0:00:13.390,0:00:14.386
Well,

0:00:14.386,0:00:17.059
my talk is on depression and anxiety.

0:00:19.947,0:00:21.139
Sometimes,

0:00:21.139,0:00:27.753
some of us fall into black holes[br]of self-doubt, anxiety, inferiority,

0:00:27.813,0:00:30.303
feeling like we're not good enough,

0:00:30.303,0:00:32.052
beating up on ourselves.

0:00:32.052,0:00:34.608
How many of you sometimes feel that way?

0:00:34.608,0:00:39.700
Put your hands up if you've ever struggled[br]with depression or anxiety or self-doubt.

0:00:39.700,0:00:42.394
It's one of the worst forms[br]of human suffering.

0:00:42.394,0:00:45.033
I've had patients who told me

0:00:45.033,0:00:50.562
that they pray to God at night[br]that they could develop cancer

0:00:51.172,0:00:56.443
so they could die in dignity,[br]without committing suicide.

0:00:56.443,0:01:01.582
How many of you have ever felt, maybe,[br]that your life was not worth living

0:01:01.582,0:01:06.567
or have known a friend or a loved one[br]or a colleague who made a suicide attempt?

0:01:06.567,0:01:09.659
Put your hands up[br]if that's ever touched you.

0:01:09.659,0:01:13.346
It's one of the most horrible,[br]horrible things.

0:01:13.806,0:01:18.220
I started out at University[br]of Pennsylvania Medical School.

0:01:18.220,0:01:22.533
I finished my residency, and I did[br]a research fellowship on depression,

0:01:22.533,0:01:24.001
and I was always curious:

0:01:24.001,0:01:25.600
What makes us depressed?

0:01:25.600,0:01:27.628
Why do we fall into these black holes?

0:01:27.628,0:01:28.799
What's the cause of it?

0:01:28.799,0:01:31.711
What can we do to turn these moods around?

0:01:31.711,0:01:34.872
And I started out[br]like many young psychiatrists -

0:01:34.872,0:01:36.976
it's what you call[br]a biological psychiatrist.

0:01:36.976,0:01:39.608
I was doing research on brain chemistry,

0:01:39.608,0:01:41.997
this idea that depression and anxiety

0:01:41.997,0:01:44.828
are due to some kind[br]of chemical imbalance in the brain.

0:01:44.828,0:01:46.009
I was treating patients

0:01:46.009,0:01:49.260
with antidepressants[br]and other medications,

0:01:49.670,0:01:53.162
but there were only two problems[br]from my point of view.

0:01:53.162,0:01:56.711
The first is our own research we did;

0:01:56.711,0:02:00.943
it didn't seem to confirm[br]that depression or anxiety

0:02:00.943,0:02:04.472
were actually due to a chemical[br]imbalance in the brain.

0:02:04.472,0:02:06.229
In fact, our research indicated

0:02:06.229,0:02:09.897
that this probably is not the cause[br]of depression and anxiety.

0:02:09.897,0:02:10.917
In addition,

0:02:10.917,0:02:14.577
I was giving out antidepressants[br]by the bucketful to patients.

0:02:14.577,0:02:15.929
I had hundreds of patients,

0:02:15.929,0:02:18.784
and while a few of them were being helped,

0:02:19.304,0:02:21.102
most of them were not.

0:02:21.102,0:02:26.764
They were going on week after week,[br]saying, "I want to die. I feel worthless."

0:02:26.764,0:02:29.333
And I said, "Gosh,[br]there's got to be a better way."

0:02:29.333,0:02:34.173
If the pills had worked,[br]I would have been perfectly happy.

0:02:34.173,0:02:37.269
And I thought, "Maybe[br]there's some type of psychotherapy

0:02:37.269,0:02:40.723
I could combine with the medications,"

0:02:40.723,0:02:42.951
because I wanted people[br]to be able to wake up

0:02:42.951,0:02:45.139
and say, "It's great to be alive."

0:02:45.739,0:02:49.029
and have joy and full of love:[br]"I'm full of life,"

0:02:49.029,0:02:51.154
and I was rarely seeing that.

0:02:51.154,0:02:55.521
I tried different kinds of psychotherapy;[br]they didn't seem to work.

0:02:55.521,0:02:59.380
And then a colleague said,[br]"You know, there's something new

0:02:59.380,0:03:02.476
fellow here at Penn[br]is developing - Aaron Beck -

0:03:02.476,0:03:07.335
and he calls it 'cognitive therapy,'[br]and it's kind of simple in its theory,

0:03:07.335,0:03:11.353
and maybe you could try this out[br]with some of your patients."

0:03:11.353,0:03:14.976
A cognition is a thought;[br]it's just a fancy word for a thought,

0:03:14.976,0:03:19.005
and there's three basic ideas[br]behind cognitive therapy.

0:03:19.005,0:03:25.107
The first is that our thoughts[br]create all of our moods,

0:03:26.647,0:03:29.229
and that when you are[br]depressed and anxious,

0:03:29.229,0:03:32.199
you're giving yourself negative messages,

0:03:32.199,0:03:33.478
you're blaming yourself,

0:03:33.478,0:03:36.396
you're telling yourself[br]something terrible is going to happen.

0:03:36.396,0:03:38.373
Now, this idea is not new;

0:03:38.373,0:03:41.972
it goes back to the Greek[br]philosopher Epictetus.

0:03:41.972,0:03:46.879
Nearly 2,000 years ago, he said,[br]"People are disturbed not by things" -

0:03:46.879,0:03:49.410
in other words,[br]not by the events of our life,

0:03:49.410,0:03:51.764
but by the views we take of them,

0:03:51.764,0:03:55.458
that we create all of our emotions,[br]positive and negative,

0:03:55.458,0:03:57.398
at every moment of every day

0:03:57.398,0:04:00.699
through our interpretations[br]of what's going on.

0:04:00.699,0:04:04.000
And it goes back even before Epictetus

0:04:04.000,0:04:09.298
to the Buddha, who was saying[br]the same thing 2,500 years ago.

0:04:09.298,0:04:12.907
Well, the second idea[br]is that when you're depressed and anxious,

0:04:12.907,0:04:14.208
those negative thoughts -

0:04:14.208,0:04:16.884
"I am no good," I'm a loser,"[br]"What's wrong with me?"

0:04:16.884,0:04:19.868
"I shouldn't have screwed up,"[br]"I should be better than I am" -

0:04:19.868,0:04:23.051
those thoughts are not realistic thoughts;

0:04:23.051,0:04:24.404
they're distorted,

0:04:24.404,0:04:28.580
that depression and anxiety[br]are the world's oldest cons,

0:04:28.580,0:04:32.741
and that there's ten distortions[br]that you always see

0:04:32.741,0:04:36.186
in the negative thoughts of individuals[br]who are depressed and anxious.

0:04:36.186,0:04:37.622
Like all or nothing thinking:

0:04:37.622,0:04:41.731
"If I'm not a great success today,[br]I'll be a total failure."

0:04:41.731,0:04:43.984
Shades of gray don't exist.

0:04:43.984,0:04:46.075
Or overgeneralization -

0:04:46.075,0:04:49.102
seeing a negative event[br]as a never-ending pattern of defeat.

0:04:49.102,0:04:52.405
Or "should" statements or self-blame.

0:04:52.725,0:04:54.186
And the third idea

0:04:54.186,0:05:00.118
was that you could train people[br]to change the way they think

0:05:00.118,0:05:03.812
and then suddenly[br]change the way they feel.

0:05:03.812,0:05:08.375
Well, I heard that theory, and I said,[br]"That sounds like so much bullshit."

0:05:08.375,0:05:09.803
(Laughter)

0:05:09.803,0:05:13.158
I know my patients have negative thoughts.

0:05:13.158,0:05:15.396
That's certainly the case.

0:05:15.396,0:05:19.580
But you can't help[br]serious suicidal depression

0:05:19.580,0:05:22.663
with some kind of power[br]of positive thinking.

0:05:22.953,0:05:24.492
And I told a colleague this.

0:05:24.492,0:05:28.563
He says, "Well, David, why don't you go[br]to Beck's weekly seminar,

0:05:29.023,0:05:32.830
and as part of your research, try this[br]with a few of your toughest patients,

0:05:32.830,0:05:36.451
and then you can prove to yourself[br]that it doesn't work."

0:05:36.451,0:05:40.314
And I thought, "That's a great idea.[br]I think I'll check it out."

0:05:40.624,0:05:45.174
Well, the first patient[br]I tried it out on was a woman

0:05:45.174,0:05:49.820
referred from the intensive care unit[br]of the university hospital.

0:05:49.820,0:05:53.753
She had made a nearly successful[br]suicide attempt,

0:05:54.373,0:05:56.785
an elderly Latvian immigrant,

0:05:56.785,0:05:58.805
and they referred her to me for follow-up.

0:05:58.805,0:06:02.900
And I said, "Martha,[br]there's this new form of therapy.

0:06:02.900,0:06:06.306
I'm doing some investigating.

0:06:06.906,0:06:11.440
Would it be okay if I present your case[br]at this weekly seminar,

0:06:11.440,0:06:13.263
and then I can tell you what they say,

0:06:13.263,0:06:16.239
and maybe we can find[br]some new techniques?"

0:06:16.239,0:06:18.436
She was fine with that;[br]she gave me permission.

0:06:18.436,0:06:22.074
So I presented her case[br]to Dr. Beck and said,

0:06:22.074,0:06:27.005
"How would you use this cognitive therapy[br]with someone who's suicidal?"

0:06:27.005,0:06:30.454
And he said, "Well, our thoughts[br]create all of our emotions,

0:06:30.454,0:06:31.580
so just ask her,

0:06:31.580,0:06:36.890
'What were you telling yourself[br]the moment you tried to commit suicide?'"

0:06:36.890,0:06:40.709
So I went back to her, and she said,[br]"What did you find out in the seminar?"

0:06:40.709,0:06:42.789
I said, "Well, I'm supposed to ask you

0:06:42.789,0:06:46.772
what you were telling yourself[br]the moment you attempted suicide.

0:06:46.772,0:06:48.474
What were your negative thoughts?"

0:06:48.474,0:06:53.719
And she said, "Oh, I was telling myself[br]that I'm a worthless human being

0:06:53.719,0:06:59.705
because I've never accomplished anything[br]meaningful or significant in my life."

0:07:01.035,0:07:02.515
And she said,

0:07:02.515,0:07:04.475
"Now what am I supposed[br]to do about that?"

0:07:04.475,0:07:07.317
And I said, "I'm not sure.[br]You have to wait a week,"

0:07:07.317,0:07:08.459
(Laughter)

0:07:08.459,0:07:10.784
"[I'll] go back and ask at the seminar."

0:07:10.784,0:07:12.579
So I went back and said,

0:07:12.579,0:07:14.770
"Here's what I found out.[br]What should I do?"

0:07:14.770,0:07:20.339
And Dr. Beck said, "Well, one technique[br]we use is called 'examine the evidence.'

0:07:20.339,0:07:24.138
See if what you're telling[br]yourself is true or not.

0:07:24.138,0:07:28.247
Ask her to make a list[br]of several thing she has accomplished."

0:07:28.587,0:07:30.933
I thought, "That makes sense."

0:07:30.933,0:07:33.976
So I went back; she said,[br]"What did you find out at the seminar?"

0:07:33.976,0:07:38.369
I said, "You're supposed to make a list[br]of several things you have accomplished."

0:07:38.369,0:07:42.313
She said, "Well, that's just the problem.[br]I can't think of anything."

0:07:43.313,0:07:46.565
And I don't know, maybe some of you folks[br]felt that way some times

0:07:46.565,0:07:49.187
and look back on your life and say,

0:07:49.187,0:07:51.529
"What have I done[br]that was really meaningful,

0:07:51.529,0:07:52.981
that was really significant?

0:07:52.981,0:07:55.439
What did my life really amount to?"

0:07:56.279,0:07:59.872
So I said, "Well, why don't you take it[br]as a homework assignment?

0:07:59.872,0:08:02.358
Maybe you can think of something."

0:08:02.358,0:08:05.999
Well, the next week, I forgot[br]I gave her the homework assignment;

0:08:05.999,0:08:10.433
I did my usual non-specific schmoozing[br]and "How are you feeling?"

0:08:10.433,0:08:12.977
and "Do you need a refill[br]on the antidepressant?"

0:08:13.337,0:08:14.451
and this type of thing,

0:08:14.451,0:08:17.091
and halfway through the session,

0:08:17.091,0:08:21.773
she said, "Well, aren't you going[br]to ask me about my homework?"

0:08:21.773,0:08:24.446
I said, "Ah, I forgot.[br]Did you come up with anything?"

0:08:24.446,0:08:29.113
And she handed me a list[br]of about, oh, seven or eight things

0:08:29.113,0:08:31.122
that she had accomplished during her life,

0:08:31.122,0:08:36.089
and the first one, she said,[br]"I overlooked the fact that -

0:08:38.239,0:08:42.234
I smuggled my children[br]out of Nazi Germany.

0:08:42.904,0:08:45.993
My husband died[br]in the concentration camps.

0:08:46.333,0:08:49.454
All of our relatives[br]died in the concentration camps,

0:08:49.454,0:08:54.877
but I got the children out,[br]and we made it to America.

0:08:55.557,0:09:01.925
And I've worked, scrubbing floors[br]and cleaning people's houses,

0:09:02.125,0:09:07.465
to keep food on the table[br]and to keep the roof over our head.

0:09:07.795,0:09:08.831
And this week,

0:09:08.831,0:09:13.235
my son just graduated first in his class[br]from the Harvard Business School.

0:09:13.585,0:09:16.446
So I thought, 'Well,[br]maybe that's an accomplishment.'"

0:09:16.446,0:09:18.855
(Laughter)

0:09:18.855,0:09:23.649
And then she said, "And I forgot[br]that I speak five languages fluently,

0:09:23.649,0:09:24.940
and I'm a gourmet chef."

0:09:24.940,0:09:27.278
And she had all these amazing things.

0:09:27.278,0:09:29.577
And I said, "Martha,[br]how do you reconcile this

0:09:29.577,0:09:32.371
with your claim that[br]you're a worthless human being

0:09:32.371,0:09:34.637
who's never accomplished[br]anything meaningful?"

0:09:34.637,0:09:37.339
And she said, "Dr. Burns,[br]it doesn't compute.

0:09:37.459,0:09:38.709
It doesn't make any sense.

0:09:38.709,0:09:41.389
I don't know how [br]I could have been thinking that."

0:09:42.459,0:09:44.299
And I said, "How are you feeling now?"

0:09:44.299,0:09:46.575
She said, "I'm feeling a lot better."

0:09:47.135,0:09:49.835
She said, "Do you have[br]any more techniques?"

0:09:49.835,0:09:52.320
I said, "No, that's the only one[br]I've learned so far.

0:09:52.320,0:09:56.258
You'll have to wait till next week.[br]I'll learn another technique."

0:09:56.258,0:09:58.301
And so that's how it began to go,

0:09:58.301,0:10:01.949
and I began to see patient after patient[br]that I'd been stuck with,

0:10:01.949,0:10:04.463
some patients who'd said[br]they'd been depressed,

0:10:04.463,0:10:06.686
had failed therapy for more than 50 years,

0:10:06.686,0:10:11.730
some who said they've never had one moment[br]of happiness in their entire life

0:10:11.730,0:10:16.211
suddenly experience joy and self-esteem.

0:10:16.211,0:10:19.622
And I said, "This is the thing[br]I want to commit my life to."

0:10:19.622,0:10:23.189
I had just received a grant[br]from the government - a five-year grant -

0:10:23.189,0:10:28.321
to develop a brain-chemistry[br]research laboratory at the medical school.

0:10:28.831,0:10:30.992
And I sent the money back.

0:10:30.992,0:10:33.430
I said, "I don't want to spend my life

0:10:33.430,0:10:37.459
doing research on a theory[br]that's not going bear fruit.

0:10:37.459,0:10:39.138
This is what I want to do."

0:10:39.138,0:10:41.906
And then the research began to come in.

0:10:41.906,0:10:45.706
First a pilot study at Penn that showed[br]that this new form of therapy

0:10:45.706,0:10:50.074
was as effective, if not more effective,[br]than the best antidepressant drugs.

0:10:50.074,0:10:52.376
And then study after study has come in,

0:10:52.376,0:10:58.478
and now it's become the most researched[br]form of psychotherapy in history.

0:11:00.518,0:11:03.101
We all got excited, and Dr. Beck said,

0:11:03.101,0:11:06.427
"David, would you like[br]to co-author the manual

0:11:06.427,0:11:08.028
that we're writing for therapists

0:11:08.028,0:11:11.242
so people can learn[br]how to do this new form of therapy?"

0:11:11.242,0:11:14.700
And I said, "You know,[br]you've got enough people -

0:11:14.700,0:11:17.330
Brian Shaw, Gary Emery and others -

0:11:17.330,0:11:19.717
who can co-author that book for you.

0:11:19.717,0:11:24.621
I think my calling is to write the manual[br]for the patients and the general public

0:11:24.621,0:11:27.913
to show people, give them tools,

0:11:27.913,0:11:31.068
to begin to use these tools[br]in their own lives,

0:11:31.068,0:11:34.384
and maybe patients could read the book[br]between the sessions

0:11:34.384,0:11:37.643
to accelerate their recovery."

0:11:43.858,0:11:47.768
So then I wrote the book "Feeling Good."

0:11:48.298,0:11:50.896
Other research came along:

0:11:50.896,0:11:56.818
a fellow at University of Alabama[br]began to do some research

0:11:56.818,0:12:00.268
on what is the fastest[br]and most inexpensive way

0:12:00.268,0:12:01.799
to treat people with depression.

0:12:01.799,0:12:04.350
And he did some research I was unaware of.

0:12:04.350,0:12:07.544
He took people coming[br]to the University of Alabama

0:12:07.934,0:12:10.251
asking for therapy for severe depression

0:12:10.251,0:12:13.674
and said, "You've got to be[br]on a waiting list for four weeks

0:12:13.674,0:12:15.869
before you can see the psychiatrist,

0:12:15.869,0:12:19.709
but in the meanwhile, we want you[br]to read this book, 'Feeling Good'."

0:12:19.709,0:12:22.543
And then he did research[br]on them every week to see,

0:12:22.543,0:12:24.585
Would there be any change in mood?

0:12:24.585,0:12:28.718
And he reported that 69% of the patients

0:12:28.718,0:12:33.518
in four weeks were recovered[br]and needed no additional therapy.

0:12:33.518,0:12:36.587
He's repeated - he's done[br]at least eight outcomes studies

0:12:36.587,0:12:42.549
with older citizens and teenagers,[br]people all ages in between

0:12:42.549,0:12:45.662
and has continued to come[br]to the same conclusion.

0:12:46.112,0:12:48.600
And I kind of knew that was true

0:12:48.600,0:12:53.612
because I've gotten at least, probably[br]50,000 emails and fan letters from people

0:12:53.612,0:12:58.056
who said, "I read your book,[br]and it changed my life."

0:12:59.546,0:13:03.303
Now, in my group at Stanford,[br]my psychotherapy development group,

0:13:03.303,0:13:04.844
it's getting even better,

0:13:04.844,0:13:09.430
and we're developing even newer[br]and more powerful techniques.

0:13:09.870,0:13:14.369
I think there's a difference[br]between a technician and a healer,

0:13:14.709,0:13:16.883
and one of the differences is,

0:13:16.883,0:13:20.348
Can you use your tools in your own life?

0:13:20.348,0:13:21.932
Can you practice what you preach?

0:13:21.932,0:13:24.753
I kind of believe in the idea[br]of "Physician, heal thyself."

0:13:24.753,0:13:28.482
And certainly I've known[br]my own moments of anxiety,

0:13:28.852,0:13:33.560
like when I was invited[br]to come to speak here,

0:13:34.750,0:13:37.101
and despair as well.

0:13:37.101,0:13:42.462
And I was put sorely to the test[br]when our son was born.

0:13:42.762,0:13:48.452
I was there at his birth,[br]and after he was born, the doctor said,

0:13:48.452,0:13:52.661
"You've got a wonderful, healthy son here,

0:13:52.661,0:13:55.170
but the only problem is he can't breathe."

0:13:55.550,0:13:59.006
And I looked at him,[br]and he was bright blue.

0:13:59.006,0:14:01.388
His lips were blue[br]and his fingernails were blue,

0:14:01.388,0:14:03.849
and he was struggling to get air.

0:14:03.849,0:14:07.889
And he said, "We're going to put him[br]in the intensive care unit."

0:14:08.649,0:14:11.855
And I thought, "Oh my gosh.[br]This is horrible."

0:14:13.115,0:14:15.196
He was born, I think,[br]at around 10 at night,

0:14:15.196,0:14:21.025
and I went home, and I was feeling[br]anxious and depressed and terrified.

0:14:21.025,0:14:23.613
And I told myself, "Well,[br]remember it's not the events,

0:14:23.613,0:14:25.982
it's your thoughts that upset you."

0:14:25.982,0:14:28.311
And I said, "Oh no, that can't be true.

0:14:29.091,0:14:30.470
This is real."

0:14:30.700,0:14:32.570
I said, "That's what your patients say.

0:14:32.570,0:14:34.407
Why don't you write your thoughts down

0:14:34.407,0:14:37.213
and see if there's some[br]distortions in them."

0:14:37.503,0:14:39.080
And so I thought, "Okay, I will."

0:14:39.080,0:14:40.547
And the first thought is,

0:14:40.547,0:14:45.572
"Well, my son needs oxygen for his brain,[br]and he's going to have brain damage."

0:14:46.222,0:14:47.570
And then the second thought:

0:14:47.570,0:14:50.922
"We'll be bringing him to clinics[br]for the rest of his life."

0:14:51.232,0:14:53.689
Then I did a little thing[br]called the downward arrow:

0:14:53.689,0:14:55.717
If it were true,[br]what would it mean to you?

0:14:55.717,0:14:57.222
And the third thought:

0:14:57.222,0:15:01.304
"Well, then people will look down on me[br]because I have a mentally retarded son."

0:15:01.774,0:15:04.027
Then I said, "Are there[br]any distortions here?"

0:15:04.027,0:15:06.154
I said, "Well, gosh,[br]here's fortune-telling.

0:15:06.154,0:15:08.939
I don't know that he's going[br]to have brain damage.

0:15:09.609,0:15:14.174
Doctor never said that, he just said,[br]'We'll put him the intensive care unit.'

0:15:14.174,0:15:15.197
And then,

0:15:16.057,0:15:20.725
are people going to look down on me[br]because I have a son with brain damage?"

0:15:20.725,0:15:22.054
I said, "That's ridiculous.

0:15:22.054,0:15:25.192
People will feel about me[br]depending on how I treat them.

0:15:25.192,0:15:28.892
And if I love them and treat people[br]with care and compassion,

0:15:29.452,0:15:30.529
they will respond."

0:15:30.529,0:15:33.589
And suddenly all my anxiety disappeared.

0:15:33.589,0:15:38.228
And then I said, "You know,[br]look at how self-centered you're being.

0:15:38.228,0:15:42.583
Your son needs you;[br]he's suffering in the hospital,

0:15:42.583,0:15:44.597
And I said, "I'm going to go and see him."

0:15:44.597,0:15:48.251
I was on the faculty, so I said,[br]"I can get into the intensive care unit."

0:15:48.251,0:15:50.293
I went in there[br]about three in the morning,

0:15:50.293,0:15:52.410
and I said, "Can I see my son?"

0:15:52.410,0:15:54.953
They said, "Yes, certainly, Doctor."

0:15:54.953,0:16:00.372
And then he was in this incubator,[br]and he was going [Raspy breathing],

0:16:00.372,0:16:03.079
and just his whole body[br]was shaking to get a breath,

0:16:03.079,0:16:04.509
and he was still blue,

0:16:04.509,0:16:07.306
and it was so sad, and I said,[br]"Can I touch him?"

0:16:07.306,0:16:09.298
They said, "You have to put this glove on

0:16:09.298,0:16:11.830
and put your hand[br]through this hole in the incubator,

0:16:11.830,0:16:15.192
and so I put my hand in,[br]and I put my hand on his forehead,

0:16:15.192,0:16:18.169
and I said, "Erik, I want[br]you to know that we love you.

0:16:18.169,0:16:19.758
Your mommy and daddy love you,

0:16:19.758,0:16:23.058
and we're going to be with you[br]every step of the way."

0:16:23.968,0:16:27.410
And I felt better, and I went home[br]and felt at peace,

0:16:27.410,0:16:28.926
and the phone rang.

0:16:29.226,0:16:31.260
It was the intensive care unit nurse,

0:16:31.260,0:16:34.834
and she says, "You know, Dr. Burns,[br]the oddest thing happened.

0:16:34.834,0:16:37.944
The moment you walked[br]out of the intensive care unit,

0:16:37.944,0:16:43.858
Erik calmed down and started breathing,[br]and the doctor discharged him.

0:16:43.858,0:16:47.869
He's cuddling with his mommy[br]for the first time."

0:16:49.009,0:16:53.444
Well, that's about it.

0:16:53.444,0:16:57.592
Erik suggested I tell this story;[br]I've never told it in public before.

0:16:57.592,0:17:01.323
I said, "I'll tell it if you'll come[br]on up to Reno with me

0:17:01.323,0:17:03.950
so I can introduce you to the group."

0:17:04.800,0:17:06.548
(Applause)

0:17:13.901,0:17:19.252
(Erik) Wow. I think if I had dry eyes[br]right now then I would not be your son.

0:17:19.912,0:17:22.538
I just wanted to - in case[br]you didn't get the message -

0:17:22.538,0:17:24.983
I think it's that you don't have[br]to be blue anymore.

0:17:25.142,0:17:27.644
All right? We can all be happy.

0:17:27.994,0:17:30.678
I just want to say to you, Dad,[br]for inviting me up here -

0:17:30.678,0:17:31.689
it's such an honor.

0:17:31.689,0:17:33.734
I'm so proud of you. Wow, I'm so proud.

0:17:33.734,0:17:37.405
This speech is just phenomenal,[br]and your life's work.

0:17:37.405,0:17:39.809
I just want to say I'm so thankful

0:17:39.809,0:17:44.242
that you had enough faith in yourself[br]to have faith in me, to give me my life.

0:17:44.242,0:17:45.871
So thank you.

0:17:45.871,0:17:47.868
(Applause)