[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.71,0:00:10.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if you or a loved one\Nwere diagnosed with an infectious disease:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.80,0:00:14.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,strep throat, an ear infection,\Nbacterial pneumonia,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.24,0:00:18.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tuberculosis, or a sexually\Ntransmitted disease?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.23,0:00:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now imagine that there are\Nno drugs that will work
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.03,0:00:25.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in effecting a cure for your infection.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.97,0:00:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is pretty scary.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.04,0:00:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is happening right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.52,0:00:34.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are people dying,\Njust like they used to before 1928,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.26,0:00:36.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when penicillin was discovered.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.92,0:00:40.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are we about to fall\Ninto the edge of the volcano?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.48,0:00:42.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That would not be so good.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.72,0:00:44.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I would like to propose today
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.70,0:00:49.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we need to encourage\Nyoung and old scientists
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.01,0:00:53.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to explore new opportunities\Nand new therapies.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.23,0:00:56.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not just antibiotics.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.04,0:00:58.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What else do we have?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.21,0:00:59.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is one of my heroes,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.67,0:01:03.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a Scottish microbiologist who became\NSir Alexander Fleming.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.58,0:01:06.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He discovered penicillin in 1928,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.21,0:01:09.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was worried\Nabout antibiotic resistance, too.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.84,0:01:11.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very, very concerned.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.55,0:01:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Antibiotics? Well, what are they?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.61,0:01:20.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think of them as tiny chemical weapons\Nthat are produced by bacteria and fungi,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.14,0:01:24.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they can kill off competitors\Nin a nutrient-limited environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.71,0:01:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These genes for antibiotics have been\Naround for 4 million years,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.04,0:01:33.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,long before we humans needed Z-Paks.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.59,0:01:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is not a new thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.08,0:01:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Antibiotic resistance can be\Neasily detected,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.01,0:01:44.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and antibiotic resistance\Nis another weapon.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.51,0:01:48.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you remember Spy vs Spy,\Nif you're old enough?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.66,0:01:50.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's an escalation of weapons.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.54,0:01:52.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The antibiotic producers,\Nthat's one weapon.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.70,0:01:56.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The antibiotic resistance\Nis another weapon.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.08,0:01:59.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Antibiotic resistance is one\Nof those things that my students
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.30,0:02:03.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- and there's two of them -\NI told you I was going to use the picture.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.13,0:02:08.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can detect antibiotic resistance\Nby growing plate cultures of bacteria.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.63,0:02:12.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the left you have E. coli;\Non the right you have Staph aureus.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.64,0:02:17.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those little paper discs are treated\Nwith antibiotics like penicillin,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.59,0:02:20.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tetracycline, Vancomycin,\Nyou guys did this, too.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.68,0:02:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is not new stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.58,0:02:24.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They did great, they did great by the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.99,0:02:27.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you look at antibiotic resistance,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.46,0:02:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this means that we're\Nnow facing Super Bugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.04,0:02:34.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I don't mean "super" in a good "Yay!",
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.68,0:02:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"super" in a scary way.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.17,0:02:38.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What about bacteria?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.25,0:02:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've heard of MRSA,\NMethicillin-resistant Staph Aureus.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.25,0:02:44.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This one scares me.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.03,0:02:45.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What about tuberculosis--
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.87,0:02:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.90,0:02:51.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and extensively\Ndrug-resistant tuberculosis.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.20,0:02:52.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.54,0:02:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These infections are very scary
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.40,0:02:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they may take one of your loved ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.82,0:02:59.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, God forbid, they'll take you.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.50,0:03:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,C. diff, Clostridium difficile--
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.93,0:03:05.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this one attacks \Nthe weakest of the patients,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.63,0:03:08.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the elderly and the very, very young.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.90,0:03:13.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, before we all get bummed out,\Nthere have to be some good guys.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.73,0:03:16.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There have to be.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.52,0:03:20.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My training is soil microbiology\Nso I love dirt.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.92,0:03:24.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Especially the dirt in my garden.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.11,0:03:27.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This used to be my son's swing set,\Nbut when he got too big,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.42,0:03:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the swing set started getting\Ntippy, I said, "You know what?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.52,0:03:32.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's going to be a garden box."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.92,0:03:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Soil bacteria, soil fungi, they are\Nnatural antibiotic producers.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.06,0:03:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is one avenue to explore.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.46,0:03:43.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How about we start looking\Nat more soil samples
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.99,0:03:48.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on Mars, or other extraterrestrial places?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.96,0:03:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Places even on Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.27,0:03:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,slopes of volcanoes\Nwhere bacteria recolonize.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.10,0:03:57.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm up for that, I'm totally\Ngoing to volunteer.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.94,0:04:01.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is cool, this is sci-fi,\Nthis is Star Trek.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.63,0:04:05.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How about we use viruses\Nthat attack bacteria
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.99,0:04:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do the dirty work for us?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.04,0:04:13.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The T-even bacteriophages,\None of my favorites is T4.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.23,0:04:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The "even" stands for the even number.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.22,0:04:19.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What they do is they attack bacteria
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.49,0:04:23.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and kill them, without antibiotics.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.22,0:04:28.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This technology has been around,\Nbelieve it or not, since the 1930s.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.71,0:04:31.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was discovered in France\Nby a microbiologist.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.94,0:04:36.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The technology was advanced\Nto clinical applications in the 1950s.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.72,0:04:38.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there's a catch.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.23,0:04:41.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was behind the former Iron Curtain.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.09,0:04:45.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was in Russia, and Poland,\Nand the original Georgia.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.48,0:04:47.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not our Georgia.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.59,0:04:50.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This technology is very effective.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.49,0:04:53.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if pharmaceutical companies
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.49,0:04:58.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could maybe advance the technology\Nto treat a patient with a virus,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.93,0:05:02.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of an antibiotic\Nor another type of drug?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.20,0:05:04.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lot of philosophy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.22,0:05:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Viruses, most people think,\Nare bad or terrible or the bad guys.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.48,0:05:12.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the enemy of my enemy\Nis my friend, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.75,0:05:14.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, not so fast.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.74,0:05:17.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes, the technology does go awry,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.47,0:05:21.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the viruses will carry genes\Nthat we don't understand.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.01,0:05:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I told you I like Star Trek.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.62,0:05:25.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,["The enemy of my enemy is\Nthe one I shall kill last."]
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.29,0:05:26.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It could happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.72,0:05:31.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think of all the wonderful,\Nspicy cuisines that we love:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.50,0:05:35.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thai food, Indian food,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.96,0:05:39.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Vietnamese, Cambodian, Eastern European,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.46,0:05:43.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,West African, Caribbean, Tex Mex.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.53,0:05:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yay, Taco Tuesday!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.00,0:05:48.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you look at all\Nof the herbs and spices
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.06,0:05:51.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have been studied,\Nbut only by anecdotal evidence:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.87,0:05:57.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turmeric, and peppers, and onions,\Nand garlic, and lemon grass,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.14,0:06:02.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and allspice, and cinnamon,\Nand coffee, and tea,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.44,0:06:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and beer.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.94,0:06:05.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yay!
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.26,0:06:07.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.24,0:06:10.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would happen if more people\Ngrew their own food?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.56,0:06:15.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I garden a lot at home,\Nwith my son and my partner.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.45,0:06:19.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all of these produce\Ncame from our garden.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.61,0:06:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, you can't have any, I ate it already.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.99,0:06:23.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I'll trade you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.49,0:06:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What have you got to trade?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.28,0:06:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We make beer, we make cheese,\Nwe have chickens.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.83,0:06:29.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're awesome.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.93,0:06:32.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our little miniature dinosaurs.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.66,0:06:36.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What about encouraging young scientists\Nto work on science fair projects
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.52,0:06:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that might advance one tiny field\Nof this type of research?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.98,0:06:44.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, when your child comes home,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.78,0:06:49.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they have their first\Nscience project assignment ...
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.47,0:06:51.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, God.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.24,0:06:53.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Put a smile on your face.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.97,0:06:56.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stock up on those art supplies,\Nstock up on that alcohol,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.70,0:07:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and say, "Yes, honey, we can do this!"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.07,0:07:05.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My son's first project is due in January.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.01,0:07:06.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, please help me.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.19,0:07:12.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we went to Hawaii in February,\Nwe really did go to a science fair.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.50,0:07:16.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So look, even school children\Nin Hawaii do science fair projects.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.23,0:07:18.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How bad would that be?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.84,0:07:21.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of them were really, really good.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.26,0:07:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll like this one.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.39,0:07:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's an anthropologist,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.72,0:07:27.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an American anthropologist \Ncalled Jeff Leach.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.47,0:07:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And after his daughter was\Ndiagnosed with Type I Diabetes,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.12,0:07:34.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he moved to Tanzania, and he went native,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.98,0:07:37.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,living with a hunter-gatherer tribe.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.62,0:07:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He ate what they ate--lots and lots\Nof fresh fruit and vegetables;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.26,0:07:44.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lots and lots of roots \Nthat they had gathered.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.73,0:07:46.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not a whole lot of protein,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.27,0:07:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless that had hunted\Nand killed on that particular day.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.86,0:07:52.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You also eat a lot of dirt
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.12,0:07:54.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you consume \Nfruit and vegetable material.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.73,0:07:56.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what he found in the year
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.100,0:08:01.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when he was taking\Nstool samples and blood samples,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.17,0:08:05.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that in humans, with a higher rate\Nof intestinal worm infections,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.48,0:08:09.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have a lower rate of inflammatory\Nand autoimmune diseases,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.67,0:08:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like diabetes, like Crohn's Disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.54,0:08:16.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like celiac, like irritable bowel,\Nlike rheumatoid arthritis.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.61,0:08:19.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I'm not saying go out\Nand eat dirt and eat worms,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.79,0:08:22.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless that's what you're into.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.20,0:08:26.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what if some aspect\Nof the parasitic worms,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.71,0:08:31.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like tapeworms and hook worms,\Nwas actually beneficial to our health?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.16,0:08:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the immune system is so busy
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.54,0:08:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,modulating and controlling\Nthe worm infection,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.13,0:08:38.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is doesn't have time to pay attention
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.28,0:08:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the inflammation\Nelsewhere in our bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.20,0:08:43.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His project is called\NThe Human Food Project.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.39,0:08:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's got another one \Nthat you might be interested in,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.02,0:08:48.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so Google it on break.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.03,0:08:51.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called The American Gut Project.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.03,0:08:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for a small fee,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.24,0:08:58.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from anywhere from $99 to $10,000,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.50,0:09:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can send in \Na fecal sample for testing.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.04,0:09:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he'll even do \Nfecal samples from your dog,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.86,0:09:11.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to study the American human gut, \Nand dog gut as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.47,0:09:13.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tempting.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.21,0:09:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saved the best for last.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.54,0:09:20.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FMT: Fecal Mass Transplantation.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.90,0:09:25.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is used in 2013, the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.25,0:09:28.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,approved this for treatment of C. diff.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.97,0:09:30.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It actually works.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.73,0:09:34.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you take \Nhealthy donor fecal material,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.86,0:09:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you transplant it into a recipient,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.34,0:09:41.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have a better than 90% chance
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.73,0:09:45.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of recovery from their C. diff infection.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.46,0:09:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It sound really gross.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.75,0:09:50.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because here's what you do.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.52,0:09:52.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.44,0:09:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can make a frozen poo pill,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.18,0:10:03.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as long as the material has been\Nscreened and freed of parasites;
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.49,0:10:06.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can receive it by an endoscope;
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.27,0:10:08.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can receive it by an enema.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.69,0:10:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[How about a big bowl of "Poop Soup"?]
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.80,0:10:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.46,0:10:19.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This technology has been around\Nsince the 4th or 5th century in China.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.54,0:10:22.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are recipes online for yellow soup.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.60,0:10:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Last night, I went online\Nand did some research.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.92,0:10:27.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are Pinterest pins,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.17,0:10:28.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.95,0:10:32.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for do-it-yourself at home.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.14,0:10:33.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.21,0:10:40.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are recipes.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.88,0:10:43.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I haven't tried it yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.24,0:10:48.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's on my list for 2017.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.77,0:10:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.12,0:10:51.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, I haven't tried it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.88,0:10:55.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what if, what if,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.07,0:10:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your loved one \Nhas exhausted all the options?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.22,0:11:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Antibiotics are not working,\Nthey've had multiple surgeries.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.17,0:11:04.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're depressed, they're\Nin the hospital, they're losing hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.20,0:11:08.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if something this simple
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.43,0:11:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could actually help them?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.99,0:11:13.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd do it. I'd do it in a heartbeat.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.46,0:11:18.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope that with this very short talk\NI have stimulated your imagination
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.79,0:11:23.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to at least learn more,\Nread more, find out more.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.11,0:11:25.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Antibiotic therapy \Nwon't always be with us.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.92,0:11:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are other avenues to explore.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.92,0:11:30.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, I've read all those books.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.56,0:11:33.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's not my nightstand, I promise.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.23,0:11:34.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But people look at you funny
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.64,0:11:36.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you're waiting at an airport
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.28,0:11:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get on a plane for a flight somewhere,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.26,0:11:41.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you have one\Nof these books in your hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.17,0:11:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then you mention that you heard\Nabout it on NPR Science Friday,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.51,0:11:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then it's all good.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.24,0:11:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's all good, they're happy with you.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.29,0:11:51.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyway, thank you for your kind attention.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.18,0:11:52.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)