WEBVTT 00:00:09.305 --> 00:00:15.209 Takriban watu milioni mia tatu sitini na tano hutumia Kiingereza kama lugha ya mama 00:00:16.609 --> 00:00:20.710 Wengine zaidi ya bilioni mbili husoma na kutumia Kiingeereza 00:00:20.711 --> 00:00:23.059 kama lugha ya pili au ya tatu 00:00:24.376 --> 00:00:26.082 Kama wewe ni mzungumzaji wa Kiingereza 00:00:26.083 --> 00:00:31.535 unayosema yanaeleweka kwa watu takriban bilioni mbili unusu 00:00:32.485 --> 00:00:36.838 Kutakuwa na haja gani kusomea lugha yeyote ingine ya kigeni? 00:00:36.839 --> 00:00:41.143 Si itakuwa tu kupoteza mda? 00:00:41.144 --> 00:00:45.382 Nelson Mandela alikashifiwa vikali 00:00:45.383 --> 00:00:49.112 na waafrika kusini kwa kuongea Afrikaans 00:00:50.022 --> 00:00:51.488 Alijibu hivi, 00:00:51.489 --> 00:00:55.225 "Unapomuongelesha mtu kwa lugha anayoifahamu 00:00:56.055 --> 00:00:57.613 hilo halisahau. 00:00:59.023 --> 00:01:02.040 Unapomuongelesha mtu kwa lugha ya mama 00:01:02.720 --> 00:01:04.312 hilo huenda moyoni mwake." 00:01:05.391 --> 00:01:06.661 Hivyo jambo ni hili: 00:01:06.662 --> 00:01:09.330 Ukitaka kumshawishi mtu 00:01:09.331 --> 00:01:11.705 lenga moyo wake uongeapo. 00:01:13.185 --> 00:01:14.973 Mapapa wanajua hili. 00:01:14.974 --> 00:01:18.884 John Paul wa pili afahamu lugha kumi vyema 00:01:18.885 --> 00:01:22.343 na kadhaa zingine alizijua kimsingi. 00:01:22.953 --> 00:01:26.591 Popote alipoenda, alisalimia wenyeji 00:01:26.592 --> 00:01:30.847 akitumia yale maneno aliyojua kwa lugha zao asili; 00:01:30.848 --> 00:01:35.845 na hapo ndipo umaarufu wake ulipotokea. 00:01:37.395 --> 00:01:39.804 Walio na akina mama wakwe wa ugenini 00:01:39.805 --> 00:01:43.265 au akina mama wakwe wa ugenini watarajiwa, wanalijua hili, pia. 00:01:44.005 --> 00:01:46.406 Wanaweza kuongea Kiingereza wakiwa na wapenzi wao, 00:01:46.407 --> 00:01:50.552 lakini wakitaka kuwa na maelewano na mama wa msichana, 00:01:51.222 --> 00:01:55.181 vijana hujitolea kujifunza lugha za kushangaza, 00:01:55.185 --> 00:01:56.872 hata Kiholanzi. 00:01:56.876 --> 00:01:58.668 (Vicheko) 00:01:58.676 --> 00:02:01.104 Na hili husaidia. 00:02:01.974 --> 00:02:03.300 Kwa nini? 00:02:04.030 --> 00:02:09.044 Kwa vile, lugha zetu asili huambatana kwa karibu na 00:02:09.045 --> 00:02:13.050 utu wetu na kujitambulisha kwetu. 00:02:13.051 --> 00:02:17.694 Historia yetu yote imeota mizizi, 00:02:17.695 --> 00:02:20.727 na kulowa ndani ya lugha zetu asili. 00:02:21.451 --> 00:02:27.648 Kuna makumbusho na hisia zilizounganika na maneno, muonekano, 00:02:28.764 --> 00:02:31.642 hata kwa sarufi tulizokua nazo. 00:02:32.646 --> 00:02:37.141 Hivyo, unapojifunza lugha ya mwengine, 00:02:37.142 --> 00:02:40.350 unajifahamisha kuwa una nia halisi 00:02:40.351 --> 00:02:44.168 kwa maisha yao, kwa utu wao. 00:02:44.959 --> 00:02:47.585 Ni mama mkwe yupi hatafurahia? 00:02:48.711 --> 00:02:52.581 Unaposikia lugha yako unaskia kuungika. 00:02:53.834 --> 00:02:55.617 Unaposafiri, 00:02:55.618 --> 00:02:59.592 na umekuwa ukiongea lugha ya kigeni kwa siku au wiki kadhaa, 00:03:00.642 --> 00:03:03.011 wakati unapoabiri ndege 00:03:03.012 --> 00:03:06.279 na msaidizi kwa ndege akusalimie kwa lugha yako asili, 00:03:06.280 --> 00:03:08.408 unafahamu basi unaenda nyumbani. 00:03:10.478 --> 00:03:14.450 Kama lugha asili zingekuwa na harufu, 00:03:14.451 --> 00:03:18.680 nadhani zingenukia kama kuki, 00:03:18.681 --> 00:03:21.103 na kama supu ya kuku ya kurariji, 00:03:21.773 --> 00:03:23.828 na kama marashi ya nyanya - 00:03:24.668 --> 00:03:27.941 labda kidogo kama kifukuzi nondo. 00:03:28.742 --> 00:03:34.000 Hii inaweza kuwa sababu lugha zilizotungwa, 00:03:34.001 --> 00:03:40.301 kama Esperanto, hazijasambaa kama ilivyotarajiwa. 00:03:41.212 --> 00:03:44.212 Ziwe zimetungwa kiujanja namna gani, 00:03:44.213 --> 00:03:46.995 na rahisi kushika, 00:03:48.334 --> 00:03:53.085 hakuna nchi yeyote imewahi pitisha lugha ya kutungwa kama lugha asili. 00:03:53.948 --> 00:03:58.939 Wala kama lugha ya kigeni kufunzwa 00:03:58.940 --> 00:04:02.564 kwa mkabala mkubwa, kwa kipindi kirefu, 00:04:03.414 --> 00:04:05.161 ingawa hilo limejaribiwa. 00:04:05.831 --> 00:04:11.871 Lakini, licha ya matatizo yanayokumba lugha asili - 00:04:11.872 --> 00:04:15.434 kama makosa ya kutataniisha, 00:04:15.435 --> 00:04:20.154 tofauti ya uandishi na matamko, 00:04:20.156 --> 00:04:24.694 wakati mwengine ugumu wa fasaha - 00:04:25.655 --> 00:04:27.304 lakini licha ya hayo yote, 00:04:28.304 --> 00:04:34.192 tunaona bora kujifunza lugha zilizochipuka katikati ya watu. 00:04:35.812 --> 00:04:39.654 Lugha zilizotungwa hulenga akili. 00:04:40.774 --> 00:04:44.772 Lugha asili zina mnuso wa kuki. 00:04:46.056 --> 00:04:51.981 Kwa Nelson Mandela, kujifunza Afrikaans ilikuwa inalenga "kutambua adui." 00:04:51.982 --> 00:04:56.910 Alisema, "Unahitaji kujua lugha yao, na shauku zao, 00:04:56.911 --> 00:05:00.243 na matarajio, na uoga wao, kama unataka kuwashinda." 00:05:01.073 --> 00:05:03.644 Alifanya hilo. Lilifaulu. 00:05:04.724 --> 00:05:08.186 Lakini si wakati wote maadui wanapohusika, ama? 00:05:09.254 --> 00:05:12.111 Hii inafaa kutumika kwa uhusiano wote wa kibinaadamu. 00:05:13.445 --> 00:05:17.746 Na siwezi sema kuwa akina mama wakwe ni maadui - 00:05:17.747 --> 00:05:18.983 ki ufafanuzi. 00:05:19.833 --> 00:05:22.762 Takriban miaka saba au nane zilizopita, 00:05:22.763 --> 00:05:25.642 nilikuwa nasafiri Poland na familia yangu. 00:05:27.172 --> 00:05:31.413 Maduka yalikuwa karibu kufungwa na tulihitaji kununua chakula. 00:05:32.257 --> 00:05:35.692 Mwishowe, tulipata duka kubwa upande wa pili wa barabara. 00:05:36.908 --> 00:05:41.637 Njia pekee tungefikia duka hilo kabla kufungwa ilikuwa kugeuza gari pasipo pa kugeuka. 00:05:41.638 --> 00:05:43.328 Hivyo ndivyo nilivyofanya. 00:05:44.368 --> 00:05:46.578 Hilo lilikuwa hatari. 00:05:47.528 --> 00:05:49.696 Ilikuwa haramu kwa kweli. 00:05:52.065 --> 00:05:57.638 Nilipoegesha gari, hata kabla niziime injini - 00:05:58.238 --> 00:06:00.053 - niliskia sauti ya kubisha. 00:06:01.250 --> 00:06:06.096 Hivyo nikateremsha dirisha, na jozi mbili za macho zikatokea. 00:06:07.624 --> 00:06:11.963 Kila jozi la macho lilikuwa la polisi. 00:06:13.296 --> 00:06:17.564 Sasa, siwezi jigamba naelewa lugha ya Polish vyema 00:06:17.565 --> 00:06:19.255 kwa nyakati nzuri, 00:06:19.985 --> 00:06:23.526 lakini nyakati zilizopita niliweza kuendeleza mazungumzo. 00:06:24.336 --> 00:06:27.780 Lakini kwa mazingara yale, na dhamiri ya hatia, 00:06:28.620 --> 00:06:31.755 jicho kwa jicho na polisi, wakiwa na sare halisi, 00:06:33.175 --> 00:06:38.315 kila neno la Polish nililokuwa nikijua liliniponyoka. 00:06:39.719 --> 00:06:43.789 Na bado, sikufikiria hata kwa mda, 00:06:44.549 --> 00:06:47.728 kujaribu kusuluhisha tatizo nikitumia Kiingereza. 00:06:49.078 --> 00:06:53.318 Kiingereza nadhani kingenipatia upeo wa juu kilugha, 00:06:54.278 --> 00:06:57.280 lakini labda ingefanya polisi kuwa na wasiwasi. 00:06:58.244 --> 00:07:00.934 Hivyo, niliaminisha kubaki na lugha ya Polish. 00:07:01.774 --> 00:07:02.798 Kivipi? 00:07:04.479 --> 00:07:08.699 Ile kona yangu finyu ya lugha ya Polish ilikuwa imezima 00:07:10.388 --> 00:07:11.965 isipokuwa jambo moja. 00:07:13.204 --> 00:07:17.942 Kulikuwa na jambo moja nililokuwa nimelirudia mara nyingi 00:07:17.943 --> 00:07:20.814 hata ningeweza kulikariri nikiwa usingizini. 00:07:22.501 --> 00:07:24.960 Lilikuwa ni shairi la watoto, 00:07:27.563 --> 00:07:29.652 lililohusu chura mgonjwa. 00:07:30.273 --> 00:07:32.251 (Vicheko) 00:07:32.951 --> 00:07:34.522 Hilo ndilo nililokuwa nalo. 00:07:34.523 --> 00:07:39.523 Najua lilikuwa jambo la ajabu kufanya, lakini nilitoa kelele: 00:07:40.417 --> 00:07:42.532 (Polish) "Chura mmoja alisikia udhaifu 00:07:42.532 --> 00:07:46.084 hivyo akaenda kwa daktari na akasema ni mgonjwa. 00:07:46.085 --> 00:07:50.458 Daktari akavalia miwani yake kwa sababu alikuwa kazeeka." 00:07:51.564 --> 00:07:53.882 Niliwatazama polisi. 00:07:53.883 --> 00:07:56.483 Na walikuwa wakiniangalia kwa mshangao. 00:07:56.484 --> 00:07:57.813 (Vicheko) 00:07:58.653 --> 00:08:01.659 Nakumbuka kama mmoja wao alikuna kichwa. 00:08:02.669 --> 00:08:05.242 Alafu wote wakatabasamu. 00:08:06.112 --> 00:08:07.339 Wakatabasamu. 00:08:07.340 --> 00:08:10.879 Na hilo, kwa upande wake, likaniweka hali shwari, 00:08:10.880 --> 00:08:14.256 shwari hadi maneno machache husika yaliyopotea 00:08:14.257 --> 00:08:16.677 yangeweza kurudi akilini mwangu. 00:08:16.688 --> 00:08:19.687 Ningeweza kugugumiza sentensi chache kama, 00:08:19.688 --> 00:08:23.483 "Pole sana, nilikuwa nahitaji chakula, sitawahi kurudia hilo tena." 00:08:24.763 --> 00:08:26.262 Waliniachilia bila adhabu. 00:08:27.334 --> 00:08:32.458 Nilipokuwa nakimbia ndani ya duka, waliita, "maneno kwa lugha ya Polish!" 00:08:32.480 --> 00:08:34.020 "Uwe na safari njema!" 00:08:34.650 --> 00:08:39.006 Si lengo langu kuwashurutisha kujifunza lugha za kigeni 00:08:39.006 --> 00:08:42.696 ndio msafiri pande zote za dunia, mvunje sheria na muepuke bila adhabu. 00:08:44.586 --> 00:08:49.481 Lakini tukio hili linaonyesha vile maneno machache, 00:08:50.261 --> 00:08:53.760 ingawa rahisi au ya kijinga, maneno machache tu, 00:08:53.761 --> 00:08:57.991 yanawezaenda moja kwa moja ndani ya moyo na kuuyeyusha. 00:08:58.901 --> 00:09:01.771 Ijapo kuwa, kulikuwa na wimbo mbadala wa ule wa chura mgonjwa. 00:09:01.772 --> 00:09:04.207 Lilikuwa jambo moja nililolijua vyema sana: 00:09:05.857 --> 00:09:07.232 wimbo wa kunywa. 00:09:07.233 --> 00:09:08.525 (Kicheko) 00:09:09.185 --> 00:09:11.394 Labda hilo halingenipatia tabasamu 00:09:12.124 --> 00:09:14.430 labda safari hadi kituo cha polisi 00:09:14.431 --> 00:09:15.661 kwa uchunguzi wa damu. 00:09:17.603 --> 00:09:21.133 Si lazima ujifunze lugha nyingi, 00:09:21.134 --> 00:09:24.153 na si lazima uzijue kwa undani. 00:09:24.154 --> 00:09:26.162 Ujuzi kidogo unaweza kuwa wa manufaa makubwa. 00:09:27.122 --> 00:09:30.383 Maneno kumi yanalengayo moyoni yanaweza kuwa na athari kubwa 00:09:30.384 --> 00:09:32.964 kuliko maneno alfu moja yalengayo akili. 00:09:34.644 --> 00:09:38.741 Unaweza kuchagua kutumia Kiingereza na kukutana katikati. 00:09:39.851 --> 00:09:44.822 Lakini pia unaweza chagua kuwa yule mtu avukaye kigezo kilicho katikati 00:09:44.823 --> 00:09:49.393 na kukutana na swahiba wako au mpinzani wako, yeyote yule, 00:09:49.394 --> 00:09:50.394 kutana nao kwa maskani yao. 00:09:50.394 --> 00:09:52.375 Kuongea lugha ya mwengine haikufanyi kuwa dhaifu, 00:09:52.375 --> 00:09:55.334 inadhibitisha una nguvu. 00:09:55.336 --> 00:09:57.066 Ni yule aliye na ujasiri, na afanyaye juhudi za kuvuka vigezo 00:09:57.856 --> 00:10:04.241 anayeibuka mshindi mwishowe. 00:10:05.221 --> 00:10:06.923 Usiogope kufanya makosa. Makosa yanadhihirisha ubinadamu. 00:10:08.292 --> 00:10:12.210 Na kando na haya, kuna la ziada: 00:10:12.918 --> 00:10:16.836 Ukifanya makosa huko nje, 00:10:18.091 --> 00:10:20.692 unatoa fursa kwa wenzako kukusaidia, kukujia na kukutana nawe. 00:10:20.693 --> 00:10:26.090 Na kwa njia hii, utangamano utakaokuwa umeanzisha utakuwa wenye nguvu. 00:10:26.091 --> 00:10:31.933 Hivyo, wataka kueleweka 00:10:32.934 --> 00:10:37.190 au wataka kutangamana? 00:10:38.320 --> 00:10:39.970 Jameni tuendelee kujifunza na kukitumia Kiingereza. 00:10:41.650 --> 00:10:46.520 Ndivyo tutangamane na walio na lugha tofauti za kiasilia, kama tunavyofanya hapa TEDx. 00:10:48.080 --> 00:10:52.561 Kiingereza ni kigezo muhimu cha kueneza ujuzi, 00:10:53.591 --> 00:10:57.697 kwa mikutano ya kimataifa ya kujadili shida za kimataifa 00:10:57.698 --> 00:11:03.750 Juu ya yote, Kiingereza ni barabara kuu kufikia mioyo milioni mia tatu sitini na tano. 00:11:04.940 --> 00:11:10.161 Kwa watu mia tatu sitini na tano, lugha ya Kiingereza yanukia kuki. 00:11:11.131 --> 00:11:17.170 Lakini mbona ukomee hapo? 00:11:18.927 --> 00:11:20.517 Mbona usiongeze jitihada 00:11:22.007 --> 00:11:24.535 na kujifunza angalau lugha moja geni? 00:11:24.536 --> 00:11:27.696 Kuna ladha kadhaa za kuki. 00:11:28.776 --> 00:11:31.784 Twendeni na tuonje moja mpya. 00:11:31.785 --> 00:11:34.181 Asante. 00:11:34.990 --> 00:11:36.051 (Makofi) 00:11:36.463 --> 00:11:37.755 (Makofi)