20:23.36,0:20:27.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to change a disease process for the better
Dialogue: 0,0:20:27.73,0:20:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have lots of potential interventions to do that, there's hypnosis, there's guided imagery
Dialogue: 0,0:20:35.00,0:20:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are various forms of mindfulness meditation
Dialogue: 0,0:20:38.05,0:20:43.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a whole fascinating area of neuroscience
Dialogue: 0,0:20:43.88,0:20:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's just come into being with the result of being able to visualize living brains
Dialogue: 0,0:20:48.08,0:20:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an a lot of this have been inspired by the Dalai Lama and a new generation of neuroscientists
Dialogue: 0,0:20:55.92,0:21:03.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are looking at tibetan meditators and showing actual changes in brain activity
Dialogue: 0,0:21:03.13,0:21:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then thinking how can this be taught to other people
Dialogue: 0,0:21:07.37,0:21:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I see this as a great horizon and frontier of medical research
Dialogue: 0,0:21:16.48,0:21:20.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've always taught that all diseases are psychosomatic
Dialogue: 0,0:21:20.91,0:21:26.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the problem is that word is so loaded that when we talk about psychosomatic conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:21:26.28,0:21:30.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most people, specially patients, think you're telling them their diseases are unreal
Dialogue: 0,0:21:30.92,0:21:33.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's not what psychosomatic means, the word just mean mind-body
Dialogue: 0,0:21:33.49,0:21:40.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've suggested maybe we should use the word somatopsychic, which doesn't have the same connotation
Dialogue: 0,0:21:40.50,0:21:48.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the fact is that's how it is and with many conditions we can totally neglect the possibility
Dialogue: 0,0:21:48.11,0:21:53.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of trying to change things by manipulating the psychic compartment
Dialogue: 0,0:21:53.11,0:21:58.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the psychedelic drugs, specially, are incredible tools for doing so
Dialogue: 0,0:21:58.58,0:22:04.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now I think one of the great obstacles to psychedelic research in the past
Dialogue: 0,0:22:04.22,0:22:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that complicated things, is that, as I'm sure all of you know
Dialogue: 0,0:22:10.40,0:22:17.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the experiences people have with psychedelics are exquisitely dependent on non pharmacological factors
Dialogue: 0,0:22:17.47,0:22:22.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're dependent on people's expectations, set, and on the environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:22.94,0:22:26.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the broader sense the setting in which drugs are taken
Dialogue: 0,0:22:26.11,0:22:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the initial people who did research with psychedelics
Dialogue: 0,0:22:31.72,0:22:37.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and showed very positive changes, like Stan Grof, like Walter Pahnke
Dialogue: 0,0:22:37.69,0:22:41.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these were people who understood from their own experiences
Dialogue: 0,0:22:41.29,0:22:47.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the nature of these drugs, and their dependence on set and setting
Dialogue: 0,0:22:47.100,0:22:53.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their belief system and the way that they were able to structure the settings,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:53.30,0:22:55.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the laboratory settings in which they did research
Dialogue: 0,0:22:55.84,0:22:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shaped experiences in a certain direction
Dialogue: 0,0:22:58.54,0:23:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other researches who did not have those experiences
Dialogue: 0,0:23:01.08,0:23:04.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,did not have that understanding, read the results of the research
Dialogue: 0,0:23:04.08,0:23:07.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tried to reproduce them and didn't get the same results
Dialogue: 0,0:23:07.32,0:23:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they thought the drugs were magic bullets
Dialogue: 0,0:23:10.29,0:23:16.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the drug contains the experience that would automatically do the thing that's reported in the literature
Dialogue: 0,0:23:16.50,0:23:20.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when the results didn't come back that way, they said well, the drugs aren't any good
Dialogue: 0,0:23:20.100,0:23:29.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, apart from all the moralistic stuff and all the cultural irrationality
Dialogue: 0,0:23:29.01,0:23:36.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that forded psychedelic research I think this is in a way even a greater stomping block
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.62,0:23:44.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because these drugs don't work in the way that the pharmacological agents most of researchers work with do
Dialogue: 0,0:23:44.09,0:23:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The magic potential is not entirely in the pharmacological action
Dialogue: 0,0:23:53.06,0:23:55.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and unless researchers understand this
Dialogue: 0,0:23:55.57,0:23:58.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the likelihood of producing the kinds of positive changes
Dialogue: 0,0:23:58.09,0:24:03.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will get more people interested and may lead to a cultural change
Dialogue: 0,0:24:03.58,0:24:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the potential benefits of these drugs, this is not gonna be realised
Dialogue: 0,0:24:07.88,0:24:16.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanna also say some words about marijuana, which is a very different beast form psychedelics
Dialogue: 0,0:24:16.35,0:24:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is not related chemically or pharmacologically to the psychedelics
Dialogue: 0,0:24:20.66,0:24:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although it often travels with them in the same company
Dialogue: 0,0:24:23.26,0:24:27.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's a completely different thing
Dialogue: 0,0:24:27.26,0:24:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it has it's own problems and difficulties
Dialogue: 0,0:24:32.97,0:24:40.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cannabinoid chemistry is unique in nature, these substances are unlike
Dialogue: 0,0:24:40.21,0:24:43.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really any other chemicals that we are familiar with
Dialogue: 0,0:24:43.95,0:24:50.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the things that sets them apart from most drugs, both medical and psychoactive that we know
Dialogue: 0,0:24:50.66,0:24:52.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that they're fat soluble not water soluble
Dialogue: 0,0:24:52.92,0:24:59.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is a big problem, that means these drugs are not absorbed and distributed in the body
Dialogue: 0,0:24:59.63,0:25:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in ways that we are familiar with. It's not easy to predict their metabolic fate and
Dialogue: 0,0:25:04.40,0:25:10.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their pathways around the body because of their fat solubility
Dialogue: 0,0:25:10.71,0:25:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another problem with marijuana is that there is extreme variation in individual sensitivity to it
Dialogue: 0,0:25:17.08,0:25:26.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is very confounding for people who are looking for substances that produce predictable effects
Dialogue: 0,0:25:26.16,0:25:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a practical level, in looking at what's happening with medical marijuana around the country
Dialogue: 0,0:25:33.10,0:25:41.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think until there's a way of cleanly separating medical use from recreational use
Dialogue: 0,0:25:41.14,0:25:48.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it's going to be very difficult to have the medical profession accept marijuana as a therapeutic agent
Dialogue: 0,0:25:48.61,0:25:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way that marijuana is currently being dispensed in California
Dialogue: 0,0:25:53.52,0:25:56.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the way that most medical marijuana is being used
Dialogue: 0,0:25:56.15,0:26:00.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a very fuzzy boundary between that and recreational use
Dialogue: 0,0:26:00.96,0:26:07.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also I can't imagine most of my medical colleagues being comfortable with recommending
Dialogue: 0,0:26:07.97,0:26:12.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a therapeutic agent that has to be consumed in the form of smoke to be inhaled
Dialogue: 0,0:26:12.57,0:26:14.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That just doesn't work
Dialogue: 0,0:26:14.17,0:26:23.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would love to see a whole extract of cannabis that was available for medical use in a form
Dialogue: 0,0:26:23.35,0:26:26.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was more familiar to physicians and to pharmacists
Dialogue: 0,0:26:26.85,0:26:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as I'm sure you may know there is such a form available in the UK
Dialogue: 0,0:26:30.72,0:26:34.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called Sativex, this is a whole cannabis extract to be sprayed
Dialogue: 0,0:26:34.93,0:26:38.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the mouth under the tongue, it's an oral spray
Dialogue: 0,0:26:38.03,0:26:43.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it looks like a medical preparation, it's packaged like a medical preparation,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:43.13,0:26:49.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it would be accepted as a medical preparation, it's very annoying that it's not available here
Dialogue: 0,0:26:49.34,0:26:53.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this would be a great thing for people working in the area of medical marijuana to concentrate on
Dialogue: 0,0:26:53.74,0:27:00.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an to work to make it available here. I think that would go a long way to increase acceptance of this agent
Dialogue: 0,0:27:00.88,0:27:10.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with marijuana also the tremendous advantage of it and the reason for investigating it's clinical
Dialogue: 0,0:27:10.46,0:27:15.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,potentials is it's almost complete abscence of toxicity
Dialogue: 0,0:27:15.23,0:27:17.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can't kill people with marijuana
Dialogue: 0,0:27:17.90,0:27:21.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was I remember years ago seeing some experiments in cats
Dialogue: 0,0:27:21.09,0:27:27.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which if you could extrapolate to humans would suggest that the letal dose
Dialogue: 0,0:27:27.31,0:27:36.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might be a pound and a half of marijuana consumed orally at one time
Dialogue: 0,0:27:36.19,0:27:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in pharmacology and medicine you calculate the safety of a drug with a quantity
Dialogue: 0,0:27:42.33,0:27:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called the therapeutic ratio which is the ratio of the dose that begins to produce toxicicity to the dose that you want
Dialogue: 0,0:27:50.90,0:27:54.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for many drugs that we use in clinical practice that ratio is not that high
Dialogue: 0,0:27:54.97,0:28:00.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two to three or four or five times the dose that is used to produce a therapeutic effect
Dialogue: 0,0:28:00.08,0:28:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is enough to begin to cause toxicity. You can't calculate the therapeutic ratio for marijuana
Dialogue: 0,0:28:06.45,0:28:12.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not calculable. So just for that reason alone we should be looking for ways to use it
Dialogue: 0,0:28:12.16,0:28:15.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let alone the fact that throughout history there have been many people who
Dialogue: 0,0:28:15.93,0:28:22.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have testified to benefits that they received for using marijuana for various conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:28:22.23,0:28:28.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Personally I think the frontier of cannabis research that to me is most exciting
Dialogue: 0,0:28:28.71,0:28:33.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the possibility at looking to these strange molecules, these cannabinoids
Dialogue: 0,0:28:33.11,0:28:37.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an specially looking at analogs of them that may be developed in the future
Dialogue: 0,0:28:37.72,0:28:48.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can be used both as tools for brain research, for understanding how the brain receives and
Dialogue: 0,0:28:48.79,0:28:53.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interprets information, because to me this is one of the most interesting things about cannabis
Dialogue: 0,0:28:53.53,0:28:59.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how it changes perception, how it can make ordinary experiences appear novel
Dialogue: 0,0:28:59.03,0:29:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how it can change focus of attention. I can see great potential here in using these drugs as tools
Dialogue: 0,0:29:05.06,0:29:12.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in mind-brain research. I think the other area that fascinates me is looking at
Dialogue: 0,0:29:12.02,0:29:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these compounds or analogs yet to be developed for manipulating appetite, and for pain perception
Dialogue: 0,0:29:20.66,0:29:26.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think these are two areas in which the therapeutic potential of cannabis looks very powerful to me
Dialogue: 0,0:29:26.83,0:29:32.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the appetite stuff, there has been some efforts in this direction at the moment which
Dialogue: 0,0:29:32.80,0:29:41.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are certainly not there yet, but this is probably the greatest public health-care crisis facing us
Dialogue: 0,0:29:41.38,0:29:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this day and age is the obesity epidemic that we are seeing
Dialogue: 0,0:29:45.02,0:29:48.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the root of this is the nature in which we have changed food
Dialogue: 0,0:29:48.99,0:29:54.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was just on a panel yesterday with Dr. David Kessler, former head of the FDA
Dialogue: 0,0:29:54.53,0:29:56.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he's written a book called "The end of overeating"
Dialogue: 0,0:29:56.19,0:30:03.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his main argument is that the foods that we have today are designed to activate the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:30:03.37,0:30:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that we're helpless in face of this. That food has been manipulated in ways that cause brain activation
Dialogue: 0,0:30:10.54,0:30:14.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that this is what seems to give it so much power over us
Dialogue: 0,0:30:14.68,0:30:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I don't know, maybe we're doomed in this regard. I think that's certainly an argument for
Dialogue: 0,0:30:19.38,0:30:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,totally banning advertising of these kinds of foods
Dialogue: 0,0:30:24.16,0:30:29.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,applause
Dialogue: 0,0:30:29.39,0:30:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you know, another area of possible research is finding ways to increase the brain's defensiveness
Dialogue: 0,0:30:41.10,0:30:47.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against that kind of reactive activation in response to the kinds of food that are out there now
Dialogue: 0,0:30:47.58,0:30:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think there is potential in the cannabinoids to do something of that sort
Dialogue: 0,0:30:52.02,0:30:56.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the other area is, as I said, is the modulation of pain perception
Dialogue: 0,0:30:56.35,0:31:02.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There already is a great deal of interesting research showing that cannabis can
Dialogue: 0,0:31:02.53,0:31:11.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enhance the effects of opioids, so that people with chronic pain may be able to take lower doses
Dialogue: 0,0:31:11.24,0:31:17.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of opioids which has great advantage because there are many side effects of derivatives of
Dialogue: 0,0:31:17.94,0:31:26.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opium that are not desirable, among them mental clouding, and to be able to find ways
Dialogue: 0,0:31:26.35,0:31:30.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chronic pain is such an enormous problem in clinical medicine today
Dialogue: 0,0:31:30.42,0:31:34.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it absorbs so many health-care dollars, it's so frustrating to manage
Dialogue: 0,0:31:34.26,0:31:39.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that any new tools that we can get in that area would be extremely welcome, and as I said
Dialogue: 0,0:31:39.73,0:31:43.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think there is great potential with cannabis to do that
Dialogue: 0,0:31:43.33,0:31:48.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I guess in summing up and looking back on all this
Dialogue: 0,0:31:48.34,0:31:50.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although I have not been actively involved
Dialogue: 0,0:31:50.94,0:31:55.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in either psychedelic research or marijuana research for many years
Dialogue: 0,0:31:55.25,0:32:01.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I continue to be struck by the incredible positive potential of these agents
Dialogue: 0,0:32:01.89,0:32:08.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just for manipulation of moods and emotional states but for
Dialogue: 0,0:32:08.43,0:32:15.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dealing with and changing very real, very severe chronic medical ilness
Dialogue: 0,0:32:15.27,0:32:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through changing the way that people interpret
Dialogue: 0,0:32:21.10,0:32:25.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or perceive the symptoms of illness that they experience
Dialogue: 0,0:32:25.09,0:32:33.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that by doing so free up, or unlock or unblock the body's healing potential
Dialogue: 0,0:32:33.15,0:32:37.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think the fact that we've got this opening at the moment is terrific
Dialogue: 0,0:32:37.76,0:32:45.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we should be careful in the way that we design experiments, the way they're publicized
Dialogue: 0,0:32:45.96,0:32:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I think that looking at conditions which are not responsive to other methods
Dialogue: 0,0:32:54.30,0:32:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which involve lots of people, which are very costly and cause human suffering
Dialogue: 0,0:32:59.64,0:33:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there is a great possibility now for getting support for doing this and
Dialogue: 0,0:33:05.52,0:33:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to begin to change this very very outdated and unhelpful cultural perception
Dialogue: 0,0:33:14.16,0:33:16.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we've lived with for far too long
Dialogue: 0,0:33:16.79,0:33:23.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So thank you I'm gonna stop there and I'm gonna continue with you asking some questions
Dialogue: 0,0:33:23.57,0:33:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,applause
Dialogue: 0,0:33:25.06,0:33:30.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that the whole field of mind-body research and mind-body medicine is
Dialogue: 0,0:33:30.74,0:33:35.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coming into it's own in a way that it never has before - there's a novel lot of
Dialogue: 0,0:33:35.71,0:33:43.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,close it? Ok right. Bye
Dialogue: 0,0:33:43.05,0:33:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was very satisfying
Dialogue: 0,0:33:46.56,0:33:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, I have a friend and colleague who is now in his 80's who was
Dialogue: 0,0:33:52.56,0:33:56.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a very eminent endocrinologist and who was one of the founders and
Dialogue: 0,0:33:56.43,0:34:02.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,main movers of the field of psychosomatic medicine in the 1950's and 1960's and he
Dialogue: 0,0:34:02.47,0:34:08.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said to me that he looks back and wonders why that field never went anywhere. Now there's
Dialogue: 0,0:34:08.35,0:34:14.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all this tremendous amount of research being done, what happened to field of psychosomatic medicine?
Dialogue: 0,0:34:14.95,0:34:21.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I said to him, I think the time was wrong, it was ahead of it's time and
Dialogue: 0,0:34:21.66,0:34:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things were not ready, the ground had not been laid to the acceptance of that
Dialogue: 0,0:34:26.10,0:34:35.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think that's all being completely swept aside by this new field of mind-body medicine
Dialogue: 0,0:34:35.91,0:34:40.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is getting very strong support from the neurosciences. I think the ability to
Dialogue: 0,0:34:40.94,0:34:50.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,visualize living brains has done more to make studies of consciousness and altered states of consciousness
Dialogue: 0,0:34:50.25,0:34:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,valid and real than any amount of argument about it
Dialogue: 0,0:34:53.76,0:34:59.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now you can show that people in certain states of consciousness that brain function is different
Dialogue: 0,0:34:59.83,0:35:03.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can find specific localities in the brain where function is different
Dialogue: 0,0:35:03.57,0:35:08.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even in an area that I've been most interested in, the placebo responses
Dialogue: 0,0:35:08.17,0:35:11.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a whole new, more juice going into that because
Dialogue: 0,0:35:11.84,0:35:18.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's been studies showing that in the placebo responses there are particular areas of the brain that seems to mediate this
Dialogue: 0,0:35:18.02,0:35:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I think we're on the threshold of a whole new era of mind-body studies
Dialogue: 0,0:35:22.07,0:35:29.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which psychoneuroimmunology, psychoendocrinology, this is all part of that knife
Dialogue: 0,0:35:29.03,0:35:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there is potential for psychedelics to be welcomed as tools to facilitate that research
Dialogue: 0,0:35:38.10,0:35:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you so much for your presentation, I enjoyed tremendously
Dialogue: 0,0:35:41.30,0:35:47.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One thing, you were talking about pain and different ways to minimize the pain
Dialogue: 0,0:35:47.41,0:35:54.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,physical pain, I studied a lot of mind-body connection, especially the spiritual aspects of it
Dialogue: 0,0:35:54.52,0:36:00.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I've had tremendous results, resolving spiritual issues and how it affects you physically
Dialogue: 0,0:36:00.36,0:36:06.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how I had a horrible pain and I did this meditation, it's ending the pain meditation
Dialogue: 0,0:36:06.26,0:36:10.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at the end you connect to your higher self and I could not believe the results
Dialogue: 0,0:36:10.23,0:36:14.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how just my neck pain that was horrendous got so much better but basically
Dialogue: 0,0:36:14.77,0:36:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the studies that I have been really interested in, it's a guy called Luz Ares
Dialogue: 0,0:36:20.88,0:36:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I don't know if you're familiar with the work of Louis Hay where basically
Dialogue: 0,0:36:27.02,0:36:31.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Luz Ares says that a lot of the different pains in the different parts of the body
Dialogue: 0,0:36:31.56,0:36:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's like coded messages from your higher consciousness that are there to teach
Dialogue: 0,0:36:37.06,0:36:41.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to guide you in such a direction where you need healing so he talks about
Dialogue: 0,0:36:41.100,0:36:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,regular doctors as opposed to alternative doctors and he says that
Dialogue: 0,0:36:45.00,0:36:50.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of times alternative doctors essentialy do the same thing, they just go after eliminating symptom
Dialogue: 0,0:36:50.61,0:37:01.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, so I guess my question is, sorry, have you thought about the spiritual meaning of
Dialogue: 0,0:37:01.32,0:37:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pain and actually resolving it like you were saying at the beginning, how much
Dialogue: 0,0:37:04.66,0:37:12.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,matters resolving it through the mind rather than looking just to physical resolution
Dialogue: 0,0:37:12.06,0:37:18.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have thought about that, there's a lot written about the spiritual meaning of pain
Dialogue: 0,0:37:18.40,0:37:23.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the ways that people in chronic pain can learn to reinterpret it, or listen to it
Dialogue: 0,0:37:23.27,0:37:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or see what it has to teach them. Mindfulness based stress reduction training has
Dialogue: 0,0:37:27.58,0:37:33.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proven very valuable in working with patients in chronic pain, but again I have to tell you since I'm
Dialogue: 0,0:37:33.12,0:37:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really into the somatopsychics of things, the experiences that most interest me
Dialogue: 0,0:37:40.79,0:37:48.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not just subjective perception but changes in body reaction
Dialogue: 0,0:37:48.33,0:37:53.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so, and this is another experience and I think this one I've also written about and this is with MDMA
Dialogue: 0,0:37:53.34,0:38:02.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that frequently I've had the experience of, in the MDMA state, total relax, walking barefoot
Dialogue: 0,0:38:02.05,0:38:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on sharp stones that would normally hurt, it doesn't hurt. OK, that part it's easy for me
Dialogue: 0,0:38:08.08,0:38:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to explain but what's hard to explain is why there are no impressions on my foot
Dialogue: 0,0:38:13.76,0:38:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,normally there would be dense on my foot but there aren't in that state
Dialogue: 0,0:38:18.60,0:38:22.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so what's happening there? I mean, I can hypothesize about it but I think that when the
Dialogue: 0,0:38:22.83,0:38:30.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mind leaves the body alone that muscles can very precisely respond to things
Dialogue: 0,0:38:30.41,0:38:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so if there's a point of a rock pressing there the muscle right there can press back to neutralize it
Dialogue: 0,0:38:37.78,0:38:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That stuff really interest me, how you can change reactions, like insects things or
Dialogue: 0,0:38:45.02,0:38:53.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or being hit by something or being burned, not only does the pain change but the body's reactions change
Dialogue: 0,0:38:53.40,0:38:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's something that can be learned, and it seems to me that the commonality here
Dialogue: 0,0:38:59.40,0:39:06.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is dropping some sort of defensive stands toward the universe, that's the act of
Dialogue: 0,0:39:06.01,0:39:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,defending oneself that in some way leads to some sort of rigidity or freezing of body's responses that
Dialogue: 0,0:39:14.08,0:39:21.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causes injury or allows injury to occur. That's the area that I would love to see research on
Dialogue: 0,0:39:21.69,0:39:28.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Weil I'm always in love with what you have to say, I just have one question
Dialogue: 0,0:39:28.43,0:39:36.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we get the ball rolling on legitimizing psychedelics and treatment modalities for people with real pain and suffering?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:36.17,0:39:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, must of the knowledge has been there form the 70's, the 60's
Dialogue: 0,0:39:42.25,0:39:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there has to be some kind of tipping point in society, some point in the structure where
Dialogue: 0,0:39:48.08,0:39:54.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the power shifts a little bit and I'm wondering how we as ants, worker ants, army ants, little people
Dialogue: 0,0:39:54.46,0:39:58.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we can do to see a brighter day?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:58.83,0:40:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In some ways as gloomy as things look out there in some ways, I think the energy
Dialogue: 0,0:40:05.70,0:40:10.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the 60's and the energy of that period really has diffused through the culture
Dialogue: 0,0:40:10.57,0:40:19.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it is working it's way and it seems to me that in casual conversation today
Dialogue: 0,0:40:19.02,0:40:26.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I interacted with a wide range of people talking in many different locations, I think those
Dialogue: 0,0:40:26.02,0:40:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attitudes are changing, that there is a greater acceptance of this and I think the ways of
Dialogue: 0,0:40:33.00,0:40:38.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specially with this kind of, look at the little bit of reports I've seen around this conference
Dialogue: 0,0:40:38.67,0:40:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the reports I've seen on recent articles about the therapeutic use of psychedelics, there's a different tone than was before
Dialogue: 0,0:40:47.08,0:40:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I see Rick's nodding his head. I think that's true, so I am optimistic. I don't know if we're at a tipping point
Dialogue: 0,0:40:56.04,0:41:01.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I think we're moving in the direction of it
Dialogue: 0,0:41:01.19,0:41:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Andrew, I used to know you years ago back in the days of hemperalism in front of the LA federal building
Dialogue: 0,0:41:08.50,0:41:13.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in honor of Jack Herer's death yesterday, I wanna to
Dialogue: 0,0:41:13.03,0:41:16.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes I just heard that he died yesterday morning
Dialogue: 0,0:41:16.87,0:41:21.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yes he died yesterday morning at 11 a.m. and in honor of that I wanna to ask you your opinion
Dialogue: 0,0:41:21.61,0:41:29.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Rick Simpson cancer treatment oil as well as Dr. Malamides research on using THC for
Dialogue: 0,0:41:29.65,0:41:34.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reduction of tumor cells as well as protecting healthy cells
Dialogue: 0,0:41:34.86,0:41:39.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually I did not mention that in the things I talked about, the areas of promising research
Dialogue: 0,0:41:39.70,0:41:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think the other great interesting area with cannabinoids is the possibility of both preventing and treating cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:41:48.04,0:41:53.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's something that's completely unexpected. These are recent findings
Dialogue: 0,0:41:53.24,0:41:57.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even protective against lung cancer and serious forms of cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:41:57.65,0:42:01.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as by the way protection against dementia and memory loss
Dialogue: 0,0:42:01.15,0:42:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who would had ever thought?
Dialogue: 0,0:42:05.56,0:42:12.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there it is, so again, these are novel interesting, unexpected potentials
Dialogue: 0,0:42:12.06,0:42:16.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of cannabinoids that certainly should be explored
Dialogue: 0,0:42:16.57,0:42:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanna thank you for your speech
Dialogue: 0,0:42:19.94,0:42:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've mentioned that psychedelics can have psychosomatic effects on real
Dialogue: 0,0:42:26.88,0:42:33.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,physical problems for the body, such as multiple sclerosis. I was wondering if you could enumerate those
Dialogue: 0,0:42:33.55,0:42:39.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,psychedelics and explain a little bit more about how they have those kinds of effects
Dialogue: 0,0:42:39.22,0:42:44.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All I can tell you is at the moment I have case reports, these are people that I knew,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:44.36,0:42:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were patients of mine, people that I have met, heard from
Dialogue: 0,0:42:50.90,0:42:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which I am satisfied of the validity of the reports, and this is something that should be studied
Dialogue: 0,0:42:57.01,0:43:03.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, the agents that were used were variable
Dialogue: 0,0:43:03.01,0:43:09.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but typically they were LSD, I think the most common, sometimes MDMA, sometimes mushrooms
Dialogue: 0,0:43:09.22,0:43:17.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes the change happened instantaneously, as with my cat allergy or the sun tann thing
Dialogue: 0,0:43:17.23,0:43:22.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes it was a change that happened after, over a period of weeks or months
Dialogue: 0,0:43:22.93,0:43:30.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes with repeated use of the agent, but it seems as if
Dialogue: 0,0:43:30.37,0:43:34.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, I don't know the mechanism, I can only speculate
Dialogue: 0,0:43:34.34,0:43:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I think that the ways that the mind interacts with the body
Dialogue: 0,0:43:40.98,0:43:53.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are infinite, complex, wonderful, that there are common ways in which the habitual patterns of the mind
Dialogue: 0,0:43:53.63,0:44:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the habitual patterns of the perception, get in the way of that healing mechanism that I
Dialogue: 0,0:44:01.00,0:44:05.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talked about in the beginning of the talk
Dialogue: 0,0:44:05.71,0:44:08.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hello Doctor it's great to have you here
Dialogue: 0,0:44:08.78,0:44:14.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My question is, you said there is so much focus
Dialogue: 0,0:44:14.32,0:44:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the healing aspects of these medicines, but very little to the preventive aspects of it
Dialogue: 0,0:44:22.08,0:44:27.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, going beyond it, to a health optimization
Dialogue: 0,0:44:27.76,0:44:38.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of people I know who are using psychedelics are yoguis, movement specialists, who are some of the healthiest people I know
Dialogue: 0,0:44:38.41,0:44:41.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Albert Hofmann for example, lived over a 100
Dialogue: 0,0:44:41.88,0:44:45.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and attributed that to regular use of LSD
Dialogue: 0,0:44:45.35,0:44:49.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's probably something we should not be widely talking about
Dialogue: 0,0:44:49.75,0:44:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the time when we are trying to produce a cultural change
Dialogue: 0,0:44:53.52,0:45:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I agree with you, I think that's true, I think we all have seen that, we all know people that use psychedelics that way
Dialogue: 0,0:45:00.56,0:45:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that many people that I know who have been involved in the psychedelic world
Dialogue: 0,0:45:07.00,0:45:14.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feel that way. I'm concerned about advertising that widely. I think at the moment
Dialogue: 0,0:45:14.18,0:45:18.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we should concentrate more on the therapeutic potentials that I talked about
Dialogue: 0,0:45:18.12,0:45:22.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I think that's tremendously interesting. I don't think that this culture is yet ready to hear about
Dialogue: 0,0:45:22.69,0:45:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,health optimization through regular use of psychedelics
Dialogue: 0,0:45:33.70,0:45:36.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What prompted you to discover a weilii?
Dialogue: 0,0:45:36.77,0:45:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What prompted you to discover a weilii?
Dialogue: 0,0:45:39.09,0:45:42.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did not discover the Psilocybe weilii
Dialogue: 0,0:45:42.07,0:45:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was discovered by a man in Georgia and the mushroom was named for me by my friend Paul Stamets
Dialogue: 0,0:45:49.09,0:45:59.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you don't name things for yourself in science and I was very delighted by that
Dialogue: 0,0:45:59.46,0:46:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I had nothing to do with this discovery, but I'm very happy. By the way, I don't know
Dialogue: 0,0:46:07.16,0:46:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you know that the word psilocybe in greek it means bald head, so that seems appropriate
Dialogue: 0,0:46:19.38,0:46:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Weil, I read an article maybe in Psychopharmacology in some time the past 12 months
Dialogue: 0,0:46:28.02,0:46:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was concerning the existence of a polymorphism for the protein which produces monoaminoxidase
Dialogue: 0,0:46:35.06,0:46:42.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, stated briefly, two forms of MAO one of which is more active than the other
Dialogue: 0,0:46:42.27,0:46:49.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Individuals who have the less active form are significantly more susceptible to the placebo effect
Dialogue: 0,0:46:49.34,0:46:56.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An what I'm wondering is whetter the use of monoaminoxidase inhibition in ayahuasca is
Dialogue: 0,0:46:56.81,0:47:02.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in some way modulating one's susceptibility to the placebo effect
Dialogue: 0,0:47:02.22,0:47:05.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not familiar with that research, I'll look it up, that's interesting
Dialogue: 0,0:47:05.76,0:47:10.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if so, what you say is certainly a possibility, very interesting
Dialogue: 0,0:47:10.63,0:47:14.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am a great believer in biochemical individuality
Dialogue: 0,0:47:14.70,0:47:20.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's something that's absolutely ignored in conventional pharmacotherapeutics
Dialogue: 0,0:47:20.54,0:47:27.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and something that people that use drugs, people that dispense drugs to others should be very aware of
Dialogue: 0,0:47:27.48,0:47:33.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These wide range reactions, some of which is based on differential ability to metabolize
Dialogue: 0,0:47:33.58,0:47:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pharmacological agents. Very nice idea, I'll check it out
Dialogue: 0,0:47:43.19,0:47:47.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr., this is a question that comes from a little bit of personal experience
Dialogue: 0,0:47:47.63,0:47:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are you aware of any studies regarding the use of tryptamine psychedelics or cannabinoids
Dialogue: 0,0:47:54.87,0:48:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causing physical pain in people who take these compounds
Dialogue: 0,0:48:01.08,0:48:05.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Acutely at the time that they take them or over time?
Dialogue: 0,0:48:05.55,0:48:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During the session, for example
Dialogue: 0,0:48:06.10,0:48:10.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the personal experience I had was that I took LSD
Dialogue: 0,0:48:10.35,0:48:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is a few months after a joint surgery and
Dialogue: 0,0:48:14.02,0:48:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I sort of had that same feeling of pain that my shoulder was dislocating - Ah - and
Dialogue: 0,0:48:18.96,0:48:25.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though, according to my ortho doctor it's completely stable, but I
Dialogue: 0,0:48:25.50,0:48:29.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could saw the same exact pain sensation of it's sliding out of it's socket
Dialogue: 0,0:48:29.34,0:48:31.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it never actually happened
Dialogue: 0,0:48:31.98,0:48:37.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have seen occasional people who have experiences like that but I'm not sure
Dialogue: 0,0:48:37.95,0:48:42.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how I would interpret them. Whether that's just that you became aware of a body memory
Dialogue: 0,0:48:42.79,0:48:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think one of the potentials of psychedelics is to help people bring into consciousness
Dialogue: 0,0:48:49.53,0:48:54.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,memories, often painful memories, that have been stored in the musculature of the body
Dialogue: 0,0:48:54.93,0:49:02.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that's a possibility
Dialogue: 0,0:49:02.20,0:49:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, my question comes from second hand experience. It's about friends who are
Dialogue: 0,0:49:08.24,0:49:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suffering from prolonged persistence state of disorder of hallucinations
Dialogue: 0,0:49:12.98,0:49:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hum-hum
Dialogue: 0,0:49:13.88,0:49:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've read that the best treatment that is know of is reassuring the person because it can
Dialogue: 0,0:49:18.66,0:49:23.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,go away, but they think they're still experiencing it, than it becomes a vicious cycle
Dialogue: 0,0:49:23.39,0:49:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are there any new developments in that? Besides antipsychosis drugs?
Dialogue: 0,0:49:26.76,0:49:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm really not the person to ask about that. If you're talking about the general category of flashbacks
Dialogue: 0,0:49:33.70,0:49:40.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think the less attention paid to it the better, and then they tend to go away
Dialogue: 0,0:49:40.28,0:49:43.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are normal experiences that people have
Dialogue: 0,0:49:43.81,0:49:50.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the drug experience was associated with anxiety, then having a memory of it can trigger anxiety
Dialogue: 0,0:49:50.89,0:49:54.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then if you hear that this indicates brain damage
Dialogue: 0,0:49:54.06,0:49:56.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can imagine that being a vicious cycle of anxiety
Dialogue: 0,0:49:56.93,0:50:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I always doubted that by just reassuring people that these are not significant will make it go away on their own
Dialogue: 0,0:50:01.70,0:50:05.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks very much for your enthusiasm and commonness, and I think part
Dialogue: 0,0:50:05.17,0:50:08.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the commonness, you sound sort of apolitical
Dialogue: 0,0:50:08.64,0:50:13.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I invite you for a minute to consider the politics, let's say of
Dialogue: 0,0:50:13.98,0:50:20.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the possibility of California in the legalization of Marijuana
Dialogue: 0,0:50:20.68,0:50:30.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It almost is because the taxation issue is almost, this could be a possibility and we might have
Dialogue: 0,0:50:30.19,0:50:34.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,legalized marijuana here before we have legal gameness
Dialogue: 0,0:50:34.43,0:50:39.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or single pair healthcare, amazing it, no?
Dialogue: 0,0:50:39.50,0:50:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amazing
Dialogue: 0,0:50:41.54,0:50:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have not been apolitical in my writings or speaking
Dialogue: 0,0:50:45.38,0:50:48.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those of you who know my book "From chocolate to morphine"
Dialogue: 0,0:50:48.34,0:50:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first sentence of that book is that wars against drugs are always lost
Dialogue: 0,0:50:54.02,0:51:01.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the strong argument of it is that the criminal law is not an effective and appropriate way
Dialogue: 0,0:51:01.89,0:51:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try to influence people's consumption of psychoactive drugs
Dialogue: 0,0:51:06.16,0:51:08.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the bottom line. If we have to
Dialogue: 0,0:51:08.46,0:51:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- applause -
Dialogue: 0,0:51:13.07,0:51:20.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How we get ourselves away from that, I don't know. There has to be a commitment
Dialogue: 0,0:51:20.18,0:51:26.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from back away from dependence on criminal law as the method of dealing with this
Dialogue: 0,0:51:26.62,0:51:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that whole superstructure of law has to be dismantled and I would imagine that has to be done
Dialogue: 0,0:51:32.49,0:51:39.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a peace meal fashion over time. Starting with the decriminalization of marijuana
Dialogue: 0,0:51:39.100,0:51:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the legalization of it in appropriate amounts and finding other ways to regulate it
Dialogue: 0,0:51:44.77,0:51:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and eventually extending that to all other substances, and it doesn't work,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:48.44,0:51:52.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it creates immense damage, and another change that's happening in the world today
Dialogue: 0,0:51:52.71,0:51:56.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe correlated with this opening that we are seeing with psychedelic research
Dialogue: 0,0:51:56.08,0:52:03.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's very interesting that there have been heads of state who have said the call for legalization of all drugs
Dialogue: 0,0:52:03.59,0:52:09.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that they see that the damage to our societies and current system is too great
Dialogue: 0,0:52:09.13,0:52:15.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it's no just here in California, it's also in Mexico and some south-american countries
Dialogue: 0,0:52:15.46,0:52:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it will be very interesting to watch that trend
Dialogue: 0,0:52:19.07,0:52:26.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanna to ask actually about the defensive education of our castes in
Dialogue: 0,0:52:26.38,0:52:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the food industry I think that it's been difficult to implement a ban let alone the legal issues
Dialogue: 0,0:52:33.02,0:52:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,however I have noticed that heightened awareness and increased sensation of taste has
Dialogue: 0,0:52:38.36,0:52:41.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helped educate me a great deal about food
Dialogue: 0,0:52:41.62,0:52:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been a huge fan of the core of your work from way back to the present day
Dialogue: 0,0:52:47.10,0:52:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could you talk more about the connection between drug to food and medicinal diet in general?
Dialogue: 0,0:52:55.00,0:53:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a big question but just looking at the food issue, we are in big trouble with food in this country
Dialogue: 0,0:53:01.98,0:53:06.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the only way that we're gonna get out of it is if there is a collective effort to change things
Dialogue: 0,0:53:06.88,0:53:11.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that means that the government, private sector and individuals all have to take responsibility here
Dialogue: 0,0:53:11.79,0:53:16.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you cannot have a government telling us that we should eat better
Dialogue: 0,0:53:16.99,0:53:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at the same time insuring that the cheapest calories out there are all the horrible stuff made
Dialogue: 0,0:53:23.00,0:53:29.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with refined soy bean oil and corn syrup, and it's cheap because the federal government artificially drives down the prices
Dialogue: 0,0:53:29.87,0:53:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of those ingredients by subsidizing corn
Dialogue: 0,0:53:32.38,0:53:34.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are no subsidies for fruits and vegetables
Dialogue: 0,0:53:34.91,0:53:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are the most expensive things you find in stores
Dialogue: 0,0:53:37.78,0:53:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,applause
Dialogue: 0,0:53:45.02,0:53:49.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and are full of health protective elements and are simply out of the reach of most people who
Dialogue: 0,0:53:49.10,0:53:54.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are poor in this country, including on indian reservations and the inner cities
Dialogue: 0,0:53:54.33,0:53:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You cannot have these big food manufacturers go around freely
Dialogue: 0,0:53:58.84,0:54:03.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making these products attractive to kids through advertising
Dialogue: 0,0:54:03.14,0:54:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if we're serious about that it's gonna take changes in those areas
Dialogue: 0,0:54:07.34,0:54:14.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's a huge problem and something we're gonna be forced to come to grips with
Dialogue: 0,0:54:14.42,0:54:20.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the obesity epidemic and the type II diabetes epidemic coming right up behind it
Dialogue: 0,0:54:20.36,0:54:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have the potential to just take us down as a society
Dialogue: 0,0:54:25.06,0:54:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much for coming
Dialogue: 0,0:54:26.36,0:54:30.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In some of your writings you describe the natural form of MDMA
Dialogue: 0,0:54:30.87,0:54:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I can't remember what dose herbs were, and they were a molecule off
Dialogue: 0,0:54:34.94,0:54:36.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I wonder if you could say
Dialogue: 0,0:54:36.31,0:54:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't think there is a natural form of MDMA. It's a semisynthetic compound
Dialogue: 0,0:54:41.68,0:54:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are various starting materials that
Dialogue: 0,0:54:46.18,0:54:54.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be used, one is a compound called safrol, which is a natural constituent of sassafraz root
Dialogue: 0,0:54:54.06,0:55:00.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MDMA has a peculiar chemical structure called a methylene dioxide bridge which
Dialogue: 0,0:55:00.50,0:55:06.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a nightmare to synthesize. And so, when chemists wanna make a structure
Dialogue: 0,0:55:06.09,0:55:11.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the synthesis of which would be way too costly, time consuming
Dialogue: 0,0:55:11.41,0:55:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you look in nature to try to find that structure and you build on it
Dialogue: 0,0:55:16.08,0:55:21.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember a synthetic chemist once telling me when you want a methylene dioxide bridge
Dialogue: 0,0:55:21.42,0:55:23.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you go to god
Dialogue: 0,0:55:23.95,0:55:29.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, these plants that contains starting materials that have that are really not psychoactive
Dialogue: 0,0:55:29.53,0:55:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I don't know anything out there in the natural world or herbal world that I would call
Dialogue: 0,0:55:33.08,0:55:37.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,natural MDMA
Dialogue: 0,0:55:37.67,0:55:42.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Andy, on behalf of all the psychedelic science we appreciate you coming out today
Dialogue: 0,0:55:42.94,0:55:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My pleasure
Dialogue: 0,0:55:44.01,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,applause