[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.29,0:00:03.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Women are works of art.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.83,0:00:06.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the outside as on the inside.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.42,0:00:09.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am a neuroscientist\Nand I focus on the inside,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.83,0:00:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially on women's brains.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.42,0:00:15.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many theories\Non how women's brains differ
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.29,0:00:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from men's brains,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.58,0:00:18.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I've been looking\Nat brains for 20 years
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.71,0:00:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and can guarantee\Nthat there is no such thing
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.71,0:00:23.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a gendered brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.79,0:00:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pink and blue, Barbie and Lego,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.12,0:00:28.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those are all inventions\Nthat have nothing to do
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.83,0:00:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the way our brains are built.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.12,0:00:35.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That said, women's brains\Ndiffer from men's brains
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.25,0:00:36.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in some respects.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.67,0:00:38.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm here to talk\Nabout these differences
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.92,0:00:42.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they actually matter\Nfor our health.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.25,0:00:43.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.54,0:00:47.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,women are more likely than men\Nto be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.33,0:00:48.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or depression,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.75,0:00:51.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not to mention headaches and migraines.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.50,0:00:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But also, [unclear] my research,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.00,0:00:57.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,women are more likely than men\Nto have Alzheimer's disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.75,0:01:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alzheimer's disease\Nis the most common cause
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.04,0:01:02.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of dementia on the planet,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.21,0:01:07.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,affecting close to six million people\Nin the United States alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.79,0:01:11.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But almost two thirds of all those people
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.33,0:01:13.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are actually women.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.25,0:01:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for every man\Nsuffering from Alzheimer's
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.04,0:01:17.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are two women.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.67,0:01:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why is that overall?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.67,0:01:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it age?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.04,0:01:23.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it lifespan?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.46,0:01:25.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What else could it be?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.62,0:01:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A few years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.00,0:01:28.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I launched the Women's Brain Initiative
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.96,0:01:31.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at Weill Cornell Medicine\Nin New York City,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.25,0:01:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exactly to answer those questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.62,0:01:36.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And tonight, I'm here with some answers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.75,0:01:42.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it turns out\Nour brains age differently,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.50,0:01:46.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and menopause plays\Na key role here for women.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.25,0:01:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now most people think of the brain\Nas a kind of black box,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.50,0:01:52.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,isolated from the rest of the body.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.50,0:01:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in reality, our brains\Nare in constant interaction
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.62,0:01:56.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the rest of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.92,0:01:58.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And perhaps surprisingly,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.42,0:02:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the interactions\Nwith the reproductive system
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.04,0:02:05.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are crucial for brain aging in women.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.88,0:02:08.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These interactions\Nare mediated by our hormones.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.67,0:02:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we know that hormones differ\Nbetween the genders.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.67,0:02:16.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Men have more testosterone,\Nwomen have more estrogens.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.25,0:02:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what really matters here
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.71,0:02:21.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that these hormones differ\Nin their longevity.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.42,0:02:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Men's testosterone doesn't run out\Nuntil late in life,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.62,0:02:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a slow and pretty much\Nsymptom-free process, of course.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.50,0:02:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.04,0:02:35.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Women's estrogens, on the other hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.46,0:02:38.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,start fading in midlife, during menopause,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.46,0:02:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is anything but symptom-free.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.08,0:02:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We associate menopause with the ovaries,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.04,0:02:47.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but when women say\Nthat they're having hot flashes,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.88,0:02:51.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,night sweats, insomnia,\Nmemory lapses, depression, anxiety,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.83,0:02:54.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those symptoms don't start in the ovaries.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.21,0:02:56.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They start in the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.79,0:02:58.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those are neurological symptoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.92,0:03:02.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're just not used\Nto thinking about them as such.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.33,0:03:03.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why is that?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.67,0:03:07.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why are our brains impacted by menopause?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.42,0:03:08.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, first of all,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.71,0:03:12.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our brains and ovaries are part\Nof the neuroendocrine system.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.83,0:03:15.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As part of the system,\Nthe brain talks to the ovaries
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.38,0:03:17.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the ovaries talk back to the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.26,0:03:20.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every day of our lives as women.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.38,0:03:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the health of the ovaries\Nis linked to the health of the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.29,0:03:26.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the other way around.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.33,0:03:27.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the same time,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.67,0:03:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hormones like estrogen\Nare not only involved in reproduction,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.33,0:03:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also in brain function.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.00,0:03:36.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And estrogen in particular, or estradiol,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.58,0:03:40.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really key for energy\Nproduction in the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.75,0:03:42.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the cellular level,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.33,0:03:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,estrogen literally pushes neurons\Nto burn glucose to make energy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.33,0:03:47.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If your estrogen is high,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.79,0:03:49.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your brain energy is high.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.92,0:03:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When your estrogen declines though,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.21,0:03:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your neurons start slowing down\Nand age faster.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.12,0:03:58.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And studies have shown that this process
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.21,0:04:01.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can even lead to the formation\Nof amyloid plaques,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.62,0:04:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Alzheimer's plaques,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.21,0:04:06.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are a hallmark\Nof Alzheimer's disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.33,0:04:09.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These effects are stronger\Nin specific brain regions,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.17,0:04:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,starting with the hypothalamus,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.08,0:04:14.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is in charge of regulating\Nbody temperature.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.21,0:04:17.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When estrogen doesn't activate\Nthe hypothalamus correctly,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.29,0:04:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the brain cannot regulate\Nbody temperature correctly.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.04,0:04:23.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So those hot flashes that women get,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.46,0:04:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's the hypothalamus.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.58,0:04:28.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then there's the brain stem,\Nin charge of sleep and wake.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.96,0:04:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When estrogen doesn't activate\Nthe brain stem correctly,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.67,0:04:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have trouble sleeping.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.62,0:04:34.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or it's the amygdala,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.96,0:04:38.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the emotional center of the brain,\Nclose to the hippocampus,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.25,0:04:40.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the memory center of the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.29,0:04:43.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When estrogen levels ebb in these regions,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.17,0:04:45.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we start getting mood swings perhaps
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.25,0:04:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and forget things.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.54,0:04:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is the brain anatomy\Nof menopause, if you will.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.00,0:04:52.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let me show you
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.29,0:04:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what an actual\Nwoman's brain can look like.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.25,0:04:56.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is a kind of brain scan
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.00,0:04:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called positron emission\Ntomography or PET.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.75,0:05:01.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It looks at brain energy levels.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.88,0:05:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is what you want\Nyour brain to look like
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.54,0:05:07.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you're in your 40s.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.25,0:05:09.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Really nice and bright.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.33,0:05:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this brain belongs to a woman\Nwho was 43 years old
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.42,0:05:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when she was first scanned,\Nbefore menopause.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.54,0:05:20.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is the same brain\Njust eight years later,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.42,0:05:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after menopause.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.71,0:05:24.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we put them side by side,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.54,0:05:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think you can easily see\Nhow the bright yellow
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.00,0:05:29.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turned orange, almost purple.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.79,0:05:34.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a 30 percent drop\Nin brain energy levels.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.42,0:05:37.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now in general,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.42,0:05:42.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this just doesn't seem to happen\Nto a man of the same age.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.79,0:05:44.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In our studies with hundreds of people,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.00,0:05:49.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we show that middle-aged men\Nusually have high brain-energy levels.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.83,0:05:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For women, brain energy\Nis usually fine before menopause
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.04,0:05:57.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then it gradually declines\Nduring the transition.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.88,0:06:01.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this was found independent of age.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.79,0:06:04.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It didn't matter\Nif the women were 40, 50 or 60.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.92,0:06:09.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What mattered most\Nwas that they were in menopause.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.42,0:06:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So of course we need\Nmore research to confirm this,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.12,0:06:14.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it looks like women's brains midlife
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.75,0:06:17.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are more sensitive to hormonal aging
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.42,0:06:20.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than just straight up chronological aging.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.04,0:06:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is important information to have
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.21,0:06:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because so many women\Ncan feel these changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.54,0:06:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So many of our patients have said to me
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.54,0:06:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they feel like their minds\Nare playing tricks on them,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.54,0:06:32.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to put it mildly.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.21,0:06:35.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I really want to validate this\Nbecause it's real.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.42,0:06:38.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so just to clarify, if this is you,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.83,0:06:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you are not crazy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.12,0:06:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.88,0:06:44.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.67,0:06:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.71,0:06:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's important.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.00,0:06:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So many women have worried\Nthat they might be losing their minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.08,0:06:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the truth is that your brain\Nmight be going through a transition,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.67,0:06:56.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or is going through a transition
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.22,0:06:59.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and needs time and support to adjust.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.33,0:07:00.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, if anyone is concerned
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.92,0:07:04.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that middle-aged women\Nmight be underperformers,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.04,0:07:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll just quickly add\Nthat we looked at cognitive performance,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.17,0:07:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,God forbid, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.50,0:07:09.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.96,0:07:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's not do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.71,0:07:13.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we looked at cognitive performance
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.62,0:07:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we found absolutely no differences\Nbetween men and women
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.08,0:07:19.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before and after menopause.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.71,0:07:21.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And other studies confirm this.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.96,0:07:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So basically, we may be tired,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.79,0:07:26.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we are just as sharp.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.96,0:07:29.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.38,0:07:31.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Get that out of the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.42,0:07:32.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That all said,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.71,0:07:35.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is something else more serious\Nthat deserves our attention.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.79,0:07:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you remember,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.08,0:07:39.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mentioned that estrogen declines\Ncould potentially promote
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.96,0:07:42.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the formation of amyloid plaques,\Nor Alzheimer's plaques.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.83,0:07:46.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there's another kind of brain scan\Nthat looks exactly at those plaques.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.46,0:07:50.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we used it to show\Nthat middle-aged men hardly have any,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.33,0:07:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is great.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.62,0:07:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But for women
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.08,0:07:58.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's quite a bit of an increase\Nduring the transition to menopause.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.29,0:08:00.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I want to be really, really clear here
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.38,0:08:02.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that not all women develop the plaques,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.79,0:08:06.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not all women with the plaques\Ndevelop dementia.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.04,0:08:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having the plaques is a risk factor,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.08,0:08:12.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is not in any way a diagnosis,\Nespecially at this stage.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.50,0:08:14.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But still, it's quite an insight
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.79,0:08:17.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to associate Alzheimer's with menopause.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.46,0:08:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We think of menopause\Nas belonging to middle age,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.00,0:08:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Alzheimer's as belonging to old age.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.54,0:08:23.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in reality,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.83,0:08:25.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many studies, including my own work,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.88,0:08:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had shown that Alzheimer's disease\Nstarts with negative changes in the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.12,0:08:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,years if not decades\Nprior to clinical symptoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.71,0:08:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for women,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.04,0:08:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it looks like this process\Nstarts in midlife,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.00,0:08:40.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during menopause.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.42,0:08:42.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which is important information to have,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.33,0:08:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it gives us a time line\Nto start looking for those changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.58,0:08:48.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in terms of a time line,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.75,0:08:52.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most women go through menopause\Nin their early 50s.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.12,0:08:53.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it can be earlier.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.92,0:08:56.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Often because of medical interventions.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.83,0:09:00.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the common example is a hysterectomy\Nand/or an oophorectomy,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.75,0:09:03.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the surgical\Nremoval of the uterus
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.42,0:09:05.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and/or the ovaries.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.38,0:09:07.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And unfortunately, there is evidence
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.88,0:09:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that having the uterus,\Nand more so the ovaries removed
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.08,0:09:12.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prior to menopause
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.83,0:09:17.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,correlates with the higher risk\Nof dementia in women.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.46,0:09:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I know that this is upsetting news,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.58,0:09:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's definitely depressing news,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.71,0:09:23.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we need to talk about it
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.38,0:09:26.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because most women\Nare not aware of this correlation,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.92,0:09:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it seems a very important\Ninformation to have.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.12,0:09:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, no one is suggesting\Nthat women decline these procedures
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.21,0:09:34.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they need them.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.92,0:09:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The point here is that we really need\Nto better understand
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.62,0:09:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what happens to our brains\Nas we go through menopause,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.04,0:09:43.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,natural or medical,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.75,0:09:47.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how to protect\Nour brains in the process.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.21,0:09:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do we do that?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.58,0:09:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we protect our brains?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.04,0:09:51.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Should we take hormones?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.92,0:09:54.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a fair question,\Nit's a good question.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.58,0:09:57.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the shortest possible answer right now
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.21,0:09:59.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that hormonal therapy can be helpful
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.71,0:10:02.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to alleviate a number of symptoms,\Nlike hot flashes,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.00,0:10:06.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's not currently recommended\Nfor dementia prevention.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.79,0:10:10.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And many of us are working\Non testing different formulations,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.21,0:10:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and different dosages,\Nand different time lines,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.79,0:10:16.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and hopefully, all this work will lead\Nto a change in recommendations
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.88,0:10:18.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.79,0:10:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile, there are other things\Nthat we can do today
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.17,0:10:24.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to support our hormones\Nand their effects on the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.92,0:10:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that do now require medications,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.00,0:10:30.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but do require taking a good look\Nat our lifestyle.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.96,0:10:33.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's because the foods we eat,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.25,0:10:34.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much exercise we get,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.96,0:10:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much sleep we get or don't get,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.12,0:10:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much stress we have in our lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.12,0:10:42.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those are all things that can actually\Nimpact our hormones
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.33,0:10:44.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for better and for worse.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.71,0:10:46.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Food, for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.71,0:10:48.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many diets out there,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.62,0:10:52.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but studies have shown\Nthat the Mediterranean diet in particular
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.46,0:10:55.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is supportive of women's health.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.67,0:10:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Women on this diet have a much lower risk
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.12,0:11:01.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of cognitive decline, of depression,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.67,0:11:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of heart disease,\Nof stroke, and of cancer,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.71,0:11:07.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they also have fewer hot flashes.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.54,0:11:09.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's interesting about this diet
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.88,0:11:13.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that it's quite rich in foods\Nthat contain estrogens
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.00,0:11:17.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the form of phytoestrogens\Nor estrogens from plants
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.67,0:11:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that act like mild estrogens\Nin our bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.67,0:11:24.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some phytoestrogens have been linked\Nto a possible risk of cancer,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.17,0:11:27.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not the ones in this diet,\Nwhich are safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.38,0:11:29.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Especially from flax seeds,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.00,0:11:32.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sesame seeds, dried apricots,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.00,0:11:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,legumes and a number of fruits.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.58,0:11:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for some good news,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.50,0:11:41.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dark chocolate\Ncontains phytoestrogens too.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.67,0:11:44.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So diet is one way to gain estrogens,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.08,0:11:48.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's just as important to avoid things\Nthat suppress our estrogens instead,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.38,0:11:50.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially stress.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.33,0:11:53.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stress can literally steal your estrogens,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.33,0:11:56.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's because cortisol,\Nwhich is the main stress hormone,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.83,0:11:59.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,works in balance with our estrogens.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.46,0:12:02.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if cortisol goes up,\Nyour estrogens go down.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.17,0:12:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If cortisol goes down,\Nyour estrogens go back up.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.08,0:12:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So reducing stress is really important.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.38,0:12:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't just help your day,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.67,0:12:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it also helps your brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.42,0:12:13.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these are just a few things
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.96,0:12:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can do to support our brains
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.71,0:12:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are more.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.00,0:12:18.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the important thing here
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.42,0:12:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that changing the way\Nwe understand the female brain
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.00,0:12:25.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really changes the way\Nthat we care for it,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.17,0:12:27.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the way that we frame women's health.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.96,0:12:30.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the more women\Ndemand this information,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.92,0:12:34.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sooner we'll be able to break\Nthe taboos around menopause,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.33,0:12:37.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also come up with solutions\Nthat actually work,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.25,0:12:38.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just for Alzheimer's disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.88,0:12:41.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for women's brain health as a whole.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.58,0:12:44.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brain health is women's health.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.29,0:12:45.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.58,0:12:47.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.54,0:12:48.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.83,0:12:50.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, thank you.