[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.08,0:00:16.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I love mathematics"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.40,0:00:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.16,0:00:21.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is exactly what to say at a party
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.32,0:00:23.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you want to spend\Nthe next couple of hours
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.45,0:00:25.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sipping your drink alone
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.58,0:00:28.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the least cool corner of the room.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.38,0:00:30.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's because\Nwhen it comes to this subject -
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.78,0:00:32.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the numbers, formulas,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.90,0:00:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,symbols, and calculations -
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.70,0:00:37.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the vast majority of us are outsiders,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.88,0:00:39.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that includes me.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.72,0:00:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why today I want to share with you
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.68,0:00:44.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an outsider's perspective of mathematics -
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.26,0:00:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I understand of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.84,0:00:49.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from someone who's always\Nstruggled with the subject.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.37,0:00:50.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what I've discovered,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.75,0:00:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as someone who went from being an outsider\Nto making maths my career,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.52,0:01:00.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that, surprisingly, we are all\Ndeep down born to be mathematicians.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.92,0:01:02.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.92,0:01:04.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But back to me being an outsider.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.51,0:01:06.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know what you're thinking:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.09,0:01:07.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Wait a second, Eddie.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.87,0:01:09.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would you know?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.92,0:01:11.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're a maths teacher.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.53,0:01:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You went to a selective school.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.12,0:01:15.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You wear glasses, and you're Asian."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.93,0:01:18.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.95,0:01:22.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Firstly, that's racist.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.77,0:01:24.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.34,0:01:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Secondly, that's wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.78,0:01:28.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was in school,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.18,0:01:31.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my favorite subjects\Nwere English and history.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.23,0:01:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this caused a lot of angst\Nfor me as a teenager
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.62,0:01:37.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because my high school\Ntruly honored mathematics.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.18,0:01:39.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your status in the school\Npretty much correlated
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.46,0:01:41.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with which mathematics class\Nyou ranked in.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.67,0:01:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were eight classes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.28,0:01:46.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you were in maths 4,\Nthat made you just about average.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.74,0:01:50.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you were in maths 1,\Nyou were like royalty.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.73,0:01:51.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each year,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.73,0:01:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our school entered the prestigious\NAustralian Mathematics Competition
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.23,0:01:58.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and would print out a list\Nof everyone in the school
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.09,0:02:01.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order of our scores.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.07,0:02:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Students who received\Nprizes and high distinctions
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.18,0:02:07.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were pinned up at the start\Nof a long corridor,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.96,0:02:11.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,far, far away from the dark\Nand shameful place
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.93,0:02:13.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where my name appeared.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.83,0:02:15.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maths was not really my thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.10,0:02:21.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stories, characters, narratives -\Nthis is where I was at home.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.18,0:02:22.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's why
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.19,0:02:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I raised my sails and set course\Nto become an English and history teacher.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.84,0:02:30.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But a chance encounter\Nat Sydney University
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.85,0:02:32.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,altered my life forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.13,0:02:35.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was in line to enroll\Nat the faculty of education
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.52,0:02:38.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I started the conversation\Nwith one of its professors.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.72,0:02:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He noticed that while my academic life\Nhad been dominated by humanities,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.07,0:02:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had actually attempted\Nsome high-level maths at school.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.61,0:02:50.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What he saw was not\Nthat I had a problem with maths,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.30,0:02:53.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that I had persevered with maths.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.36,0:02:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he knew something I didn't -
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.47,0:02:58.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there was a critical shortage\Nof mathematics educators
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.31,0:02:59.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Australian schools,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.68,0:03:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a shortage that remains to this day.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.84,0:03:07.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he encouraged me to change\Nmy teaching area to mathematics.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.68,0:03:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, for me, becoming a teacher
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.40,0:03:11.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wasn't about my love\Nfor a particular subject.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.82,0:03:16.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was about having a personal impact\Non the lives of young people.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.55,0:03:17.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd seen firsthand at school
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.93,0:03:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what a lasting and positive difference\Na great teacher can make.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.36,0:03:24.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to do that for someone,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.12,0:03:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it didn't matter to me\Nwhat subject I did it in.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.02,0:03:29.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If there was an acute need in mathematics,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.39,0:03:32.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then it made sense for me to go there.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.96,0:03:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As I studied my degree, though,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.94,0:03:37.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I discovered that mathematics\Nwas a very different subject
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.79,0:03:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to what I'd originally thought.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.14,0:03:42.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd made the same mistake\Nabout mathematics
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.46,0:03:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I'd made earlier in my life
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.52,0:03:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about music.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.53,0:03:47.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like a good migrant child,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.99,0:03:50.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I dutifully learned\Nto play the piano when I was young.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.56,0:03:51.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.79,0:03:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My weekends were filled\Nwith endlessly repeating scales
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.18,0:03:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and memorizing every note in the piece,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.52,0:03:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spring and winter.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.63,0:04:02.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I lasted two years\Nbefore my career was abruptly ended
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.55,0:04:04.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when my teacher told my parents,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.55,0:04:07.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"His fingers are too short.\NI will not teach him anymore."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.82,0:04:10.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.75,0:04:14.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At seven years old,\NI thought of music like torture.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.94,0:04:18.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a dry, solitary, joyless exercise
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.58,0:04:22.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I only engaged with\Nbecause someone else forced me to.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.46,0:04:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It took me 11 years\Nto emerge from that sad place.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.76,0:04:27.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In year 12,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.78,0:04:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I picked up a steel string acoustic guitar
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.26,0:04:31.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the first time.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.12,0:04:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to play it for church,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.48,0:04:38.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there was also a girl\NI was fairly keen on impressing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.17,0:04:40.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I convinced my brother\Nto teach me a few chords.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.100,0:04:46.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And slowly, but surely, my mind changed.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.50,0:04:49.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was engaged in a creative process.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.43,0:04:52.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was making music, and I was hooked.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.90,0:04:54.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I started playing in a band,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.27,0:04:57.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I felt the delight\Nof rhythm pulsing through my body
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.27,0:04:59.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we brought our sounds together.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.53,0:05:02.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd been surrounded by a musical ocean
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.21,0:05:03.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my entire life,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.59,0:05:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for the first time,\NI realized I could swim in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.45,0:05:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went through\Nan almost identical experience
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.54,0:05:12.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it came to mathematics.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.36,0:05:16.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I used to believe that maths was about \Nrote learning inscrutable formulas
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.36,0:05:19.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to solve abstract problems\Nthat didn't mean anything to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.42,0:05:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But at university, I began to see\Nthat mathematics is immensely practical
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.52,0:05:27.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even beautiful,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.83,0:05:29.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it's not just about finding answers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.88,0:05:34.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also about learning to ask\Nthe right questions,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.34,0:05:37.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that mathematics isn't\Nabout mindlessly crunching numbers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.47,0:05:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but rather about forming\Nnew ways to see problems
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.52,0:05:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we can solve them\Nby combining insight with imagination.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.67,0:05:52.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It gradually dawned on me\Nthat mathematics is a sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.53,0:05:56.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mathematics is a sense\Njust like sight and touch;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.81,0:05:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a sense that allows us\Nto perceive realities
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.35,0:06:02.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which would be otherwise intangible to us.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.36,0:06:07.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, we talk about a sense of humor\Nand a sense of rhythm.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.63,0:06:13.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mathematics is our sense for patterns,\Nrelationships, and logical connections.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.04,0:06:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a whole new way to see the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.67,0:06:18.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I want to show you\Na mathematical reality
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.91,0:06:21.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I guarantee you've seen before
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.47,0:06:24.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but perhaps never really perceived.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.53,0:06:27.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's been hidden in plain sight\Nyour entire life.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.07,0:06:31.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a river delta.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.92,0:06:34.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a beautiful piece of geometry.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.39,0:06:36.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, when we hear the word geometry,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.11,0:06:38.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most of us think of triangles and circles.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.56,0:06:41.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But geometry is\Nthe mathematics of all shapes,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.60,0:06:44.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this meeting of land and sea
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.19,0:06:47.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has created shapes\Nwith an undeniable pattern.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.93,0:06:50.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has a mathematically\Nrecursive structure.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.92,0:06:52.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every part of the river delta,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.84,0:06:54.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with its twists and turns,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.58,0:06:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a microversion of the greater whole.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.04,0:07:01.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I want you to see\Nthe mathematics in this.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.24,0:07:03.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's not all.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.87,0:07:06.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want you to compare this river delta
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.96,0:07:09.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with this amazing tree.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.06,0:07:11.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a wonder in itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.87,0:07:16.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But focus with me on the similarities\Nbetween this and the river.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.20,0:07:18.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I want to know
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.55,0:07:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is why on earth should these shapes\Nlook so remarkably alike?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.08,0:07:25.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why should they have anything in common?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.61,0:07:27.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Things get even more perplexing\Nwhen you realize
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.88,0:07:30.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not just water systems\Nand plants that do this.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.45,0:07:32.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you keep your eyes open,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.41,0:07:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll see these same shapes\Nare everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.21,0:07:38.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lightning bolts disappear so quickly
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.93,0:07:42.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we seldom have the opportunity\Nto ponder their geometry.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.29,0:07:46.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But their shape is so unmistakable\Nand so similar to what we've just seen
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.96,0:07:50.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that one can't help but be suspicious.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.37,0:07:51.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there's the fact
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.75,0:07:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that every single person in this room\Nis filled with these shapes too.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.22,0:08:01.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every cubic centimeter of your body
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.20,0:08:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is packed with blood vessels\Nthat trace out this same pattern.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.52,0:08:10.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a mathematical reality\Nwoven into the fabric of the universe
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.62,0:08:13.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you share with winding rivers,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.10,0:08:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towering trees, and raging storms.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.71,0:08:19.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These shapes are examples\Nof what we call "fractals,"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.70,0:08:21.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as mathematicians.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.13,0:08:22.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fractals get their name
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.31,0:08:25.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the same place\Nas fractions and fractures -
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.79,0:08:28.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a reference to the broken\Nand shattered shapes
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.34,0:08:30.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we find around us in nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.69,0:08:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, once you have a sense for fractals,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.64,0:08:36.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you really do start\Nto see them everywhere:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.40,0:08:37.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a head of broccoli,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.61,0:08:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the leaves of a fern,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.60,0:08:43.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even clouds in the sky.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.63,0:08:44.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like the other senses,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.84,0:08:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our mathematical sense\Ncan be refined with practice.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.50,0:08:52.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just like developing perfect pitch\Nor a taste for wines.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.84,0:08:55.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can learn to perceive\Nthe mathematics around you
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.78,0:08:58.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with time and the right guidance.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.17,0:09:03.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Naturally, some people are born\Nwith sharper senses than the rest of us,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.15,0:09:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,others are born with impairment.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.70,0:09:08.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you can see, I drew a short straw\Nin the genetic lottery
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.82,0:09:10.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it came to my eyesight.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.64,0:09:14.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without my glasses, everything is a blur.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.08,0:09:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've wrestled with this sense\Nmy entire life,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.32,0:09:21.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I would never dream of saying,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.75,0:09:24.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, seeing has always been\Na struggle for me.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.25,0:09:27.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I guess I'm just not\Na seeing kind of person."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.27,0:09:28.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.56,0:09:33.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet I meet people every day
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.30,0:09:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who feel it quite natural\Nto say exactly that about mathematics.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.09,0:09:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I'm convinced
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.10,0:09:43.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we close ourselves off from a huge part\Nof the human experience if we do this.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.57,0:09:48.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because all human beings\Nare wired to see patterns.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.13,0:09:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We live in a patterned universe, a cosmos.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.98,0:09:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what cosmos means -\Norderly and patterned -
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.09,0:10:01.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as opposed to chaos,\Nwhich means disorderly and random.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.85,0:10:05.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It isn't just seeing patterns\Nthat humans are so good at.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.16,0:10:07.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We love making patterns too.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.44,0:10:10.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the people who do this well\Nhave a special name.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.86,0:10:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We call them artists, musicians,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.20,0:10:18.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sculptors, painters, cinematographers -
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.52,0:10:21.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're all pattern creators.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.81,0:10:23.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Music was once described
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.05,0:10:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the joy that people feel\Nwhen they are counting but don't know it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.60,0:10:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.75,0:10:32.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the most striking examples\Nof mathematical patterns
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.02,0:10:34.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are in Islamic art and design.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.88,0:10:37.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An aversion to depicting\Nhumans and animals
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.26,0:10:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,led to a rich history of intricate\Ntile arrangements and geometric forms.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.64,0:10:45.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The aesthetic side\Nof mathematical patterns like these
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.66,0:10:48.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brings us back to nature itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.57,0:10:49.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.85,0:10:53.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flowers are a universal symbol of beauty.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.13,0:10:55.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every culture around the planet\Nand throughout history
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.67,0:10:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has regarded them as objects of wonder.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.04,0:11:00.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one aspect of their beauty
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.50,0:11:03.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that they exhibit\Na special kind of symmetry.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.41,0:11:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Flowers grow organically from a center
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.00,0:11:09.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that expands outwards\Nin the shape of a spiral,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.74,0:11:13.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this creates what we call\N"rotational symmetry."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.84,0:11:16.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can spin a flower around and around,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.51,0:11:19.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it still looks basically the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.90,0:11:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But not all spirals are created equal.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.41,0:11:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It all depends on the angle of rotation\Nthat goes into creating the spiral.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.68,0:11:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, if we build a spiral\Nfrom an angle of 90 degrees,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.40,0:11:37.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we get a cross that is neither\Nbeautiful nor efficient.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.34,0:11:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Huge parts of the flowers area\Nare wasted and don't produce seeds.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.53,0:11:48.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Using an angle of 62 degrees is better\Nand produces a nice circular shape,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.95,0:11:51.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like what we usually\Nassociate with flowers.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.66,0:11:53.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's still not great.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.29,0:11:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's still large parts of the area
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.36,0:11:58.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are a poor use\Nof resources for the flower.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.64,0:12:06.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, if we use 137.5 degrees,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.58,0:12:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.76,0:12:10.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we get this beautiful pattern.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.70,0:12:13.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's astonishing,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.91,0:12:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it is exactly the kind of pattern\Nused by that most majestic of flowers -
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.86,0:12:20.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sunflower.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.55,0:12:25.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, 137.5 degrees\Nmight seem pretty random,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.13,0:12:27.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it actually emerges\Nout of a special number
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.88,0:12:30.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we call the "golden ratio."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.62,0:12:32.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The golden ratio is a mathematical reality
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.83,0:12:36.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that, like fractals,\Nyou can find everywhere -
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.65,0:12:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the phalanges of your fingers\Nto the pillars of the Parthenon.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.74,0:12:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why even at a party of 5000 people,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.68,0:12:47.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm proud to declare,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.70,0:12:50.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I love mathematics!"
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.09,0:12:52.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Cheers) (Applause)