[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.33,0:00:02.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Food delivery.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.83,0:00:05.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the thing that saves\Nmillennials from starvation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.77,0:00:08.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By my calculations,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.21,0:00:11.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Americans order over 20 million\Nrestaurant deliveries
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.97,0:00:13.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every single day.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.02,0:00:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over half of these deliveries\Nare actually within walking distance.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.48,0:00:21.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But nine out of 10 are delivered in cars.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.61,0:00:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So basically,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.96,0:00:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are moving a two-pound burrito
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.88,0:00:27.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a two-ton car
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.68,0:00:29.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,20 million times a day.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.94,0:00:32.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The energy to bring you that burrito
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.10,0:00:34.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is actually bringing you\Na two-ton metal cage
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.87,0:00:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with heated seats.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.29,0:00:37.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's be honest.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.63,0:00:39.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are addicted to our cars.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.08,0:00:41.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did you know that in America,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.96,0:00:45.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for every car,\Nthere are four parking spots?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.46,0:00:46.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In some downtowns,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.86,0:00:49.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over half of the real estate is for cars.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.43,0:00:53.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have designed our cities\Naround our cars,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.42,0:00:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we drive\Nwhether we're going two miles
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.31,0:00:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or 200 miles.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.88,0:01:00.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Solo, or with our whole family.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.69,0:01:05.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We get into the same SUV\Nto go buy coffee or a coffee table.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.02,0:01:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we could free up\Nsome of these streets and parking lots,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.82,0:01:10.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could build more housing,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.22,0:01:12.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more social spaces, more parks.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.66,0:01:14.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But to do that,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.04,0:01:17.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first, we need to rethink\Nhow we are using cars today.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.97,0:01:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the city of the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.42,0:01:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you want to go five blocks,\Nyou summon a bike or a scooter.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.09,0:01:26.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're in a rush,\Na passenger drone would pick you up.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.40,0:01:29.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you need food,\Nno need to have someone drive over --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.68,0:01:32.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the food will make its way to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.30,0:01:35.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's go back to those 20 million a day\Nrestaurant deliveries.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.34,0:01:39.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we could get\Nthese deliveries off the road,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.17,0:01:40.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could reduce the need
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.63,0:01:45.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for as many as one and a half\Nmillion cars just in the US.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.39,0:01:47.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's twice the size of San Francisco.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.17,0:01:52.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, think of the impact this could have\Non cities like Delhi,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.12,0:01:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or my birth city of Tehran,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.57,0:01:58.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where car pollution is killing\Nthousands of people every year.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.55,0:02:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do we get some\Nof these deliveries off the road?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.66,0:02:06.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, that's the question
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.42,0:02:09.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that my team and I have been obsessed with\Nover the last three years.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.38,0:02:13.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the solution is\Nactually one of the building blocks
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.50,0:02:15.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the city of the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.94,0:02:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've been creating\Nsmall, self-driving robots
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.18,0:02:22.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that navigate quiet alleys and sidewalks
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.83,0:02:24.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a walking pace,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.54,0:02:28.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have a secured cargo\Nto deliver you food and supplies.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.13,0:02:31.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, before I tell you\Nmore about the robots,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.33,0:02:33.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's do a quick thought experiment.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.95,0:02:38.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In your mind, picture a city\Nwith thousands of robots.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.01,0:02:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it this one?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.76,0:02:44.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This Hollywood dystopia\Nis what a lot of people expect.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.62,0:02:50.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But our job is to create a friendly future\Nthat's designed for people.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.33,0:02:53.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So instead of making aliens,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.32,0:02:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we set out to create robots\Nthat are familiar.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.36,0:03:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Robots that would belong\Nin our communities.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.66,0:03:02.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we also wanted a little surprise.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.74,0:03:05.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something unexpectedly delightful.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.82,0:03:06.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.100,0:03:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're walking down the street,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.50,0:03:10.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you see your very first robot.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.73,0:03:13.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the moment\Nwhen you're going to decide
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.08,0:03:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if this is a future you love or fear.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.86,0:03:20.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And with a lot of people\Nhaving these dystopian ideas,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.16,0:03:22.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to open their minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.41,0:03:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want to surprise and delight them,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.80,0:03:27.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that we can win them over\Non first impression.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.98,0:03:29.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what we came up with.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.40,0:03:32.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's familiar, but it's also surprising.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.56,0:03:34.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just a shopping cart,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.51,0:03:38.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it also looks like\Nwe crossbred WALL-E with Minions.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.00,0:03:41.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you live in San Francisco\Nor Los Angeles,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.88,0:03:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chances are one of these\Nhas already delivered your food.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.48,0:03:48.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As soon as we put robots\Nout on the street,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.27,0:03:50.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we learned some\Nreally interesting problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.44,0:03:53.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like, how should robots cross the road?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.70,0:03:59.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or how should robots interact with people\Nwith visual or mobility impairments?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.15,0:04:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We quickly realized\Nthat we need to teach our robots
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.83,0:04:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to communicate with people.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.88,0:04:09.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People on the sidewalk\Ncome from every walk of life,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.74,0:04:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we needed to create a new language,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.98,0:04:14.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of a universal language
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.75,0:04:17.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so people and robots\Ncan understand each other
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.89,0:04:19.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right off the bat.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.28,0:04:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because no one is going\Nto be reading user manuals.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.72,0:04:27.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We started with eyes,\Nbecause eyes are universal.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.46,0:04:29.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can show where the robot is going
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.43,0:04:31.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or if it's confused.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.54,0:04:34.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plus, eyes make robots more human.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.87,0:04:37.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also used sounds.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.07,0:04:39.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, we created this running sound
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.56,0:04:41.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with frequent gaps
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.40,0:04:45.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that people with visual impairments\Ncould locate their robots
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.29,0:04:47.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using the Doppler effect.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.27,0:04:50.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it turned out these were not enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.08,0:04:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At intersections,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.32,0:04:53.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cars would cut in front of our robots.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.35,0:04:55.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Drivers were getting confused, sometimes,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.89,0:04:59.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because robots would take too long\Nbefore they started crossing.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.63,0:05:03.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even ordinary pedestrians\Nwere getting confused.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.80,0:05:07.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes, they couldn't figure out\Non which side to pass the robots,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.21,0:05:10.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because robots make a lot\Nof small adjustments to their direction
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.66,0:05:11.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they move.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.86,0:05:14.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This actually sparked a new idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.62,0:05:18.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we used movement\Nto create a universal language?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.11,0:05:20.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like, at intersections,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.80,0:05:24.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,robots would gently move forward\Nbefore they start crossing,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.22,0:05:26.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to signal to drivers that it's their turn.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.93,0:05:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they see someone in a wheelchair,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.89,0:05:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they yield by pointing themselves\Naway from the sidewalk,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.01,0:05:36.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to signal that they're not going to move.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.70,0:05:39.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of you may remember this.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.40,0:05:44.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2015, Canadian researchers\Nsent a robot hitchhiking across the US.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.68,0:05:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It didn't get very far.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.33,0:05:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It turns out that robots\Ncan also use some social skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.38,0:05:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like, if they're being tampered with,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.52,0:05:58.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carnegie Mellon researchers have shown\Nthat small toy robots should play dead,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.96,0:06:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because people feel bad\Nwhen they think they broke it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.47,0:06:04.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But delivery robots aren't toys,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.51,0:06:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're not small,\Nthey are out there in public.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.39,0:06:10.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We found that with delivery robots,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.40,0:06:12.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get people to stop tampering,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.36,0:06:14.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,robots need to show awareness.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.95,0:06:17.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's kind of the opposite of playing dead.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.79,0:06:18.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this case,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.02,0:06:21.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,robots need to acknowledge the situation
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.68,0:06:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get people to step away.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.55,0:06:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, a word of advice.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.02,0:06:28.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you are a robot and you see small kids,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.93,0:06:30.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,run towards the closest adult.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.32,0:06:35.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It turns out that some kids\Njust love harassing robots.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.46,0:06:38.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So besides dystopia,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.03,0:06:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hollywood also promised us\Nsome really cool robots
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.12,0:06:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would run our errands\Nor keep us company.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.01,0:06:46.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So far, we've really focused\Non food delivery,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.90,0:06:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.58,0:06:50.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these robots can do more.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.56,0:06:55.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like, they could gather excess food\Nand bring it to shelters every night.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.59,0:06:59.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because in America,\Nwe waste 30 percent of our food,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.62,0:07:03.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while 10 percent of our people\Nexperience food insecurity.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.17,0:07:05.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These robots could be\Npart of the solution.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.00,0:07:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or when we have hundreds of robots\Nrunning around cities,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.04,0:07:14.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could have robots carry\Nemergency medications at all times,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.31,0:07:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just in case someone nearby\Nhas an allergic reaction
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.56,0:07:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or an asthma attack.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.10,0:07:22.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These robots could be on site\Nwithin a minute or two,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.32,0:07:23.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,faster than anyone else.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.86,0:07:25.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And during pandemics,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.52,0:07:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,robots can be a key part\Nof our infrastructure.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.46,0:07:29.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can ensure
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.83,0:07:33.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can provide our communities\Nwith the essential needs
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.44,0:07:35.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even during emergencies.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.09,0:07:37.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me leave you with one last thought.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.33,0:07:43.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, objects can't get from A to B\Nwithout human help,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.66,0:07:47.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because our three-dimensional world\Nis quite complex.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.81,0:07:51.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But new sensors and AI can change that.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.12,0:07:54.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a way, technology is like a baby
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.85,0:07:59.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has just learned to recognize objects\Nand understand words,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.28,0:08:02.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe even hold a basic conversation,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.18,0:08:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it hasn't learned to walk yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.93,0:08:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we are teaching technology
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.52,0:08:09.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to navigate\Nthe three-dimensional world
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.83,0:08:11.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without our help.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.58,0:08:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are entering this new era
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.69,0:08:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where insentient objects\Nare going to get up and move freely.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.30,0:08:21.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when they do,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.82,0:08:24.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've got to make sure\Nthey don't look like aliens.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.50,0:08:29.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My vision for the future\Nis that when things come to life,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.26,0:08:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they do so with joy.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.05,0:08:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, less like\Nthe movie "Terminator,"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.12,0:08:35.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more like "Toy Story."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.16,0:08:37.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.