WEBVTT

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A walk to convey power.

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A greeting that gets the upper hand.

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A gesture that can hide a lie.

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Body language can betray us.

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When a president's under pressure.

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Or celebrities in the media glare.

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Look beyond the words.

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Their body language says it all.

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-It's a sudden poise.
-Self-touch gesture.

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-Hot spots.
-Microexpressions.

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In this special,
experts will dissect the body,

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the face,

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and the voice

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to reveal its hidden meanings,
its secrets.

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This is a world where what we say
is all important.

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They said this day would never come.

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We hang on every word.

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Tomorrow, we begin again.
Thank you.

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But are we getting all the message?

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Older, darker, psychopaths,
serial killers' handwriting-

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Research has shown
that just 7% of human communication

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is through the actual words.

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93% of what we communicate
with others is non-verbal.

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Bam bam bam!

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93%! Think about that.

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So, it's our tone of voice, pitch,
posture, microexpressions on our face.

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Different gestures that we might use.

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We put all the significance
on 7% for words.

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We shouldn't be doing that.

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Beyond the words,

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life's a fascinating world
of non-verbal communication.

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The secret world of body language.

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We're about to watch
our wannabe world leaders.

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Our sport stars.
-Good morning.

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We'll revisit famous figures
from recent history.

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-Did you kill our president?
-No.

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Because people have got to know
whether or not their president's a crook.

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I'm not a crook.

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I've earned everything I've got.

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We'll view our celebrities
with fresh eyes.

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We're going to show
how people in the public eye

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try to control the way
we perceive them.

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And how sometimes,
despite their best efforts,

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the truth leaks out.

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Whomever it might be,

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if the truth is told,
then my name will be cleared.

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And I can move on with my life.

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If you know what to look for.

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It's not what you're seeing,
it's what you're not seeing.

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You're not seeing an angered response.

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We're going to equip you

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with the tools to read
those body language giveaways.

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You're getting a head and peek

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into the world
of "what's really going on there. "

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When you can read body language,

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every moment you spend with others,
you can make it valuable.

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And if you're in business,
you can make it profitable.

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Body language is crucial.

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For those who study
non-verbal communication,

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one of the first indicators
they look out for

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is the way someone's body moves.

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At this Camp David summit,

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President Bush is the host to visiting
Russian President Vladimir Putin.

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Vladimir Putin knows the world
is watching him on American soil.

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And he also knows
that his people are watching.

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So he must show strength.

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Here, though, both leaders are making
a strong body language statement.

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Here we are,
two powerful world leaders,

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in a sort of striding contest.

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Because, of course,
the fastest you stride,

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the more strong,
powerful, and fit you are.

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It's not just the speed of walking
that sends out messages.

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Vladimir Putin and George Bush
are fantastically powerful men.

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Have two completely
different types of power.

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And it evidences itself
through body language.

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I thank you all for coming.

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Vladimir Putin has what I would call
"a very animal power. "

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A strong man power.

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And he walks by having his shoulders
boucing back and forth.

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He walks, he also makes gestures.
He's very active.

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I would almost call it
a kind of sexy power.

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George Bush, on the other hand,
has a more traditional American power.

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There's very little movement
above the shoulders.

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He's trying to look
like he's controled.

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There's no extra wasted energy.

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I thank you all for coming.

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Perceiving the body language message
of these two powerful presidents

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is straightforward.

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But body language is often complex
and easily misunderstood.

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Here, President Clinton
leads Israeli and Palestinian leaders,

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Ehud Barak and Yasser Arafat,
out before the press

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during peace negociations.

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It's all smiles for the cameras.

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But behind the facade of bon ami,
there's a power struggle going on.

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Clinton explains that none of them
will take any questions.

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We pledged to each other
we would answer no questions.

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Offer no comments.
So I have to set a good example.

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The body language
then revealed just why that was.

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Almost a physical fight.

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Many viewed this apparently
light-hearted tussle as a sign

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that Arafat and Barak
were getting on well.

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Think again.

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There is a great meaning behind
who goes through the door first.

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Here in the West,
letting someone through the door first

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doesn't really matter;
it's polite, maybe.

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But in the Middle East,
it has a significant cultural impact.

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The host, the power person, says:

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"I'm in control,
I'll help you through the door. "

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"I'll show you the way. "

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Throw in the fear and tension present
in most Middle East negociations

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and suddely, the desire of both Arafat
and Barak not to go through that door

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before the other
starts to make sense.

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This is a classic example,
in an extreme way,

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of how the last man through the door
is the winner.

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Barak reaches for Yasser Arafat.

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Arafat grabs his arm, moves around
and starts waggling his finger at Barak

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who then uses it as opportunity
to move around to actually be behind.

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Then grabs Arafat, holds him by the arm
and shoves him through the door.

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You've got fear and power struggle

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showing in big bold
body language movements.

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Arafat and Barak are not the only ones

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to appreciate the significance
of "the last man through the door move. "

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Even when friends and allies meet,
subtle cues reveal who's talked of.

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2003.

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British Prime Minister Tony Blair
plays host to President Bush.

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In this particular example
we're looking at, 10 Downing Street,

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and one would expect Tony Blair
to be very territorial.

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It's his territory,
he should be host.

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He should be in charge, and the boss
in terms of who goes through the door.

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And yet,
Tony Blair, the Prime Minister,

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accepts that the seniority
and place here is the President's.

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So President Bush says:
"Photos are over".

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Gives him a little nod.

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And so they start going in.

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The President's in charge
of the choreography.

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He goes through the door last,
used his left hand

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and taps Blair forward,
not shoving Blair through the door.

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But helping him through the door,
meaning Bush is in charge.

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As they go in,
the President being in charge

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and wanting to be clear
that he's in charge,

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not only displays the ownership symbol
of putting his hand on Blair's back

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but then he displays
a further bit of dominance.

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He gives him three little taps,

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just to let him know
that actually he's a good little boy.

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And that George W. Bush is boss.

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A pat on the back
is one way to demonstrate power.

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Getting the upper hand is another.

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Quite literally.

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When body language savvy
world leaders get together,

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they know there's one sure moment
to demonstrate dominance.

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The handshake photo op.

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If you're looking
at the left of the picture,

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they always want to be standing
on the left of the picture.

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Let me demonstrate.

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If I'm shaking hands here,
what's gonna happen?

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I'm at the bottom of the handshake,
my palm is facing up.

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That's a very vulnerable position.

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If I'm shaking hands here,
and I've got my arm around the person,

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I'm shaking hands,
who's got the upper hand?

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I've got the upper hand.

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If someone's coming in
to shake your hand like this,

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here's a nice solid handshake.
It should be straight and firm.

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If it's not-

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Janine Driver teaches
body language evening classes.

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She believes the visual impact
of important handshakes

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was first appreciated in 1970.

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When Elvis Presley famously
paid a visit to President Nixon,

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at the White House.

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We see pictures of Nixon
shaking hands with Elvis Presley.

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Nixon's got the upper hand.
That's where the expression comes from.

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I've got the upper hand here.

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Now that people know
about this in politics,

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you see them jolting for position
when it comes time to take a picture.

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At this summit in 2006
hosted by Vladimir Putin,

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the Russian leader
was on full handshake alert.

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He strategically
placed himself in a position

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where they're coming forward,
he's gonna get the dominant position.

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They're coming out of cars this way,
coming up to him, cameras are here.

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Every single picture,
who gets the upper hand?

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Putin.

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Then up strides Tony Blair.

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We see that Tony Blair is going
to grab on to Vladimir Putin's hand.

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The classing thing
of grabbing somebody by the elbow

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to show who is actually the leader.

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Score 1 for Blair.

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Next, it's President Bush's turn.

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George Bush, on the other hand,

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then comes in and realizes
he's on the wrong side of the photo.

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Morning.

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So when he reaches in to grab,
he immediately crowds Putin.

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Instead of just grabbing
and letting Putin grab his arm,

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George Bush puts his shoulder
against Putin's so that Putin's left arm

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is no way in a position
to grab hold of Bush's right arm.

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Then as soon as Bush turns out,
he immediately goes for a little tap.

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And stir on Putin's back
to actually give him a push.

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And Putin,
making sure not to be outdone,

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puts his right arm up
and give Bush a little tap as well.

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We'll call that a draw.

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Even seated,

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the bodies of world leaders
can speak volumes.

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Here's a master class from FDR.

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With President Roosevelt presiding,
the historic conference began.

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February 1945.

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Franklin D. Roosevelt,
Joseph Stalin and Winston Churchill

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famously meet at the Yalta conference.

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The "Big Three",
surrounded by the chiefs of staff,

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with their staffs and civilian officials

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posed for the cameras
in the patio of Livadia palace.

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The Allies had worked together
for three years.

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But now,
with the end of the war in sight,

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Roosevelt knew all that
was set to change.

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We see three powerful men
all wanting to dominate.

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Visually,

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Roosevelt's in the center.

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The central figure always appears
to us to be the most important.

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Even when he's talking to Stalin,
he turns the other way.

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And Stalin leans in.

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Stalin is actually,
if you like, following Roosevelt.

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Roosevelt is the real leader
of the two.

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Meanwhile,
Churchill's body language

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is conveying
Britain's diminishing status.

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It doesn't look as though Churchill
is a full and equal participant.

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Not only is his posture hunched up,
but Roosevelt barely ever talks to him.

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And Stalin doesn't really meet him,
except to shake his hand.

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Churchill has both elbows out.

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But the top is that
he's holding his hat in his lap

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to cover up his private parts.

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Which feel kind of honorable
in this situation.

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You can see how each of these men
are master in their own country.

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How they interact with one another,

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what their relationship is
in the world stage.

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Ladies and gentlemen,
the President of the United States.

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A politician's body language
can easily give them away.

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Especially when he's under pressure.

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Ladies and gentlemen,
I welcome this opportunity tonight

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to meet with the managing editor
of the nation's newspapers.

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It's the night of November 13, 1973.

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Watergate is at high tide.

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President Nixon holds a live
televised question and answer session

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with the nation's newspaper editors.

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His body language says it all.

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Nixon knew it was not going
to be an easy evening.

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-Mr. Quinn.
-Mr. President,

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this morning, governor asked you
at Florida addressed this group-

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Stop.

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Right there we see Nixons standing
with his hands behind his back,

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which gives the indication
that he has nothing to hide,

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he's got this open front.

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However, he is holding his wrist
like this behind his back,

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and he's touching himself like this.

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Its called the self-touch gesture.

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He's basically saying: "OK.
Here we go. I can get through this."

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His words are combative,
but his body language betrays anxiety.

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As far as money is concerned,

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how was it possible for you
to have this kind of investment

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when all you earned
was 800,000 dollars as President?

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I should point out I wasnt a pauper
when I became president.

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I wasnt very rich as Presidents goal.

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You can see in his body
as he is trying to defend himself

00:14:56.879 --> 00:15:00.363
against the sensory the press called
that he's acting like a pack of wolves.

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He is holding himself away
from that podium

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like he is going
to be attacked from it.

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In this case,

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Nixon is trying to protect himself
from some searching questions.

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That I welcome
this kind of examination.

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Because people have got to know
if their presidents a crook.

00:15:17.713 --> 00:15:23.172
I'm not a crook.
I've earned everything Ive got.

00:15:23.172 --> 00:15:27.649
He says "I am not a crook,"
and immediately goes into retreat.

00:15:27.649 --> 00:15:30.423
His body backs away.

00:15:30.423 --> 00:15:33.062
Really clear tell.

00:15:33.062 --> 00:15:34.562
When somebody makes a statement,

00:15:34.562 --> 00:15:37.380
a definitive statement,
and immediately retreats,

00:15:37.380 --> 00:15:39.430
we know they don't think
they've told the truth,

00:15:39.430 --> 00:15:41.646
they know they didn't tell the truth,
They were escaping that lie.

00:15:42.353 --> 00:15:47.285
Nixon also suddenly crosses his arms.

00:15:47.285 --> 00:15:52.491
He goes immediately from that,
quick arm cross to protect himself.

00:15:52.491 --> 00:15:53.931
Oh, my God!

00:15:53.931 --> 00:15:55.100
I just said something!

00:15:55.100 --> 00:16:00.054
And also did the best of my ability.

00:16:00.054 --> 00:16:02.307
Right there, shaking his head no.

00:16:02.307 --> 00:16:04.401
Time and again,
throughout this exchange,

00:16:04.401 --> 00:16:09.718
Nixon displays
tellingly defensive body language.

00:16:09.718 --> 00:16:11.139
Stop. Look at this.

00:16:12.108 --> 00:16:16.019
Everyone's body language is different.

00:16:16.019 --> 00:16:19.415
Each person has its own quirks.

00:16:19.431 --> 00:16:22.368
To unlock the secrets
of body language,

00:16:22.475 --> 00:16:24.885
the experts rely on
an analytical process

00:16:24.885 --> 00:16:31.845
they call "norming".

00:16:31.845 --> 00:16:35.258
When it comes
to deciphering body language,

00:16:35.258 --> 00:16:37.879
norming is crucial.

00:16:37.879 --> 00:16:40.069
Reading body language,

00:16:40.069 --> 00:16:42.208
you're looking for what's normal
for that situation.

00:16:42.208 --> 00:16:46.480
And you're looking for what's normal
for that particular person.

00:16:46.480 --> 00:16:50.358
Using the 24/7 coverage
of politicians and celebrities,

00:16:50.358 --> 00:16:54.402
the experts construct a template
of what's normal for that person.

00:16:54.402 --> 00:16:56.255
See what they do
when they're under no pressure.

00:16:56.255 --> 00:16:58.293
See what the person
in front of you is doing

00:16:58.293 --> 00:17:00.731
when you're asking them
regular questions about life.

00:17:00.731 --> 00:17:02.978
Then you have a norm.

00:17:02.978 --> 00:17:05.601
But even without the chance
to get this norm,

00:17:05.601 --> 00:17:09.891
experts can still read
someone's body language with accuracy.

00:17:09.891 --> 00:17:12.198
If you don't know
what's normal for that person,

00:17:12.198 --> 00:17:14.146
you go back to the context again

00:17:14.146 --> 00:17:17.334
and say: "What would be normal
in that situation?"

00:17:17.334 --> 00:17:21.499
If I am asked to look
at a suspect in a crime,

00:17:21.499 --> 00:17:23.721
I'm thinking
"What would be a normal response

00:17:23.721 --> 00:17:25.817
for a husband whose wife is missing?

00:17:25.817 --> 00:17:30.157
"What would be a normal response
for parents if their children are missing?"

00:17:30.157 --> 00:17:33.273
And how far from normal
is this behaviour?

00:17:33.273 --> 00:17:36.525
When someone's body language
departs from the norm,

00:17:36.525 --> 00:17:47.053
it can often be a sign
that all is not well.

00:17:47.053 --> 00:17:50.084
Britney Spears makes a perfect
body language case study

00:17:50.084 --> 00:17:56.213
because of her love-hate relationship
with living in the public eye.

00:17:56.213 --> 00:17:58.616
Spears was in the hate mode here.

00:17:58.616 --> 00:18:01.248
In terms of how we protect ourselves
when we're in trouble,

00:18:01.248 --> 00:18:03.701
the first thing you have to do
if you're a celebrity

00:18:03.701 --> 00:18:05.670
is to cover your eyes.

00:18:05.670 --> 00:18:08.336
If people can see your eyes,
they can see your soul.

00:18:08.336 --> 00:18:11.032
So she puts on dark glasses
whether it's night or day.

00:18:11.032 --> 00:18:13.627
Irrelevant. The dark glasses go on.

00:18:13.627 --> 00:18:23.470
These signs of distress are in contrast
to the Britney of earlier times.

00:18:23.470 --> 00:18:28.652
Everything was spontaneous,
relaxed and "look at me. "

00:18:46.246 --> 00:18:47.344
Now, she's messed up.

00:18:47.360 --> 00:18:53.537
And her body language shows
that lack of control over herself.

00:18:53.537 --> 00:18:53.538
Her body language is very defensive
whereas it used to be welcoming.

00:18:57.338 --> 00:18:59.931
She's closing down
and looking panicky

00:18:59.931 --> 00:19:04.448
whereas she used to be
absolutely adoring the limelight.

00:19:04.448 --> 00:19:06.580
Under this kind of intense scrutiny,

00:19:07.056 --> 00:19:09.286
a celebrity's body language
needs a helping hand.

00:19:09.286 --> 00:19:12.661
We can only guess it was
sort of coaching or advice

00:19:12.661 --> 00:19:14.926
that someone in her position is getting.

00:19:15.126 --> 00:19:18.751
I'm sure
she's being advised all the time.

00:19:18.751 --> 00:19:21.117
She's not alone.

00:19:21.117 --> 00:19:23.033
Take Paris Hilton.

00:19:23.033 --> 00:19:25.340
She rarely has a night in.

00:19:25.432 --> 00:19:35.851
So how would she behave
on a night out... of jail?

00:19:35.851 --> 00:19:38.368
When Paris Hilton
is released from jail,

00:19:38.368 --> 00:19:44.264
as she emerges into the night,
she knows the world is watching.

00:19:44.264 --> 00:19:46.846
She knows or has been told
that she's got to demonstrate

00:19:46.846 --> 00:19:48.795
that she's learned her lesson.

00:19:48.795 --> 00:19:51.105
After all,
she's actually been to jail.

00:19:51.105 --> 00:19:53.512
So she can't come out
and be her normal playful self

00:19:53.512 --> 00:19:55.595
and jump on a table
and start lapdancing.

00:19:55.595 --> 00:19:59.385
Because this moment
doesn't warrant such behaviour.

00:19:59.385 --> 00:20:02.108
Her body language has been
carefully planned in advance.

00:20:03.769 --> 00:20:03.769
As she walks along,
she straightens herself up a little

00:20:03.769 --> 00:20:06.936
because she knows she's on.

00:20:06.936 --> 00:20:09.368
She does an very unusual gesture.

00:20:09.368 --> 00:20:11.318
A little kind of prim pose
where she gets her hands,

00:20:11.379 --> 00:20:13.547
crosses her fingers
that she holds in front of herself,

00:20:13.547 --> 00:20:14.350
like a very good girl.

00:20:14.350 --> 00:20:22.390
I've never seen her do that gesture
in any other situation.

00:20:22.390 --> 00:20:25.412
In the same way
some people arrive fashionably late,

00:20:25.412 --> 00:20:29.394
she's leaving prison
fashionably punished.

00:20:29.394 --> 00:20:33.102
Paris Hilton's
calculated little girl performance

00:20:33.102 --> 00:20:35.983
was her way of dealing
with the inevitable media frenzy

00:20:35.983 --> 00:20:40.572
surrounding her release from jail.

00:20:40.572 --> 00:20:44.970
Politicians, like celebrities,
are always in the media spotlight.

00:20:44.970 --> 00:20:46.939
But one world leader has a unique way

00:20:46.939 --> 00:20:50.305
of using body language
to slide through any situation,

00:20:50.305 --> 00:20:52.555
however embarrassing:

00:20:52.555 --> 00:21:03.885
George W. Bush.

00:21:03.885 --> 00:21:07.108
The thing about Bush, no matter
if he says something wrong

00:21:07.108 --> 00:21:10.106
or does some silly mistake...

00:21:10.152 --> 00:21:16.534
What happens with him
is he gets like a kid.

00:21:22.718 --> 00:21:26.106
He becomes this little kid, like,
"I made a mistake. "

00:21:26.106 --> 00:21:28.202
He does a full-shoulder shrug,

00:21:28.202 --> 00:21:31.348
look you in the eye and say
"I tried to get off the store, didn't work".

00:21:31.348 --> 00:21:35.265
I tried to escape. It didn't work.

00:21:35.265 --> 00:21:35.269
-It's likeable.
-Thank you all.

00:21:35.269 --> 00:21:43.251
This playful, likeable trait
that if you saw your 5-year-old kid,

00:21:43.251 --> 00:21:46.513
you'd want to pinch his little cheek.
But it's the President of the USA!

00:21:46.513 --> 00:21:53.053
Bush's body language reveals
his resilience to his own mistakes.

00:21:53.067 --> 00:21:53.191
There's an old saying in Tennesse,
I know it's in Texas, maybe in Tennesse,

00:21:54.191 --> 00:22:03.959
that says: "Fool me once, shame on...

00:22:03.959 --> 00:22:08.176
Shame on you.

00:22:08.176 --> 00:22:11.464
The fool can't get fooled again.

00:22:11.464 --> 00:22:15.168
A beautiful example of G. W. Bush
being completely lost

00:22:15.168 --> 00:22:18.441
in the middle of what he's saying.

00:22:18.441 --> 00:22:20.551
He pauses a long time,

00:22:20.551 --> 00:22:23.298
he knows that the next word
is "shame on you. "

00:22:23.298 --> 00:22:26.289
But he knows also
that he's lost the next sentence.

00:22:26.289 --> 00:22:27.986
He has no idea where he's going.

00:22:27.986 --> 00:22:31.461
What you see with his head
is "Fool me once"

00:22:31.461 --> 00:22:33.886
and he bends down like this,

00:22:33.886 --> 00:22:35.260
like they're about
to throw tomatoes at him.

00:22:35.260 --> 00:22:40.843
The fool can't get fooled again.

00:22:40.843 --> 00:22:43.008
"Fool me once, shame on you"
and then he comes up

00:22:43.008 --> 00:22:45.951
and misquotes the who.
"Won't get fooled again. "

00:22:45.951 --> 00:22:48.494
Fool me, can't get fooled again.

00:22:48.494 --> 00:22:51.443
There's this long pause
where he's evaluating

00:22:51.443 --> 00:22:54.403
if he's made
a complete fool of himself.

00:22:54.403 --> 00:22:56.610
And then, he carries on regardless.

00:22:56.610 --> 00:23:03.079
We gotta understand the nature
of the regime we're dealing with.

00:23:03.079 --> 00:23:05.560
Body language matters.

00:23:05.560 --> 00:23:09.116
If you want to be President
of the United States, it's vital.

00:23:09.116 --> 00:23:13.761
The facts are that he has said,
in the last few weeks,

00:23:13.869 --> 00:23:18.007
that he really liked
the ideas of the Republicans

00:23:18.022 --> 00:23:22.053
over the last 10 to 15 years.

00:23:22.254 --> 00:23:22.254
Politicians like Hillary Clinton
and Barack Obama

00:23:22.254 --> 00:23:26.981
know that words
are only part of their message.

00:23:28.918 --> 00:23:37.921
Voters are also influenced
by the image they portray.

00:23:37.921 --> 00:23:37.922
When did it don on politicians
that body language was so powerful?

00:23:44.877 --> 00:23:44.877
It's 1960.

00:23:44.877 --> 00:23:49.554
Vice-president R. Nixon
and Senator J. F. Kennedy

00:23:49.554 --> 00:23:51.999
campaign for the presidency.

00:23:51.999 --> 00:23:52.091
This election will be a turning point

00:23:52.091 --> 00:23:59.612
in the relationship
between politicians and body language.

00:23:59.612 --> 00:24:00.090
It really wasn't until "the Great Debate"
between Nixon and Kennedy

00:24:00.090 --> 00:24:07.933
the first televised debate,

00:24:07.933 --> 00:24:07.934
that candidates began to realize

00:24:10.069 --> 00:24:10.206
they had to focus
on their non-verbal visual image.

00:24:10.206 --> 00:24:17.480
Miss, Senator Kennedy.

00:24:17.480 --> 00:24:17.481
The things that Senator Kennedy said,
many of us can agree with.

00:24:22.048 --> 00:24:25.084
The candidates square up to each other

00:24:25.084 --> 00:24:25.491
in front of a televison audience
of 70 million people.

00:24:25.491 --> 00:24:28.390
Nixon looks far less assured in front
of the cameras than Kennedy.

00:24:28.390 --> 00:24:35.899
Mr. Nixon, would you like
to comment on that statement?

00:24:35.899 --> 00:24:37.775
I have no comment.

00:24:37.775 --> 00:24:40.383
Thank you Mr. Nixon,
that completes the opening...

00:24:40.383 --> 00:24:43.181
Nixon had just come out
of the hospital

00:24:43.181 --> 00:24:44.884
after receiving treatment
for an injured knee.

00:24:44.884 --> 00:24:48.304
And then refused make-up
when he got to the TV studio.

00:24:48.304 --> 00:24:50.550
He was a manly man,
he didn't want make-up.

00:24:50.550 --> 00:24:54.050
Kennedy said: "Put the make-up on. "
He was already attractive.

00:24:54.050 --> 00:24:57.837
Nixon sweated under the lights.

00:24:57.837 --> 00:25:05.038
He compared unfavorably
with the tanned and fit-looking Kennedy.

00:25:05.038 --> 00:25:07.845
In the polls after that debate,

00:25:07.845 --> 00:25:12.484
Nixon to the radio audience
that had only heard him

00:25:12.484 --> 00:25:14.577
won by a landslide.

00:25:14.577 --> 00:25:18.829
But the polls of the audience
that saw the debate,

00:25:18.829 --> 00:25:21.864
Kennedy won by a landslide.

00:25:21.864 --> 00:25:23.617
All of a sudden,

00:25:23.617 --> 00:25:28.493
politicians realized they had
to be aware of their visual image.

00:25:28.493 --> 00:25:30.200
Nearly 50 years later,

00:25:30.200 --> 00:25:35.210
today's presidential hopefuls
receive saturation media coverage.

00:25:35.210 --> 00:25:37.922
Voters observe their every move.

00:25:37.922 --> 00:25:39.492
Under such scrutiny,

00:25:39.492 --> 00:25:43.237
managing their image
is a job for the professionals.

00:25:43.237 --> 00:25:47.501
The whole thing is a game
of image versus objectives.

00:25:47.501 --> 00:25:50.901
Your objective is to win the vote.

00:25:50.901 --> 00:25:54.285
Body language is of course
an important part of that image.

00:25:54.285 --> 00:25:57.226
Which is why
many politicans employ coaches.

00:25:57.226 --> 00:25:59.981
Like Mark Jeffries.

00:25:59.981 --> 00:26:01.681
Very often,
when working with a politician,

00:26:01.681 --> 00:26:04.540
someone who is trying
to shape an image,

00:26:04.540 --> 00:26:06.469
you will ask that politician:
"Who do you admire in the public eye?"

00:26:06.469 --> 00:26:13.299
If it's a man, typically it'll be
someone like George Clooney.

00:26:13.299 --> 00:26:15.809
Because he's someone
who embodies style, charm, charisma.

00:26:15.809 --> 00:26:21.357
And yet isn't extremely young
so he's kind of an ideal model.

00:26:21.357 --> 00:26:24.522
The very training actors
like Clooney undergo

00:26:24.522 --> 00:26:28.144
usually leads to
good body language in public.

00:26:28.144 --> 00:26:31.983
That puts them way ahead
of politicians who have to be told

00:26:31.983 --> 00:26:35.687
how to walk, where to look,
how to smile even.

00:26:35.687 --> 00:26:46.102
Is it possible to detect signs of
body language coaching in a politician?

00:26:46.102 --> 00:26:47.658
This is Hillary Clinton.

00:26:47.658 --> 00:26:50.750
I want to thank you for letting me
speak with you about an issue...

00:26:50.750 --> 00:26:56.673
Here is Hillary Clinton,
back in 1993.

00:26:56.673 --> 00:27:01.814
The overall body language here
is soft, soft, feminine.

00:27:01.814 --> 00:27:06.750
"I'm not the President.
I'm the President's wife."

00:27:06.750 --> 00:27:06.792
Back then, Hillary's body language
was very understated.

00:27:06.792 --> 00:27:12.438
Stand up, you silly woman.
Alright.

00:27:12.438 --> 00:27:18.718
Okay.

00:27:18.718 --> 00:27:21.784
She comes in, a little hunched over

00:27:21.784 --> 00:27:21.785
because that's what you do
when you feel slightly threatened.

00:27:21.785 --> 00:27:26.877
When you don't feel threatened
and feel very confident,

00:27:26.877 --> 00:27:26.878
you stand up very staight,
you thrust your chest out.

00:27:30.139 --> 00:27:30.220
Fastforward 15 years through Hillary's
journey from First Lady to US Senator,

00:27:30.220 --> 00:27:38.812
to candidate for the democratic
nomination for President.

00:27:38.812 --> 00:27:38.827
How much
has her body language changed?

00:27:38.827 --> 00:27:46.959
It's so interesting and dramatic
of a change from earlier Hillary

00:27:46.959 --> 00:27:46.960
to "Hillary light"; there's been this
transformation of her body language,

00:27:51.656 --> 00:27:51.727
how she's approaching people.

00:27:51.727 --> 00:27:55.293
Now together,

00:27:55.293 --> 00:27:55.334
let's give America the kind of comeback
the New Hampshire has given me.

00:27:55.334 --> 00:28:03.661
What she does now

00:28:03.661 --> 00:28:06.147
is she embraces the applause,
she goes up to it.

00:28:06.147 --> 00:28:06.174
She almost wants to hug people
for the noise that they're making.

00:28:06.174 --> 00:28:07.953
For the reaction
that they're giving her.

00:28:07.953 --> 00:28:15.966
What are the coaching giveaways?

00:28:15.966 --> 00:28:15.967
You can tell when somebody is coached
when their gestures don't seem natural.

00:28:21.984 --> 00:28:22.003
When the beat is off slightly.

00:28:22.003 --> 00:28:30.132
When you can tell
"I'm thinking and then I'm showing. "

00:28:30.132 --> 00:28:30.522
Hillary always looks like she thinks
before she shows anything.

00:28:30.522 --> 00:28:37.816
I am not going out there on my own.

00:28:37.816 --> 00:28:37.902
Mark Jeffries also detects signs
of coaching in the new improved Hillary.

00:28:37.902 --> 00:28:49.450
...who believe as I do
that this country is worth fighting for.

00:28:49.450 --> 00:28:51.667
When you coach your politician,

00:28:51.667 --> 00:28:54.921
you have to create the illusion
that they're loved by many.

00:28:54.921 --> 00:28:57.767
Even when you step onto a stage
and the audience is applauding you,

00:28:57.767 --> 00:29:01.268
you still have to create this image
that there are people out there

00:29:01.268 --> 00:29:04.236
who you know personally,
people you're thrilled to see.

00:29:04.236 --> 00:29:06.845
What you do
is you point to the audience.

00:29:06.845 --> 00:29:09.250
As many times as
you can use your finger.

00:29:09.250 --> 00:29:12.451
"Thanks for coming. " Of course,
there's no one there that they know.

00:29:12.451 --> 00:29:15.996
And if you are in the audience,

00:29:15.996 --> 00:29:17.559
you're looking at her going
"She's pointing at me. "

00:29:17.559 --> 00:29:19.732
"Is there somebody else?"

00:29:19.732 --> 00:29:21.250
The whole thing is a game,
and a brilliant one.

00:29:21.250 --> 00:29:25.947
Because when you watch it on TV,
you go: "She knows so many people!"

00:29:25.947 --> 00:29:30.404
Politicians now know they must
pay attention to the 93% of communication

00:29:30.404 --> 00:29:33.999
that's non-verbal.

00:29:33.999 --> 00:29:37.760
But what role does body language
have in everyday life?

00:29:37.760 --> 00:29:41.356
Does good body language
help close a deal?

00:29:41.356 --> 99:59:59.999
To find out, we hired two women
to pose as new car customers.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Our pretend customers Jackie and Kacy,
are rigged with hidden cameras

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
so our experts can watch
the car salesman in action.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
First stop is a BMW showroom,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
where they're greeted by Cory,
one of the salesman.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Look at the fixing the tie,
doing some cleaning.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Must have saw
that there are two cute girls waiting.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He's fixing things up.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
-Hi, I'm Jackie, nice to meet you.
-Nice to meet you too.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
-Hi, I'm Kacy.
-Hi, Kacy.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I wanted to come and take a look
at something in the 3 series

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
if you have some available.
-Certainly.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Kind of quick on the handshake
but he was smiling, genuine.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Look at how he approaches.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The salesman approaches the two women,
he's got a giant smile,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
which is what he needs to have.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He's also got his head
slightly forward,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
which is very important
for displaying submissiveness.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Very useful for a salesman.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Salesman Cory has started off well.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Looks like he put a winter coat on,
and an umbrella.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He's gonna take the girls outside.
He wants to make a sale.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And it looks like he's going
to give Jackie and Kacy a test drive.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I'm looking more at the sedan,
I think.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I'm not looking for anything
particularly fast necessarily.?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
This is the big moment. Thank you.
-Here's the key.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Look at him messing around.
This guy's on his A-game.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Great posture, he had a little jump
to step in going to the car.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And off they go.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I believe this salesman's body language
is near perfect throughout.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Cory gets high marks
from our experts.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But were our customers impressed
by his performance?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
What did you think
of Cory's first impression?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I thought he was very friendly,
easy to talk to, down to earth.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
His body language would've helped
or hurt an actual sale with you guys?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Personally, I think it'd have helped.
-It'd have helped.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
His body language in
with his personality.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The following morning,
they go to a Toyota dealership.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
This time,
there'll be an extra hidden camera

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
rigged inside the frame
of Jackie's sunglasses.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
-This is Jackie.
-Hi, Jackie.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
-It's Jerry.
-Nice to meet you.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
How will salesman Jerry
compare with Cory?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
In this position where we see Jerry,
see what he's doing with his thumbs?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He's rubbing his hands,
that's called the self-touch gesture.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Jerry's self-touch gesture is similar
to Richard Nixon's hand rubbing

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
during the Watergate investigations.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
This is a comfort gesture,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
it means that he's feeling
in some way uncomfortable.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Body language
can't be considered in isolation.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It's usually an amplifier
to what you're already saying.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He's moving calmly, he's assuring
but he's not assuring to them.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He's essentially assuring himself.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Both cars come with a built-in remote.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Here's the problem.
He's looking down.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He did not connect with eye contact
with the women.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Here, there's a disconnect.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
By standing up, you're saying:
"I"m more important than you. "

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He should be down,
crouched on his knees a little bit.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Inside the car, Jerry's showing off
the various features.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But is his body language helping
to persuade a potential customer?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
-Oh, my God.
-That is very nice.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
People buy not based on the product.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
They don't even buy based
on the data about the product.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Ultimately, they buy based on how
the feel about the salesman.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
So how do Kacy and Jackie
feel about Jerry?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He seemed a little distant to me.
In general.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It got better as it went on in time

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
but there was some distance
throughout the sale.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Comparing their experiences,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
we asked them which salesman
would be more likely to sell them a car.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Cory, definitely!
-Definitely, why?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Look at your genuine smiles pop up.
-Because he has a genuine smile!

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He had confidence, sure,
but it wasn't overconfidence.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It was natural. He just had it.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
One of the acknowledged? masters
of body language

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
is former president Bill Clinton.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Bill Clinton is great
at establishing rapport?.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He's one of the all-time best.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
In this televised Town Meeting
in San Diego back in 1993,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Clinton shows off his skills.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
My own belief is
that we do need more jobs.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And that we do need jobs tied?
to continuing education and training.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Bill Clinton has
all the classic charismatic factors:

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
likability, power, attractiveness.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
If you look at Germany, Great Britain,
France, all the world-

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He's a powerhouse because he's open.
He's giving us his full front dorsing?.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
"I've nothing to hide.
We're together. We're alike. "

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
That's what rapport is.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Every good speaker,
who speaks formally,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
expresses from the heart.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Clinton expresses from the heart.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Clinton's gestures deliver his message
to an knee-size? audience.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We do not need
to build a bridge to the past,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
we need to build a bridge to the future.
And that is what I commit to you to do.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He gestures on the beat.
Very significant.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Telling whether somebody's
being authentic, honest,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
you want to make sure they're gesturing
just a second before they say it.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
You feel it, you show it
and then you say it.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He's gesturing just before he says it.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The real mark
of a body language master though

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
is how they deal
with a difficult situation.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
My question is:

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
can you name one country that has taxed
and spent itself back into prosperity?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
-President?
-The answer to your question-

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
You can see staight away that he is
not happy with that question at all.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He betrays very quickly
and for a very short period of time

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
the fact that
he does not have an answer.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He does the mouth pulling.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The answer to your question
is I can't.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But you can't fairly
characterize my program.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I have cut more spending
than my predecessors did.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He's very quick.
He instantly regains his composure.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
That's one of the things with him,
he has this power to regain composure.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Like Bill Clinton,
Tony Blair has a reputation

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
for composure in public.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But it didn't always come naturally.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Blair, his wife Cherie? and children
are posing for the cameras

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
on the day he first became
British Prime Minister.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Then came the moment
everyone was waiting for.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
You're told as a political couple
you must show a bit of love

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
from time to time, show the voters
you're real and normal people.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The crowd is applauding,
he puts his arm around Cherie,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
as if he's gonna hug her.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Cherie, remembering her lesson,
decides to go for the kiss.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He then grabs her,
puts his hand right in front of her,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
so that she can't kiss him.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He almost blocks her with his hand,
like "No, not now dear. "

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
She goes and does a little cat thing
on his chest.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It's at that moment when she does that
that he realizes he's missed the boat.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
That actually,
he was supposed to kiss her.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But then, it's too late
'cause everyone's seen the effort

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
and you can hear a little bit
of booing from the crowd

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
then he realizes he's made a mistake
so he kind of kissed her hair.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The whole thing was rather embarrassing.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Rookie politicians aren't the only ones
to give themselves away.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Even the masters can get exposed.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Take this promotional appearance in 2005

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
by actors Angelina Jolie
and the recently-separated Brad Pitt.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Thank you, guys.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
When it came to the premiere
of "Mr. and Mrs. Smith",

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt,
their body language was screaming to me.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
There's more of a story here.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The press
had been full of speculation

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
about whether Pitt and Jolie
were having a secret romance.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Just before they run the film,
Brad Pitt says cute little things,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
and Angelina Jolie
becames like Princess Diana,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
with the whole looking down,
she looks up at Brad Pitt and back down.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
"Take care of me".

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It is a massive flirting technique.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
For me, it was the crucial point

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that said there's something more
to the story here.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We're really excited by it,
we know you're gonna like it.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It's great fun.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Instead of being a chum and a pal,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
why does she have
this little girl flirting thing going on?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Just a few months later,
Pitt and Jolie became an official item.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
President Clinton
had a more serious problem

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
when rumours of his relationship
with Monica Lewinsky

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
began to circulate.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He decided to make
a very public televised denial.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
His words very crystal clear.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I worked till pretty late last night

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
but I wanna say one thing
to the Americans.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Clinton was addressing
both the TV audience

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
and the reporters of the White House.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I did not have sexual relationship
with Miss Lewinsky.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But his normally assured body language
was not conveying a reassuring message.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
These allegations are false.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And I need to go back to work
for the American people. Thank you.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
To show your integrity,
your face, head, gestures and body

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
need to be in alignment. In this case,
he's gesturing in one direction,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
and looking in another direction.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
So he's pointing here
but looking here.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
That's a disconnect.
It doesn't make sense.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Why is there an incongruence?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It should be:
"America, I wanna tell you something".

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Now, look again at the way
the president's head moves.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I never told anybody to lie.
Not a single time. Never.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Never, never, not a single time.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We see the head shaking no

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
but we didn't see the head shaking no

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
when he said he didn't have
sexual relationship with that woman.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Though he's trying
to control his body language,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
the truth was leaking out.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Out on the streets,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
reading body language accurately can be
the difference between life and death.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
On a typical patrol,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
these police officers
are constantly evalutating people

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
based on their gestures
and facial expressions.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
As of right now,
I see one person in the car.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Throughout my time, my career,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
the first thing I look at
is people's eyes.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Because eyes don't lie.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
You could put your hands
in your pocket,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
you can take a seat on a chair,
but your eyes don't lie.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
How to read body language accurately

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
is an important lesson
in police training.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
How you sit, dress, walk
tells me who you are.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Whether you're a wolf, or a sheep.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Former Marine Corps Intelligence Officer
Frank Marsh

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
has an audience
of law-enforcement officials

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
from all over the state of New Jersey.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
In the Western world,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
what happens when a man
gets in your face like this?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We're about to fight!

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
In the Middle East,
this is how they talk.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
They'll even argue like this.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Marines are getting in trouble

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
because these Arabs
would get in front of their face

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
and the Marines would hit them
and down they drop.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And the Arabs
would stand up and go:

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
"Why'd you hit me?"
-Because you got in my face.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
With Americans,
if you get in a male's face,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
it's a challenge to fight.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
So pay attention
to somebody's body language.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Officers Jones and Ruchy
are on a patrol in Mount Vernon,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
north of New York City.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
They pull over a woman
for going through a red light.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
As Ruchy approaches the car,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
he has to be sensitive
to the body language of the driver.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
If she's fidgety,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
and can't give a direct answer
to a question,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
if her hands are moving,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
if she's constantly looking
at her rear-view mirror...

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Officer Ruchy is very comfortable
with this car stop.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Police officers have learned
through bitter experience

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that if they don't keep
their body language antenna tuned,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
things can go terribly wrong.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Former Sergeant in the NYPD
Lou Savelli

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
trains police officers to recognize
key body language indicators.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He uses this video of a 1998 incident
recorded by a dashbord camera

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
to point out the danger in
not being sensitive to body signals.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
What you have here
is a sheriffs deputy in Georgia

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
pulls over a vehicle
for a traffic infraction.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
As he pulls the vehicle over,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
several indicators tell us
that this was gonna be a bad stop.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The sheriffs deputy was alone.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The car is stopped,
and right away he opens his door,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
which tells he's either
gonna attack the officer

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
or hes hiding something
in the vehicle.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He's trying to distance himself
from that vehicle.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Everybody knows
once a police pull you over,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
you're supposed to stay in the car.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Come on back here for me.
Come on back.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The driver gets out of the vehicle,
which is alarm bell number one.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Here, the officer says:
Now, step towards me..

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He hesitates.
Hes not ready to do his thing,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
because he doesnt wanna do
based on what the officer says.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Hes got a plan in his mind.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
More indicators that hes about
to do something to this officer.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Comes out, closes his coat,
which tells hes nervous.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He goes right,
puts his hands into his pockets.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
That tells you that he is either
nervous about what's about to happen,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
hes gonna get aggressive,
or may have something in his pockets.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Keep your hands out of your pockets.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Alarm bell number two:

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
the driver is out of his car,
he's put his hands in his pockets,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
both potentially threatening
body language indicators.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Now the sheriffs deputy
gets out of his patrol car

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
to talk to the driver.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He's dancing around
trying to intimidate the officer,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
show that: Im not listening to you,
you have no authority of me. "

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And right before
he finishes up his dancing routine,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
he claps his hands.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Clapping the hands is one
of the last indicator you see

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
when someone is about to fight.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
They clap the hands
to get the blood flowing,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
then they got to attack,
and thats exactly what he does.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Come here! Sir, get back!

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
A scuffle ensues off camera.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And before the deputy can stop him,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
the pick-up driver
goes back to his vehicle.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He appears
to be searching for something.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I repeat my line. Get back here now!

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The driver now has a gun.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Put the gun down!
What I got now the gun. I need help.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The situation gets out of control.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Shots are fired.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And the deputy is killed.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
This horrific incident
is one of many examples

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Savelli uses
for body language training.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Its important to read body language
for a police officer

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
because if you can recognize a threat
that you are in danger,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
you can counteract that threat.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Its the most important thing
to teach police officers.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I believe more important
than self-defense, firearms tactics

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
is that they need to understand
when they are being threatened.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Out on the street, a police officer
can use often subtle body language

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
or tells to pick up on possible
guilty or criminal behavior.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
There's various ways
that people try to hide a gun.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
One of the most common is blading.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
They notice an officer on one side,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
they'll blade their body
real quick this way.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Keep the bolter on this side
away from the view of the officers.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Another way of concealing a weapon

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
is by billowing your shirt or coat
by pulling down like this.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The weapons arent visible.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
If Im gonna try to grip my gun,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
my thumbs gonna twitch like this
and clears the top of the shirt.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
My hands are gonna go up.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The first thing Im gonna got
is my thumb and a pull-up.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Ill try to rid my weapon.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I know that my thumbs gonna clear
this weapon before I pull it out.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Blading, billowing
and the thumb twitch,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
all potentially threatening signals
for those that can see them.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
For police officers,
there are situations when body language

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
has to be evaluated
in just a fraction of a second.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
When Savelli was a New York cop,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
he worked in Narcotics
with Officer Paul Rossi.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Our team
was making undercover of vice.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We are hitting drug locations,
end up coming to this drug location.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I'd do a buy-and-buster
on the undercover, make a buy.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Then us and part of the field team
would go in and bust the drug dealer.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The drug dealer, on this occasion,
ran for it towards this street corner.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We were up there.
We cant fire around the corner.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Then we cant fire him here.
We saw him run into there.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Saw the back of him from a distance.
And then we just throw in.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We jumped out of the car,
arrived right over here.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Yep, I remember. The drug dealer
was familiar with the neighborhood.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We come out. We fly out the car.
We see him coming around.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He goes in and what he sees Lou is

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The back of his body
goes right through the door.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We come in.
We're face to face with him.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And of course when we come in,
the gun was already at him all this time.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
A man was standing behind the counter
with a gun, pointed straight at them.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Im doing this trying
to hide behind something.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Lous coming up that side.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Both Lou and Paul were about to shoot.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Drop the gun.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
By that time, Lou is up.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Something about the guy
told us he wasnt a danger to us.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The way he was acting, holding the gun,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
the way his body was point,
the way of his eyes.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Although his face was fixed on Paul,
his eyes kept going that way

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
which meant
he wasnt intent on hurting us.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The man behind the shop counter
was a frightened shop clerk.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We hear the gun go hit the floor.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Turns out his eyes
were giving up the guy in the back.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
His body language told us
that guy's back there.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We went to the back room,
caught the guy in the back room hiding.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We got our drug dealer
in the back room.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It all only lasted for a few seconds.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Savelli knows it was his split
second reading of body language

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that stopped him
from shooting the shop clerk.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
More than half of what we communicate
is through the gestures we make

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
and the looks on our face.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Scientists have dissected
the thousands of different expressions

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that appear on the human face.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The secret to understanding
the face correctly

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
is learning how to decode
the expressions that all of us use.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
In the late 1960s,
a pioneering American psychologist,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Dr. Paul Ekman, tried to discover if
there were universal facial expressions

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that crossed all cultural boundaries.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Dr. Paul Ekman
is like the Buddha of body language.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Ekman is so important
because of a study he conducted

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that compare the emotions
in facial expressions of people

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
in Papua New Guinea, and Japan

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
with those of people
in Western countries.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
His team
asked volunteers to make faces

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
corresponding to a particular emotion
and filmed the result.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Ekman found
that there were 7 universal expressions

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
of emotions on the face:

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
happiness,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
sadness,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
anger,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
fear,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
surprise,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
contempt,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
and disgust.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We all have them, doesnt matter
if you are 6, 66 or 106.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Doesnt matter if you are born
in Iran, Japan or the United States.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
They appear pretty much
the same way in our face.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But Ekmans facial research
didnt stop there.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He developed an entire system
of looking at the muscles of the face.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Such as movements that would happen
between this muscle and this muscle

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
so you can get a smile.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He then characterized those
giving us a centering alphabet

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
whereby scientists
could talk to one another

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
and characterize exactly what
facial movements people were making.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The influence
of Ekmans facial expression research

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
can be seen today.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Can we turn off the lights please?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Look happy, sad

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
This is a demonstration
of the face reader.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The very latest and automated
facial recognition technology.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Surprised.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Face reader uses the 7 basic emotions
as established by Paul Ekman,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
and 55 points on human face
to classify those 7 basic emotions.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The face reader
instantly maps the complex interactions

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
of the muscles of the human face.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
These colored graph bars

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
represent the type of emotion
appearing on the face.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Every expression is given a value

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
in terms of the degree of happiness,
sadness, anger and so on.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Technology like this
is being used in all sorts of fields.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Consumer research
how do people react to different foods,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
marketing research
how do people react to ads.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Today, facial recognition systems

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
are being installed in airports
to refine security checks.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The face communicates so much more
than just the 7 universal emotions.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Ekman identified more
than 3,000 different facial expressions

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that convey a meaning
that most of us will react to,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
both consciously and unconsciously.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Todays politicians

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
are acutely aware of the importance
of non-verbal communication.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
They employ coaches
to hone their gestures.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But new research
suggests they would do well

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
to pay more attention
to the expressions on their face.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I will be our partys nominee
for President in the United States.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Thank you.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Every presidential candidate
has to try to win our trust.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
They need us to believe
they're competent for the job

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
before we're willing to vote for them.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
You and I together,
we will change this country

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But how do we decide
whether they're competent or not?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We asked Georgetown University

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
to rerun a revealing experiment
conducted at Princeton in 2005.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Student volunteers
make instant decisions

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
between pairs of faces
appearing on the screen.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The students task is to decide
in sometimes less than half a second

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
which of the two people
is the more competent.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It seems that we are
so sensitive to facial expressions

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that we are comfortable
making snap judgments like this.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Even when the students
have several seconds to choose,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
they dont alter
their initial decision.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
What they dont know
is that the photographs

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
are of candidates
who were running for the Senate,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
the House and Governor
in 2002 and 2004.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
What kinds of expressions
communicate competence?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I'd say a genuine smile.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Anytime there is a nice smile.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
If there was no smile,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
maybe I didnt think
they were as competent.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
What other expressions
influence the students?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I wanted someone
that had a genuine look.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Eye contact.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Looks you in the eye.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I think I tend to pick
the ones had more stoic face.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
An interesting pattern
emerged in the students' choices.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
As in the original Princeton experiment,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
more than 70% of the faces
they chose as more competent

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
turned out to be the people
who were actually elected for office.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
This suggets that come election day,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
the expression on a politician's face
is an important factor in our choice.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We're hardwired to understand
3,000 different facial expressions.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But there's even more information
to be gleaned from the human face.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
If you've got the skill.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It takes a keen eye to spot
what's known as "a microexpression".

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Microexpressions are the expressions
that come out quickly

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
from your emotional state before
you have time to think about them.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
You might be in the middle
of saying something happy

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
and then your face would suddenly
form itself into a very sad face.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But just for half a second.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And then your face
would resume its happiness.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
These are quite rare
but when you see them,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
it shows that the person
is actually trying to hide something.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
During his campaing for governor,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Arnold Schwarzenegger
gave this speech at a rally.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
What I want to say to you is
yes, I have behaved badly sometimes.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He was responding to allegations
of sexual misconduct.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But are his regretful words
backed up by his facial expressions?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I like to watch
something like this frame by frame

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
so I can see those microexpressions.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And I have done things
I thought then were playful.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But now, I recognize...

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Here, we have this look of rage.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
A snarl that comes across his face
instantaneously, fraction of a second.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Microexpressions
can be a 20 fifth of a second.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
That shows he is angry
about having to make this apology,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
at being attacked in this way.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
View it again in slow motion.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The microexpression can be isolated.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
As Schwarzenegger opens his mouth,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
his nose muscles flare upwards
into a momentary snarl.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But it seems the voters
didn't spot this body language giveaway.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Three days later,
he was elected Governor of California.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
People who are media savvy
sometimes think they can

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
fool the world over our eyes.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But their faces
can still give them away.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
In 2004,
track-and-field star Marion Jones

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
held a press conference
following allegations

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that she had been taking
performance-enhancing drugs.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
First of all,
I'd like to thank everybody

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
for coming out today
on such short notice.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
She was being investigated

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
by the United States'
Anti-Doping Agency, USADA.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
To begin, I wanted the world
to have an opportunity to hear from me.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
JJ Newberry runs the Institute
of Analytic Interviewing in California.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He trains people
to identify the telltale signs

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
in a persons face
that indicate they could be lying.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
...So that you can get
a good idea of how I am feeling

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
She's saying she wants us
to know how shes feeling,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
so Im gonna look to see if
shes gonna express how shes feeling.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
That in the end the truth'll prevail
and my name will be cleared.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
However,
the events of the last several weeks

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
have led me more in sadness
than in anger.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Have led me more in sadness
than in anger...

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
but she doesnt show sadness
and she doesnt show anger.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Ill ask you what is missing
from this whole tape?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
If somebody accuses you
of something you didnt do,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
would you be mad,
or would you be sad?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Id be mad at them!

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And I have done all I can do
to provide USADA

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
with information
that I have knowledge of,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
because I believe
in the drug-free sport.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
As Newberry
watches Joness performance,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
he looks for microexpressions that
may conflict with what she was saying

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
and reveal her true emotions.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Her eyebrows go up
almost into the corner.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Eyebrows are up
and coming together in the corner,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
almost like a fear.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Surprise and fear almost together.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Ideally, if she's telling the truth,
we'd like to see the brows come down.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Because she should be angry.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
You're being falsely accused
of something you didn't do,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
the brows should come down.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I have truthfully answered
every question asked of me under oath.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
There shouldn't be fear and surprise.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It might leak out maybe a little bit.
But it's non-stop here.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The fear and surprise is the dominant
emotion leaking out subconsciously.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Fear and surprise
weren't the only emotions

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
leaking from Jones' face.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
If the truth is told,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
then my name will be cleared
and I can move on with my life.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
"The truth can be told,
then I can move on with my life. "

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Then immediately, she creates
this unbelievably sad expression.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
She looks down,
she's got a long face.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Marion Jones' brief flash of sadness
is a classic example

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
of what experts call "a hotspot".

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
These are facial expressions

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that seem to be at odds
with what someone is saying.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Or inconsistent
with how they would be expected

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
to behave in a given situation.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
That's a point where you have
to look for more information.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It could mean a lie
but also many different things.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Do we know that it's guilty
and not something else?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
At the time,
it would've been very hard to tell.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
For Newberry,
the biggest hotspot of all

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
is the absence of
one specific emotion on Jones' face.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It's not what you're seeing,
it's what you're not seeing.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
You're not seeing an angered response.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I'm not going to engage
in USADA's secret kangaroo court.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Jones' words were defiant.
Her face certainly wasn't.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Her body language just didn't go
with what she was saying.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Three years later,
all that had changed.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Here she emerges from court
to face the media again.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Having been found guilty
of lying under oath to federal agents.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It is with a great amound of shame

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that I stand before you,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
and tell you
that I have betrayed your trust.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It moves me now to even talk about it.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
That's what happens
when people are being authentic.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
You are taken to thei level
of pain, anger, fear.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
When she's finally coming clean,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
you see a more relaxed Marion Jones.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And I am responsible fully
for my actions.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
This kind of facial analysis

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
can be applied to anonymous people
catapulted into the media spotlight.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I just can't stress it enough
that we just got to get them home.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
That's just where they belong,
with their mamma and daddy.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Susan Smith's face was all over
national television in late 1994

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
after she claimed her two young sons
had been abducted.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
JJ Newberry saw Smith's
televised appeal for their safe return.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Shortly afterwards,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
she admitted
she had murdered her children.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
That was very obvious to us.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Before she even confessed.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Anybody can look at this after the fact
and come up with all this.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We actually did it before.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Why was Newberry so confident
of Smith's guilt?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
First thing we all notice
is that there was no real tears.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It was a fake cry.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I want to say to my babies

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that your mamma loves you so much.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
This is all connected:
eyes, ears, nose and throat.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
So when you start crying,
the physiology takes over:

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
your sinuses swell up,
your nose starts running

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
you start swallowing
and the tears come out.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
You don't see any of that.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Smith's performance
is peppered with hotspots.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We don't see any stress
in the forehead.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And when she's?,
she's closing her eyes.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
She's thinking
about what she's gonna say.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
About what she did, who knows?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
All I know is there are hotspots.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
A hotspot does not indicate a lie.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It's simply a hotspot,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
an emotional response
that should tell the interviewer:

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
"I have to delve further into
this aspect of what she's saying".

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
There is not one minute
that passes by

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that I'm not thinking
about these boys.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Now take a look at the face
of Smith's husband, David,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
during the same press conference.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We ask

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that you continue to pray

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
for me and my wife
and for our family.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But most of all, that you continue
to pray for Michael and Alex.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Where she's faking it for the cameras,
his face tells a different story.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
You do not have to be
a body language expert

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
to look at someone
and as they're experiencing emotions,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
to feel it.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
His emotions and facial expressions
are more consistent than his wife's.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Susan Smith
has no activity on her forehead.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The husband, his brow is down,
very engaged in stress.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
His jaw... he's very stressed.
This is an emotional person.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He does have concerns, feelings.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He's showing this emotion.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The evidence was right there.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We just had to open our eyes
and look at the body language.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Body language is about the gestures
we're all familiar with.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And the fleeting facial expressions
that often escape our notice.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Together, they make up
55% of human communication.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But a crucial 38%
comes from the voice.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
There's its tone and pitch.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We have to choose between
change and more of the same.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Its speed.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We have to choose between
looking backwards and forwards.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And rhythm.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We have to choose
between our future

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
and our past.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Barack Obama's voice
seems very natural.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But most politicians work very hard

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
to achieve a sound
that impresses the voters.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Body language and voice tone

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
have a profound effect
on how well you communicate.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Normally,
as people rise up the runs?,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
the more noticeable they are,
the more likely they'll have coaching.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
By the end,
most politicians at the very top

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
will have thought about body language
and especially their voice tone.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
How did their voice is,
and how modulated and slow it is.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I personally think they had ideas
but they were bad ideas.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Bad ideas for America...

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Female politicians

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
have an additional hurdle
to overcome with male voters.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Research shows that a woman's voice

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
effects the emotional part
of a man's brain.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
So we think women are so emotional
when they speak.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
So shame on you, Barack Obama!

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Former British Prime Minister
Margaret Thatcher

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
provides a voice-case study
for British impressionist Steve Nallon.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
This is Thatcher in 1960
when she was a new member of Parliament.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Very much so.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
but speaking in the House of Commons
is a unique experience.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
What's really intersting about Thatcher
is she's young, in her early 30s,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
and for anybody in their early 30s,
you have a younger sounding.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And it really is
very very high up here.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Over the years,
that was brought lower,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
because it doesn't sound as good;
it sounds patronizing.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Very very high.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The higher the pitch,
the more shrill of a waiss?;

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
the less credibility it's given.
It's perceived very negatively.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Our voices often become marginally
lower in tone as we get older.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But Thatcher appears to have
given this process a helping hand.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Fastforward to the year 1983.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
She's just won a second term
as Prime Minister.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I think we should have
to make up our minds

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
about the Cabinet very quickly.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Otherwise,
the press will discuss it all for me.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
She's learned, as a politician,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that that high sound
is not going to help her get elected.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Did I say it?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Even husky,
sexy voice just might appeal.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Evidence can be found though

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that despite
Mrs. Thatcher's suspected coaching,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
her natural voice
would often reassert itself.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I must say I can't stand
those who carp and criticize

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
when they ought to be congratulating
Britain on a magnificient achievement.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
At this stage in her premiership,
although the voice was very low,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
it'd been sort of trained to be low.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Just wait a little more patiently.
After all, not all results are in yet.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
When she gets excited,
those old shrills keep coming back.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I can't stand
those who carp and criticize.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
If you want
to make it as a top politician,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
you need to know how
to deliver a great line.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
If you see liberalization:
come here to this gate!

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Known as "The Great Communicator,"
President Ronald Reagan was reknown

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
for his ability to use his voice
to work a crowd.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Among today's politicians,
Barack Obama stands out

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
for his effect on an audience.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
How does he do it?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Thank you, Iowa.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
They said...

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
They said...

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
They said this day would never come.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Obama has used his voice
to match his body,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
to get gravatass?
and yet a massive response.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The melody within his voice
rouses people.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
They start to join in with the rhythm
of the words as they flow.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
They believe themselves
to be part of it.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It's a great trick of auditory.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
They said
our sights were set too high.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The canes? and the rhythm
are hypnotic.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
So he actually speaks on a beat.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It's a model of a Baptist preachure.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
They said
this country was too divided.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He's got an incredible resonance
for his voice.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
When he says: "They said... ",

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
it's almost as if
there's reburb on the voice.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He builds the voice up,
starts down here, builds up,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
builds up here
and has that long long pause.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And then,
he lets the audience have it.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We are one nation, one people
and our time for change has come.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It's so powerful!

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He doesn't really matter
what he's saying

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
because his voice tells you
what you should be feeling

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
about what he's saying;
the words become irrelevant.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
You might not even remember the words
after he's finished speaking.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But you feel something
really really powerful.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
John McCain
has a very different style.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I didn't need to tell you
what the polls said you wanted to hear.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I didn't tell you
what I knew to be false.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I didn't try to spend you.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
John McCain uses his voice

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
almost in the exact opposite way
that Barack Obama does.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Here, McCain is speaking

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
on the night he won
the 2008 New Hampshire primary.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I just talked to the people
of New Hampshire.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I talked about the country we love.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Number one: he's reading this speech,
his eyes are down for most of the time.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The words are very important to him.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He has a little bit of a nasal voice.
He speaks from up in his head.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And has sort of a little accent:
he squeezes his words together

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
so it sounds like you're talking
to a salesman of some sort.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Or someone who's a technician.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The work that awaits us
in this hour, on our watch...

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He's saying:
"I'm not Mr. Slick Presentor.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I'm not someone who will wow you
with the ryhthm of my voice.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I'm gonna tell you how it is. "

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
McCain's unadorn sound fits needly
with the words of his speeches.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He makes a virtue
of being a straight talker.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I will never surrender!

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Tony Blair is another
consumit? public speaker.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
A master at judging
how to pitch his vocal performance.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I say to the people of this country

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
we run for office as New Labour,
we will govern as New Labour.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But our experts
have identified at least one moment

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
when his performance
was almost too perfect.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It's the morning of August 31, 1997.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Tony Blair has just received the news
of the death of Princess Diana.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
All eyes are on him.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I feel like everyone else
in the country today,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
utterly devastated.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Our thoughts and prayers
are with Princess Diana's family.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Tony Blair,
in this particular piece of footage,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
is fantastically milking the sadness.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Some of it is really sadness
in this feature.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But Diana's death didn't affect him
nearly as much as he's making out.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Normally, he has a very rapid delivery
almost like a machine gunfire.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
When somebody is being real,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
authentically feeling something,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
it isn't very that dramatically
from their normal rate of speech.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Blair's delivery here
seems studiously slow.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
in particular to her sons and boys.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Our hearts go out to them.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
You can hear him off
and taking long breaths in or out.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He's giving a slightly less
powerful voice for sadness.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He's using lots of...

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
pauses.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And you can see him preparing to act.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We are today

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
a nation, in Britain,
in a state of shock.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Then he makes the statement.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
So the voice doesn't sound natural.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
She was the people's princess.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And that's how she will stay,
how she will remain.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
You can see that he also...

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
swallows, really big swallows
for the sadness as well.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Like the other aspects
of body language,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
our voices can be hard to control.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
They can give us away.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Especially when we're under stress.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
This is very personal for me.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
On the eve of the crucial
2008 New Hampshire primary,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Hillary Clinton is asked a question

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that many feel changed the tide
of the primary contests for a while.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
As a woman, I know
it's hard to get out of the house

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
and to get ready and my question is:
how do you do it?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I couldn't do it
if I didn't passionately believe

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
it was the right thing to do.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Then suddenly,
the tone of Hillary's voice changes.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I have so many opportunities
from this country.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I just don't wanna
see this fall backwards.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Many commentators believed

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that this moment
helped swing the vote in her favor.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But was it real of fake emotion
coming out in her voice?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
This is very personnal for me.
It's not just political or public.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I see what's happening.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And we have to reverse it.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And some people think

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
elections are a gain,
it's like who's up or who's down.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It's about our country,
our kids' futures.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It's really about all of us,
together.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
This is a difficult one because
at this time in the campaign,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
she was often being accused
of being a little hard, cold.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It was almost like it was required
that she should prove

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that she's a woman
and maybe show some emotion.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Some people think

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
elections are a gain,
it's like who's up or who's down.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Her voice gets quiet,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
and it even starts
to crack on the word "elections".

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
She starts
to have her voice fall apart.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
If you just listen to her voice,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
you can hear it crack and break up

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
as she's speaking.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
A lot of politicians have practiced
and gotten that down pat.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
In this case,
you can hear it's real.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Others are not so sure.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It's about our country,
our kids' futures.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
If I was being synical,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
and had coached Hillary
to cry at some stage,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that'd be the moment to do it.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Body language works as a package.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Gestures, facial expressions,
and the sound of the voice.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But what if we take away
the visual clues?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
How good are we then at decoding
the secret messages of the human voice?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We devised an experiment
to find out.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
These Georgetown university students
are listening to two audio clips.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
All they know is that both recordings
are of distressed parents

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
talking about their missing children
in front of reporters.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
First, Mark Lansford talking
to reports in Florida in March 2005

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
about the search
for his daughter Jessica.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
She had been missing
for nearly three weeks.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I have confidence
in my sheriff's department.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And I truly believe in my heart
that my daughter is coming home.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I just don't know when.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Sometimes,
it's a little hard to swallow.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But you swallow it and keep searching

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
because that's what
she wants me to do.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Lansford's search
would sadly be in vain.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
A few days later,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
it was discovered that his daughter
had been murdered by a local man.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Next, a recording of Susan Smith
in South Carolina

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
whose two young sons
had allegedly been abducted.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I came to express
how much they are wanted back home.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
This emotional public appeal
occured in November 1994.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Ten days
after the disappearance of her sons.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We love 'em, we miss 'em.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Later that same day,
she would confess to their murder.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
As the students listen,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
their physiological reactions
are being monitored.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Heart rate and the degree of sweating
are both measured.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Deprived of any visual clues,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
what is their impression
of the two recordings?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I felt that the mother
in the second recording

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
sounded really desperate.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
You could hear that she really
wanted her kids to come home.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
For the majority of students,
Smith's voice sounds very convincing.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
How does Lansford compare?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I focus on searching for Jessi
and try to block everything else.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
You could tell
he was also missing his daughter

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
but it wasn't as... engaging.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
He seemed
to be holding it together a lot more

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
until the very end,
and then he cracked a little bit.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
8 out the 10 students failed
to identify anything in Smith's voice

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that would suggest
she had something to hide.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
This shows
that most people find it hard

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
to tell if someone is lying
just from their voice.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But two did detect something
that didn't ring true.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The woman didn't seem
to be talking about her own children

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
but other people's children.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I thought her emotions
seemed a little more forced

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
than the man's. Comparing the two,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I thought the man
was more sincere in his reaction.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The physiological data
from these two students

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
revealed their bodies weren't picking up
on something in Smith's voice.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Now, new technology is trying
to identify the subtle changes

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
that occur in our voices when we lie.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Could this be the key
to detecting deception?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It's now possible

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
to analyze a voice recording
with some scientific precision.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
This recording
is of Lee Harvey Oswald,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
arrested shortly
after President Kennedy was shot.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Lynn Robbins,
CEO of Voice Analysis Technologies,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
is assessing Oswald's voice
with an investigative tool

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
used by over 70 different
law-enforcement and federal agencies.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It's called:
"Layered Voice Analysis", LVA.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The brain communicates
with the human voice box.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It's not something you can control.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
With this technology,
it's difficult to learn how to beat it.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
You would never be able to beat it.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
As we speak
and think about what we're saying,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
our brain is sending messages
to our voice box,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
which constantly varies
the sound our voices produce.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Layered voice analysis
evaluates the several audio variations

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
labels them in different categories
of emotional mental activity.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Such as inaccuracy.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Or probable false.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I pratically know nothing
about this situation.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
As Lee Harvey Oswald speaks,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
the categories
of mental activity identified by LVA

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
are giving number values that appear
on the right hand-side of the screen.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The numbers mean everything:
the higher the number in some values,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
the better the chances they're not
being completely honest with you.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Now watch what happens to the read-out
when Oswald is asked this question:

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Did you kill the President?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
No, I've not been charged with that.
Nobody has said that to me yet.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The first thing I heard about it 
was when the newspaper reporters

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
in the hall...
asked me that question.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
The high numbers appearing
in the category "probable false"

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
suggest that in this instance,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
it's highly likely
that Oswald was lying.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Nobody's told me anything,
except that I'm accused of...

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
of murdering a police man.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I know nothing more than that.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And I do request 
that someone come forward.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
That is a false statement.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
"I know nothing more than that. "
He did know what took place.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It appears that he really knew
what took place

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
because in this whole statement,
there's inaccurate and false.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Obviously, Robbins' analyzing someone
who was in a stressful situation.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Where their voice was more likely
to show signs of lying.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
But can this technology
pick up signs of deception

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
from someone
who is not under any stress?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I am not a fan of this area.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Body language expert Janine Driver
is going to act as a guinea pig

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
and answer a series
of personnal questions from Robbins.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I have two sisters, they have kids.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I lived with Kayleen for a year.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It's all truthfull responses.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Until they get on to the subject
of Janine's choice of college.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
They tell me the further state college
away from Massachussetts

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
it was North Adams.
I didn't care where it was.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It could have been in Virginia.
-You cared where it was!

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
-Did I care?
-Yes, you did care.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
LVA identifies
a false statement from Janine.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Just as with Lee Harvey Oswald.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
A revealing change in the voice
has been identified.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I'd rather be in the mountains
rather than the ocean.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Why is that so stressful?

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
It comes as stressful

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
because I'm terrified of sharks,
I don't go swimming in the ocean.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
screwed me up forever and ever

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
because I won't go
past my ankles in the ocean.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
I even see my body language,
I'm rubbing my hands.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Now, we're getting a stress reading.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And Janine's gesture,
rubbing her hands,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
is confirming that stress in her voice.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
This technology does seem to detect
what we're genuinely feeling.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
We pay so much attention
to the words people speak

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
but 93% of human communication
is delivered through body language.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
When there's a conflict between
the words and the body language,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
always believe the body language.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Read body language accurately

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
and you'll look at the world
through new eyes.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
A celebrity secret exposed
by an unguarded gesture.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
A lier unmasked by her own face.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
A power stuggle played out
beneath a false geniality.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
And when a politican
tries to convince an audience

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
with winning words,
press that record button.

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
Rewind,

99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999
and take another look.