[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.27,0:00:01.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hi, I’m John Green;
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.04,0:00:02.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is Crash Course World History
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.68,0:00:04.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and today we’re going to talk about
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.04,0:00:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capitalism.\N[off we go then!]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.04,0:00:06.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, Mr. Green,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.01,0:00:07.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capitalism just turns men into wolves.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.06,0:00:10.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your purportedly free markets\Nonly make slaves of us all.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.10,0:00:11.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, God, Stan,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.79,0:00:12.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it’s Me from College.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.08,0:00:13.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Me from the Past
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.03,0:00:14.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has become Me from College.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.55,0:00:15.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a disaster.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.06,0:00:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason he’s so unbearable,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.06,0:00:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stan,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.10,0:00:19.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that he refuses to\Nrecognize the legitimacy
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.01,0:00:20.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of other people’s narratives
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.04,0:00:21.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that means that he will
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.03,0:00:22.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,never, ever
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.04,0:00:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be able to have a productive conversation\Nwith another human in his entire life.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.00,0:00:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[harsh much, Mr. Green?]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.04,0:00:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, listen, Me from the Past,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.00,0:00:29.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’m going to disappoint you\Nby being too capitalist.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.01,0:00:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I’m going to disappoint\Na lot of other people
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.06,0:00:32.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by not being capitalist enough.\N[100% guaranteed]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.13,0:00:32.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.22,0:00:33.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’m going to disappoint the historians
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.05,0:00:35.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by not using enough jargon.\N[and Stan. Stan loves jargon]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.02,0:00:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, what can I do?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.08,0:00:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We only have 12 minutes. [ish]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.00,0:00:37.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fortunately
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.04,0:00:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capitalism is all about efficiency\Nso let’s do this,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.00,0:00:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Me from College.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.08,0:00:42.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Randy Riggs becomes a bestselling author;\N[I love pictures & the word peculiar]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.04,0:00:43.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Josh Radnor stars in a great sitcom;\N[Ted Mosby is super Rad(nor), Josh]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.01,0:00:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is NOT GOING TO WORK OUT with Emily,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.00,0:00:49.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and DO NOT go to Alaska with\Na girl you’ve known for 10 days.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.07,0:00:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Shenanigans?]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.02,0:00:52.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OKAY, LET’S TALK CAPITALISM.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.33,0:00:53.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Intro music]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.04,0:00:54.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[intro music]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.04,0:00:55.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[intro music]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.04,0:00:56.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[intro music]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.05,0:00:57.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[intro music]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.05,0:00:58.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[intro music]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.56,0:00:59.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[intro music]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.01,0:01:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, capitalism is an economic system,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.02,0:01:02.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it’s also a cultural system.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.07,0:01:05.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s characterized by innovation\Nand investment to increase wealth.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.29,0:01:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But today we’re going\Nto focus on production and
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.00,0:01:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how industrial capitalism changed it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.04,0:01:09.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stan,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.21,0:01:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can’t wear these emblems\Nof the bourgeoisie
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.09,0:01:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while Karl Marx himself is looking at me.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.08,0:01:16.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s ridiculous.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.09,0:01:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’m changing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.04,0:01:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very hard to take off a shirt dramatically.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.08,0:01:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[or unsuggestively]
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.04,0:01:24.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let’s say it’s 1,200 CE\Nand you’re a rug merchant.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.55,0:01:25.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just like merchants today,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.37,0:01:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you sometimes need to borrow money\Nin order to buy the rugs
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.12,0:01:29.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you want to resell at a profit,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.53,0:01:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you pay that money back,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.04,0:01:32.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often with interest,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.03,0:01:33.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once you’ve resold the rugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.07,0:01:35.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is called mercantile capitalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.12,0:01:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was a global phenomenon,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.29,0:01:37.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the Chinese to
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.02,0:01:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Indian Ocean trade network
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.40,0:01:41.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Muslim merchants who would sponsor trade\Ncaravans across the Sahara.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.79,0:01:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But by the 17th century,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.00,0:01:44.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,merchants in the Netherlands\Nand in Britain
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.43,0:01:47.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had expanded upon this idea\Nto create joint stock companies.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.62,0:01:49.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those companies could finance\Nbigger trade missions and
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.67,0:01:52.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also spread the risk of\Ninternational trade.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.10,0:01:53.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the thing about international trade
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.23,0:01:54.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is sometimes boats sink
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.60,0:01:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or they get taken by pirates,\N[Aaarrr!]
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.29,0:01:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and while that’s bad\Nif you’re a sailor because,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.37,0:01:58.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.82,0:01:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you lose your life,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.73,0:02:01.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it’s really bad if you’re a\Nmercantile capitalist
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.89,0:02:03.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you lost all your money.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.22,0:02:06.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you own one tenth of ten boats,\Nyour risk is much better managed.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.89,0:02:07.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[but is mischief managed?]
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.24,0:02:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That kind of investment\Ndefinitely increased wealth,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.04,0:02:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it only affected\Na sliver of the population,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.08,0:02:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it didn’t create\Na culture of capitalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.06,0:02:16.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Industrial Capitalism was\Nsomething altogether different,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.07,0:02:18.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both in scale and in practice.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.02,0:02:21.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let’s use Joyce Appleby’s\Ndefinition of industrial capitalism:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.01,0:02:24.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"An economic system that relies on\Ninvestment of capital in machines and
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.01,0:02:28.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technology that are used to increase\Nproduction of marketable goods.”
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.05,0:02:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.07,0:02:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imagine that someone made a Stan Machine.\N[lots of Stantastic possibilities there]
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.04,0:02:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the way, Stan,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.10,0:02:32.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is a remarkable likeness.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.02,0:02:35.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that Stan Machine could produce\Nand direct ten times more episodes
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.07,0:02:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Crash Course than a human Stan.\N[not super sure Stan's not a robot, btw]
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.10,0:02:38.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.01,0:02:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if there are\Nsignificant upfront costs,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.00,0:02:41.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’m going to invest in a Stan Machine,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.09,0:02:44.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I can start cranking out\Nten times the knowledge.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.06,0:02:44.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stan,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.07,0:02:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are you focusing on the robot\Ninstead of me?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.01,0:02:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am the star of the show!\N[sounds like unemployment, Stanimal]
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.08,0:02:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stan Bot,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.02,0:02:49.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you’re going behind the globe.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.02,0:02:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.04,0:02:51.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when most of us think of capitalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.02,0:02:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially when we think\Nabout its downsides
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.08,0:02:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(long hours, low wages,\Nmiserable working conditions,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.10,0:02:58.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,child labor, unemployed Stans)\N[doing yo-yo tricks on the Indy streets]
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.06,0:02:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that’s what we’re thinking about.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.00,0:03:00.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now admittedly
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.01,0:03:02.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is just one definition of\Nindustrial capitalism among many,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.09,0:03:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it’s the definition we’re going with.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.07,0:03:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alright,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.09,0:03:06.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let’s go to the Thought Bubble.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.03,0:03:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Industrial capitalism developed first\Nin Britain in the 19th century.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.04,0:03:10.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Britain had a bunch of advantages:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.07,0:03:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the dominant power on the seas
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.04,0:03:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was making good money off of\Ntrade with its colonies,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.01,0:03:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including the slave trade.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.04,0:03:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.08,0:03:19.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the growth of capitalism was helped\Nby the half-century of
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.05,0:03:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,civil unrest that resulted from the\N17th century English Civil War.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.03,0:03:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.08,0:03:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’m not advocating for civil wars or\Nanything, but in this particular case
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.04,0:03:28.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was useful,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.05,0:03:29.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because before the war
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.05,0:03:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the British crown had put a lot\Nof regulations on the economy—
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.10,0:03:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,complicated licenses,\Nroyal monopolies, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.04,0:03:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,—but during the turmoil,\Nit couldn’t enforce them,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.02,0:03:40.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which made for freer markets.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.03,0:03:43.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another factor was a remarkable increase\Nin agricultural productivity
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.04,0:03:44.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the 16th century.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.10,0:03:46.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As food prices started to rise,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.06,0:03:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it became profitable for farmers,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.32,0:03:49.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both large and small,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.06,0:03:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to invest in agricultural technologies\Nthat would improve crop yields.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.08,0:03:57.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those higher prices for grain probably\Nresulted from population growth,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.32,0:04:00.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which in turn was encouraged by\Nincreased production of food crops.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.03,0:04:03.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A number of these agricultural\Nimprovements came from the Dutch,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.01,0:04:05.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had chronic problems feeding\Nthemselves and discovered
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.03,0:04:07.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that planting different kinds of crops,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.03,0:04:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like clover that added nitrogen\Nto the soil and could be used
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.02,0:04:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to feed livestock at the same time,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.07,0:04:14.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meant that more fields could\Nbe used at once.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.04,0:04:16.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This increased productivity\Neventually brought down prices,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.80,0:04:18.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this encouraged further innovation
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.46,0:04:21.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to increase yield to\Nmake up for the drop in prices.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.49,0:04:23.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lower food prices had an added benefit –
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.01,0:04:26.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since food cost less and\Nwages in England remained high,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.03,0:04:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,workers would have more\Ndisposable income,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.00,0:04:29.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which meant that if there\Nwere consumer goods available,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.95,0:04:31.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they would be consumed,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.05,0:04:34.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which incentivized people to make\Nconsumer goods more efficiently,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.08,0:04:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore more cheaply.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.02,0:04:36.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see how
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.57,0:04:40.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this positive feedback loop\Nleads to more food and more stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.04,0:04:42.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,culminating in a world where people\Nhave so much stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.09,0:04:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we must rent space to store it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.04,0:04:46.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so much food
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.07,0:04:49.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that obesity has become a bigger\Nkiller than starvation.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.23,0:04:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks, Thought Bubble.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.04,0:04:53.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this increased productivity also meant\Nthat fewer people needed to
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.29,0:04:56.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,work in agriculture in order\Nto feed the population.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.01,0:04:57.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To put this in perspective,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.03,0:05:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 1520, 80% of the English\Npopulation worked the land.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.00,0:05:06.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 1800, only 36% of adult male\Nlaborers were working in agriculture,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.14,0:05:09.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by 1850,\Nthat percentage had dropped to 25.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.29,0:05:11.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This meant that when\Nthe factories started humming,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.07,0:05:13.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were plenty of workers\Nto hum along with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.06,0:05:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[humming < obnoxious than whistling]
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.16,0:05:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Especially child laborers.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.00,0:05:19.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So far all this sounds pretty good,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.26,0:05:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.04,0:05:20.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, except for the child labor.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.09,0:05:23.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who wouldn’t want more, cheaper food?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.57,0:05:25.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, well, not so fast.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.17,0:05:28.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the ways the British achieved\Nall this agricultural productivity
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.53,0:05:30.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was through the process of enclosure.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.05,0:05:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whereby landlords would re-claim\Nand privatize fields
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.00,0:05:35.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that for centuries had been held\Nin common by multiple tenants.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.01,0:05:36.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[they busted up hippie communes?]
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.48,0:05:37.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This increased agricultural productivity,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.09,0:05:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it also impoverished\Nmany tenant farmers,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.02,0:05:41.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many of whom lost their livelihoods.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.64,0:05:43.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, for our purposes,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.04,0:05:44.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capitalism is also a cultural system,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.97,0:05:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rooted in the need of\Nprivate investors to turn a profit.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.01,0:05:51.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the real change needed here\Nwas a change of mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.45,0:05:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People had to develop\Nthe capitalist values of
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.08,0:05:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking risks and appreciating innovation.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.00,0:05:58.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they had to come to believe that\Nmaking an upfront investment in something
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.10,0:05:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a Stan Machine\N[silent mode not optional]
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.10,0:06:01.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could pay for itself and then some.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.63,0:06:04.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the reasons that these\Nvalues developed in Britain was
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.35,0:06:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the people who initially held them\Nwere really good at publicizing them.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.14,0:06:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Writers like Thomas Mun,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.00,0:06:10.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who worked for the\NEnglish East India Company,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.08,0:06:13.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exposed people to the idea that the\Neconomy was controlled by markets.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.69,0:06:13.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.81,0:06:16.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other writers popularized the idea\Nthat it was human nature
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.31,0:06:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for individuals to participate\Nin markets as rational actors.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.07,0:06:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even our language changed:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.02,0:06:22.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the word “individuals”
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.05,0:06:25.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,did not apply to persons until\Nthe 17th century.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.75,0:06:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the 18th century,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.10,0:06:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a “career” still referred only\Nto horses’ racing lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.04,0:06:32.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Perhaps the most important idea\Nthat was popularized in England
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.85,0:06:32.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[other than safety pin accessories later)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.85,0:06:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that men and women were consumers\Nas well as producers
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.69,0:06:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that this was actually a good thing
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.06,0:06:41.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the desire to\Nconsume manufactured goods
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.07,0:06:43.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could spur economic growth.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.39,0:06:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“The main spur to trade,\Nor rather to industry and ingenuity,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.10,0:06:51.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the exorbitant appetite of men,\Nwhich they will take pain to gratify,”
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.29,0:06:52.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So wrote John Cary,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.63,0:06:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of capitalism’s cheerleaders,\Nin 1695.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.38,0:06:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in talking about our appetite,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.09,0:06:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he wasn’t just talking about food.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.04,0:07:02.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That doesn’t seem radical now,\Nbut it sure did back then.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.01,0:07:03.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here in the 21st century,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.22,0:07:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it’s clear that industrial capitalism—
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.04,0:07:06.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at least for now—
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.69,0:07:07.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has won.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.62,0:07:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sorry, buddy.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.50,0:07:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, you know, you gave it a good run.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.76,0:07:12.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You didn’t know about Stalin.\N[or the bright future of manscaping]
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.72,0:07:14.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But capitalism isn’t\Nwithout its problems,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.03,0:07:15.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or its critics,\N["haters" in the parlance of our times]
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.03,0:07:16.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there were certainly\Nlots of shortcomings to
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.75,0:07:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industrial capitalism\Nin the 19th century.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.13,0:07:20.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Working conditions were awful.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.51,0:07:23.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Days were long, arduous, and monotonous.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.25,0:07:25.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Workers lived in conditions\Nthat people living
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.07,0:07:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the developed world today\Nwould associate with abject poverty.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.62,0:07:30.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One way that workers responded\Nto these conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.25,0:07:32.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was by organizing into labor unions.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.17,0:07:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another response was in many cases\Npurely theoretical:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.92,0:07:35.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,socialism,\N[gasp, clutch the pearls]
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.34,0:07:37.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most famously Marxian socialism.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.02,0:07:38.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I should probably point out here
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.17,0:07:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that socialism is an\Nimperfect opposite to capitalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.00,0:07:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though the two are often juxtaposed.\N[consider that before commenting maybe?]
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.10,0:07:45.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Capitalism’s defenders like to\Npoint out that it’s “natural,”
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.25,0:07:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meaning that if left to our own devices,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.04,0:07:51.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,humans would construct economic\Nrelationships that resemble capitalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.01,0:07:52.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Socialism,\Nat least in its modern incarnations,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.100,0:07:55.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,makes fewer pretenses towards being\Nan expression of human nature;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.85,0:07:58.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it’s the result of human choice\Nand human planning.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.62,0:08:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, socialism,\Nas an intellectual construct,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.01,0:08:03.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,began in France.\N[he spins the whole world in his hand]
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.85,0:08:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How’d I do, Stan?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.04,0:08:07.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mm, in the border between
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.03,0:08:08.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Egypt and Libya.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.23,0:08:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were two branches\Nof socialism in France,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.48,0:08:11.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,utopian and revolutionary.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.100,0:08:13.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Utopian socialism is often associated
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.02,0:08:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Comte de Saint Simon\Nand Charles Fourier,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.48,0:08:17.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both of whom rejected\Nrevolutionary action
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.67,0:08:20.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after having seen the disaster\Nof the French Revolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.59,0:08:21.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both were critical of capitalism
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.76,0:08:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and while Fourier is usually a\Npunchline in history classes
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.03,0:08:26.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he believed that,\Nin his ideal socialist world,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.91,0:08:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the seas would turn to lemonade,\N[wut]
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.42,0:08:30.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was right that\Nhuman beings have desires
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.41,0:08:32.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that go beyond basic self interest,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.01,0:08:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that we aren’t always\Neconomically rational actors.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.01,0:08:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[truth]
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.10,0:08:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other French socialists\Nwere the revolutionaries,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.00,0:08:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they saw the French Revolution,\Neven its violence,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.54,0:08:40.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a much more positive light.\N[Vive Goddard!]
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.92,0:08:43.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most important of these revolutionaries\Nwas Auguste Blanqui,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.73,0:08:47.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we associate a lot of his ideas with\Ncommunism, which is a term that he used.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.07,0:08:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like the utopians,\Nhe criticized capitalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.08,0:08:51.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he believed that\Nit could only be overthrown
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.01,0:08:54.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through violent revolution\Nby the working classes.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.04,0:08:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.08,0:08:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while Blanqui thought that the workers\Nwould come to dominate a communist world,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.03,0:08:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was an elitist.\N[by which you mean an arugula eater?]
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.04,0:09:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he believed that workers on their own\Ncould never, on their own,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.07,0:09:04.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,overcome their superstitions and\Ntheir prejudices in order to
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.05,0:09:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,throw off bourgeois oppression.\N[interesting]
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.00,0:09:07.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that brings us to Karl Marx,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.01,0:09:11.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose ideas and beard cast a shadow\Nover most of the 20th century.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.05,0:09:13.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, it’s time for the Open Letter?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.02,0:09:15.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[roll all you want, i'm not looking]
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.09,0:09:18.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[aloha miss hand]\NAn Open Letter to Karl Marx’s Beard.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.01,0:09:19.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, first,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.01,0:09:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let’s see what’s in\Nthe secret compartment today.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.08,0:09:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, robots.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.00,0:09:24.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stan Bots!
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.09,0:09:26.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two Stan Bots,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.02,0:09:27.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of them female!\N[a featured female, on Crash Course? ha]
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.08,0:09:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now I own all the means of production.\N[no evil laugh and/or mustache twisting?]
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.00,0:09:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You’re officially useless to me, Stan.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.04,0:09:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, turn the camera off.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.00,0:09:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Turn the ca--
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.04,0:09:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’m going to have to get up\Nand turn the camera off?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.00,0:09:37.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stan Bot,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.05,0:09:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,go turn the camera off.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.08,0:09:40.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hey there, Karl Marx’s beard.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.06,0:09:42.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wow, you are intense.\N[and probably pretty grody]
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.09,0:09:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Karl Marx,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.00,0:09:44.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these days there are a lot of young men
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.09,0:09:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who think beards are cool.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.01,0:09:47.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Beard lovers, if you will.\N[beardos]
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.01,0:09:47.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those aren’t beards,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.01,0:09:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those are glorified milk mustaches.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.00,0:09:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.04,0:09:50.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I haven’t shaved for a couple weeks,\NKarl Marx,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.09,0:09:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I’m not claiming a beard.\N[nothing a solid scrubbing couldn't fix?]
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.00,0:09:53.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don’t get a beard by being lazy,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.01,0:09:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you get a beard\Nby being a committed revolutionary.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.10,0:09:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s why hardcore Marxists are literally\Nknown as
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.07,0:10:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Bearded Marxists.” [not to be confused\Nw/ "Mulleted Marxists" from the 80's]
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.10,0:10:02.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These days, that’s an insult.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.04,0:10:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you know what, Karl Marx,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.02,0:10:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I look back at history,\NI prefer the bearded communists.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.08,0:10:09.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let’s talk about some communists\Nwho didn’t have beards:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.03,0:10:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mao Zedong,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.02,0:10:11.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pol Pot,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.02,0:10:12.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kim Jong-il,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.01,0:10:14.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Joseph freakin’ Stalin\Nwith his face caterpillar.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.09,0:10:15.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, yeah, Karl Marx’s beard,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.10,0:10:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it’s my great regret to inform you
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.04,0:10:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there are some paltry beards trying\Nto take up the class struggle these days.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.02,0:10:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Best Wishes,\NJohn Green
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.06,0:10:25.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although he’s often considered\Nthe father of communism,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.07,0:10:27.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he co-wrote\NThe Communist Manifesto,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.01,0:10:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marx was above all a philosopher\Nand a historian.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.00,0:10:33.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s just that,\Nunlike many philosophers and historians,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.01,0:10:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he advocated for revolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.01,0:10:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His greatest work, Das Kapital,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.04,0:10:38.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sets out to explain the world\Nof the 19th century
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.01,0:10:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in historical and philosophical terms.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.10,0:10:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marx’s thinking is deep and dense
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.06,0:10:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we’re low on time,\Nbut I want to introduce one of his ideas,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.02,0:10:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that of class struggle.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.10,0:10:46.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[yeah buddy, here we go]
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.06,0:10:47.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, for Marx,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.02,0:10:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the focus isn’t on the class,\Nit’s on the struggle.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.09,0:10:53.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Basically Marx believed that classes\Ndon’t only struggle to make history,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.01,0:10:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that the struggle is what\Nmakes classes into themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.04,0:10:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea is that through conflict,\Nclasses develop a sense of themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.07,0:11:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and without conflict,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.02,0:11:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is no such thing\Nas class consciousness.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.04,0:11:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.08,0:11:07.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marx was writing in 19th century England\Nand there were two classes that mattered:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.03,0:11:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the workers and the capitalists.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.04,0:11:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The capitalists owned most\Nof the factors of production
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.00,0:11:15.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(in this case, land and\Nthe capital to invest in factories).
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.07,0:11:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The workers just had their labor.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.08,0:11:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the class struggle here\Nis between capitalists,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.03,0:11:22.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who want labor at\Nthe lowest possible price,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.06,0:11:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the workers who want to be paid\Nas much as possible for their work.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.08,0:11:28.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are two key ideas that underlie\Nthis theory of class struggle.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.05,0:11:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.10,0:11:31.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marx believed that “production,” or work,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.01,0:11:34.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was the thing that gave\Nlife material meaning.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.02,0:11:34.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.05,0:11:36.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we are by nature\Nsocial [St]animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.08,0:11:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We work together, we collaborate,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.09,0:11:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are more efficient when\Nwe share resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.10,0:11:43.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marx’s criticism of capitalism is
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.06,0:11:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that capitalism replaces this\Negalitarian collaboration with conflict.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.07,0:11:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that means that it isn’t\Na natural system after all.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.00,0:11:55.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by arguing that capitalism actually\Nisn’t consistent with human nature,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.03,0:11:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marx sought to empower the workers.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.10,0:12:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s a lot more attractive\Nthan Blanqui’s elitist socialism,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.02,0:12:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and while purportedly Marxist states
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.10,0:12:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the USSR
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.10,0:12:05.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,usually abandon worker empowerment\Npretty quickly,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.08,0:12:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the idea of protecting our\Ncollective interest remains powerful.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.02,0:12:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s where we’ll have to\Nleave it for now,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.09,0:12:12.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lest I start reading from\NThe Communist Manifesto.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.06,0:12:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[noooooo!]
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.00,0:12:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, ultimately socialism has not\Nsucceeded in supplanting capitalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.04,0:12:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as its proponents had hoped.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.01,0:12:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the United States, at least,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.08,0:12:21.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“socialism” has become something\Nof a dirty word.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.01,0:12:21.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.05,0:12:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industrial capitalism certainly\Nseems to have won out,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.06,0:12:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in terms of material well being
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.03,0:12:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and access to goods and services for\Npeople around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.06,0:12:29.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that’s probably a good thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.08,0:12:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ugh,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.02,0:12:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you keep falling over.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.04,0:12:32.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You’re a great bit,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.05,0:12:33.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but a very flimsy one.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.07,0:12:34.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, come to think of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.05,0:12:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you’re more of an 8-bit.\N[haha… um, crickets]
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.04,0:12:36.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But how and to what extent
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.05,0:12:41.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we use socialist principles to regulate\Nfree markets remains an open question,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.03,0:12:43.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one that is answered\Nvery differently in, say,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.06,0:12:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sweden than in the United States.\N[lingonberries & Skarsgards pwn]
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.04,0:12:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this, I would argue,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.02,0:12:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is where Marx still matters.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.04,0:12:50.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is capitalist competition\Nnatural and good,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.07,0:12:52.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or should there be systems in place
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.01,0:12:54.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to check it for the sake of\Nour collective well-being?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.09,0:12:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Should we band together to\Nprovide health care for the sick,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.00,0:12:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[and that's Jenga]
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.04,0:12:58.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or pensions for the old?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.08,0:13:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Should government run businesses,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.02,0:13:01.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if so, which ones?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.04,0:13:02.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mail delivery business?\N[stamps are awesome.<3 you USPS]
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.07,0:13:04.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The airport security business?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.04,0:13:05.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The education business?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.09,0:13:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those are the places where
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.06,0:13:09.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industrial capitalism and socialism\Nare still competing.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.01,0:13:12.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in that sense, at least,\Nthe struggle continues.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.05,0:13:12.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks for watching,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.09,0:13:14.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’ll see you next week.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.01,0:13:14.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Crash Course is
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.09,0:13:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,produced and directed by\NStan Muller.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.00,0:13:17.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our script supervisor is\NDanica Johnson.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.09,0:13:20.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The show is written by\Nmy high school history teacher,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.02,0:13:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Raoul Meyer and myself.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.04,0:13:23.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We’re ably interned by\NMeredith Danko.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.05,0:13:25.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And our graphics team is\NThought Bubble.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.04,0:13:26.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Last week’s phrase of the week was
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.09,0:13:27.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“the TARDIS,”
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.01,0:13:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you can stop suggesting that now!
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.00,0:13:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want to suggest\Nfuture phrases of the week
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.08,0:13:31.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or guess at this week’s,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.07,0:13:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can do so in comments,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.08,0:13:34.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you can also ask questions\Nabout today’s video
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.07,0:13:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will be answered by\Nour team of historians.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.06,0:13:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks for watching Crash Course,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.06,0:13:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as we say in my hometown,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.08,0:13:40.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don’t forget You are my density.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.06,0:13:41.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alright, Stan,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.03,0:13:42.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bring the movie magic...
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.07,0:13:42.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes!
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.08,0:13:42.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[outro]
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.09,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[outro]