[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the story of a world whose borders
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and territories were drawn \Nby the slave trade,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where violence, subjugation \Nand profit imposed their own routes.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This criminal system shaped our history\Nand our world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On São Tomé, the Portuguese\Ninvented an economic model
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with unprecedented profitability:\Nthe sugar plantation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was the first black colony,\Nthe first slave society.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We witnessed the marriage of the black men\Nwith sugar cane.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 16th century, other European powers\Nwere eager to follow their model.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their greed would plunge\Nan entire continent into caos and violence
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nearly 13 million Africans were cast onto\Nnew slavery routes to the new world
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the English, the French\Nand the Dutch hoped to become wealthy,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,immeasurably wealthy.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the Caribbean\Nhas similar climatic features to São Tomé,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it eventually became\Nthe principal crossroad of the slave trader's route
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For people on the western world,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these islands are today\Nassociated with vacation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Guadeloupe offers tourists\Na dream destination.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sunshine and pristine nature
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rekindling myths of a lost paradise
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Holidaymakers tend to confine themselves to\Nthe beaches of (foreign names)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as this sign indicates they are all too close\Nto another side of the islands heritage
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was anything but a paradise
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just a few meters away from the bay there is\Na burial site where countless skeletons were discovered
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Between 501,000 graves are still buried beneath the sand
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The (foreign name) beach is 1 of 15 cemetaries that\Nhave been excavated
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,15 among the 1,000 that exist in the Caribbean
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,89 skeletons have been exumed by French archaeological\Nresearch experts
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Judging by the state of the bones, they concluded that\Nthese men and women had not reached the age of 30
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the time of their death the toll from working on\Nthe plantations had so deformed their bodies
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they seemed more like 75 year olds
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These people were human guinea pigs for the\Nsugar expirament
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The collateral damage of an unprecedented\Ntrade war, The Sugar War
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,74% of all slaves carried off, were carried\Noff because of sugar
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want to understand the slave trade you\Njust need to know about sugar
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sugar proved more addicitve than pepper or cinnamon
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the 17th century onward Europeans craved\Nthis rare and expensive commodity
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In London, Amsterdam and Paris sugar fever was rampant
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Prompting a new generation of adventurers to go\Nto any extremes to get it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shipowners and fitters, merchants and pirates all knew\Nthat to produce sugar you need a lot of slaves
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,John Hawkins was one of these new entrepreneurs\Nfor whom profit reigned supreme
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The English privateer was a pioneer in understanding\Nthat fortune could be made by shipping black captives to the new world
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the mid 16th century he convinced Queen Elizabeth the 1st\Nto lend him a ship, The Jesus of Lubec
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the expedition Hawkins conspicuously set the tone\Nby choosing a trussed up black man on his emblem
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I do confirm to your highness that I will bring home 40,000 marks\Nwithout any offense of the least to any of your highnesses, allies or friends
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I will conduct this enterprise and turn it to the benefit\Nof your whole realm with your highnesses consent
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the voyage I propose is to load negroes in Guinea\Nand sell them in the West Indies
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in truck of pearls, gold and emeralds that I will bring back in abundance"
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1620, a century after sugar plantations were introduced\Nin Brazil
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Atlantic became the battleground for the sugar war
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,England, The Netherlands and France wanted\Nto break Spain and Portugals hegemony
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the Caribbean the Dutch took control Coracao, Sint Eustatius and Samata\NThe French, Guadelupe, Martinique, Granada and Santo Mal
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The English occupied The Bahamas, Jamaica, Antigua, Barbados and Dominica
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only Cuba and Puerto Rico remainded under Spanish rule
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After the extermination of the native Arawak people\Nthe first sugar canes flourished on this fertile land
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Caribbean became a space of conquest\Nfor the Europeans very early on really
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the first place that Columbus landed in the new world
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Um, the first place that the Spanish began to search for gold\Nand the first place they began to enslave the Indians
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they were thoroughgoing\NKonya spaces created by design
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of European planters and Imprial policy makers\Nand for their profit right
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There arent so many places where you can\Ncompletely overlay a territory like that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there, in some ways, the Caribbean is the space\Nwhere you find the purest of Colonial territories
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where the masters of the space actually get to\Ncreate the space to suit their own needs
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Guadalupe every plot of land, every single square inch of ground,\Nis connected to this violent and deeply rooted history
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today all that is left of sugar war is a field of ruins
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of the 250 sugar refineries active in the late\N19th century only two remain in operation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2017, experts from France's national institute of\Npreventive archeological research
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exhumed the remains of the (foreign name)\Nresidents and sugar refinery in (foreign place)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A mill, stock rooms and three rows of so-called negro huts,\Nwhere hundreds of slaves were penned up together
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this brutal work camp human beings were but one tool among others
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each became a mechanized emaciated body\Nconsumed by work until their final breath
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both the time in which the slaves were digging the\Ncane holes and the times in which their harvesting
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are really the peak of the labor on a plantation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You could almost see the slaves wasting away\Nwhen they were digging these cane holes
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the work was so strenuous and\Nthey were getting fed so poorly
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You found women in all of the gangs often times\Ndoing the hardest, dirtiest labor on the plantation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alongside the men or even before the men\Nand one of the things that means when
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you find young women doing this quite debilitating labor\Nis that the birth rates are very low
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the mortality rates, the infant mortality\Nrate is shockingly high
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the mid 18th century people talked about\N9 out of 10 infants born
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to enslaved Jamaican women dying, right,\Nwithin the first year
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, there's no way in which the plantation can\Nreproduce itself under those kinds of conditions
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The plantations were managed by overseers who\Nsaw the slaves in purely functional terms
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was an absolute exploitation of the workforce\NIt was a very particular society
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the average rate of life expectancy\Non a plantation was extremely low
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About 8 to 10 years after arriving
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The logic of the slave system was one where the\Navailability of the workforce had to be absolute
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for this man was conceived as an accessory of the land
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He appeared as such in house inventories
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Slaves are listed next to records for livestock\Nor manufacturing implements
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the archaic aspect which was put\Nto use by a capitalist system and which largely
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,met market supply and demand with\Nits fluctuations needs and competition, free competition
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The sugar plantations saw slavery enter a new era
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The stronger the demand for sugar\Nthe more the slave trade expanded
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the more the slave traders sought support from banks\Nto finance there expeditions
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,London is one of the oldest centers\Nof global finance
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The city of London was the first to create commodities exchange\Nto develop credit markets and to issue banknotes on a massive scale
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without the invention of a centralized banking system\Nthe explosion of the slave trade in the 17th century
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would not have been possible
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Preparing for a slave expedition was expensive and\Nhaving a financial arsenal
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gave England a decisive advantage over its competitors