[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.81,0:00:06.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yogi Berra, a US baseball player\Nand philosopher, said,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.72,0:00:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If we don't know where we're going,\Nwe might not get there."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.52,0:00:15.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Accumulating scientific knowledge\Nis giving us greater insights,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.60,0:00:20.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,greater clarity, into what our future\Nmight look like in a changing climate
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.79,0:00:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what that could mean for our health.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.71,0:00:27.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm here to talk about a related aspect,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.44,0:00:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on how our emissions of greenhouse gases\Nfrom burning of fossil fuels
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.13,0:00:36.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is reducing the nutritional\Nquality of our food.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.01,0:00:39.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll start with the food pyramid.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.17,0:00:40.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You all know the food pyramid.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.35,0:00:43.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all need to eat a balanced diet.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.81,0:00:45.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to get proteins,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.35,0:00:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to get micronutrients,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.09,0:00:48.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to get vitamins.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.42,0:00:51.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, this is a way\Nfor us to think about
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.17,0:00:54.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to make sure we get\Nwhat we need every day
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.19,0:00:56.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we can grow and thrive.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.33,0:00:58.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we eat not just because we need to,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.94,0:01:00.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we also eat for enjoyment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.90,0:01:03.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bread, pasta, pizza --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.53,0:01:07.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a whole range of foods\Nthat are culturally important.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.64,0:01:09.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We enjoy eating these.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.09,0:01:12.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so they're important for our diet,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.50,0:01:15.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they're also important\Nfor our cultures.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.76,0:01:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carbon dioxide has been increasing since\Nthe start of the Industrial Revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.28,0:01:26.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increasing from about\N280 parts per million to over 410 today,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.67,0:01:28.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it continues to increase.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.94,0:01:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The carbon that plants need to grow\Ncomes from this carbon dioxide.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.39,0:01:34.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They bring it into the plant,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.87,0:01:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they break it apart\Ninto the carbon itself,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.14,0:01:39.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they use that to grow.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.54,0:01:43.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also need nutrients from the soil.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.17,0:01:47.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so yes, carbon dioxide is plant food.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.19,0:01:54.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this should be good news,\Nof rising carbon dioxide concentrations,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.18,0:01:57.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for food security around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.16,0:02:00.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making sure that people\Nget enough to eat every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.47,0:02:06.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About 820 million people in the world\Ndon't get enough to eat every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.09,0:02:10.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's a fair amount written\Nabout how higher CO2
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.72,0:02:13.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is going to help with\Nour food security problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.51,0:02:18.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to accelerate our progress\Nin agricultural productivity
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.62,0:02:23.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to feed the nine to 10 billion people\Nwho will be alive in 2050
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.48,0:02:25.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to achieve the Sustainable\NDevelopment Goals,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.02,0:02:27.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly the Goal Number 2,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.78,0:02:30.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is on reducing food insecurity,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.96,0:02:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increasing nutrition,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.51,0:02:36.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increasing access to the foods\Nthat we need for everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.20,0:02:40.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know that climate change\Nis affecting agricultural productivity.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.96,0:02:43.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The earth has warmed\Nabout one degree centigrade
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.39,0:02:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since preindustrial times.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.70,0:02:49.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is changing local temperature\Nand precipitation patterns,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.54,0:02:53.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that has consequences\Nfor the agricultural productivity
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.100,0:02:55.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in many parts of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.29,0:02:59.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not just local changes\Nin temperature and precipitation,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.61,0:03:00.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's the extremes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.55,0:03:05.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Extremes in terms of heat waves,\Nfloods and droughts
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.25,0:03:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are significantly affecting productivity.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.68,0:03:13.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that carbon dioxide,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.04,0:03:15.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,besides making plants grow,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.02,0:03:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has other consequences as well,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.82,0:03:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that plants, when they have\Nhigher carbon dioxide,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.91,0:03:25.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increase the synthesis of carbohydrates,\Nsugars and starches,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.98,0:03:31.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they decrease the concentrations\Nof protein and critical nutrients.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.26,0:03:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is very important for how we\Nthink about food security going forward.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.53,0:03:42.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A couple of nights ago\Nin the table talks on climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.46,0:03:46.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,someone said that they're\Na five-sevenths optimist:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.45,0:03:49.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they're an optimist\Nfive days of the week,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.31,0:03:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is a topic\Nfor the other two days.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.23,0:03:55.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we think about micronutrients,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.41,0:03:59.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,almost all of them are affected\Nby higher CO2 concentrations.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.85,0:04:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two in particular are iron and zinc.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.28,0:04:06.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you don't have enough iron,\Nyou can develop iron deficiency anemia.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.32,0:04:09.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's associated with fatigue,\Nshortness of breath
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.39,0:04:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some fairly serious\Nconsequences as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.75,0:04:14.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you don't have enough zinc,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.49,0:04:17.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can have a loss of appetite.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.04,0:04:19.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a significant\Nproblem around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.20,0:04:22.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's about one billion people\Nwho are zinc deficient.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.30,0:04:25.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very important\Nfor maternal and child health.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.26,0:04:27.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It affects development.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.79,0:04:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The B vitamins are critical\Nfor a whole range of reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.63,0:04:34.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They help convert our food into energy.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.65,0:04:36.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're important for the functions
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.39,0:04:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of many of the physiologic\Nactivities in our bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.98,0:04:42.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you have\Nhigher carbon in a plant,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.71,0:04:44.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have less nitrogen,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.39,0:04:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you have less B vitamins.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.73,0:04:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not just us.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.32,0:04:50.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cattle are already being affected
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.08,0:04:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the quality\Nof their forage is declining.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.73,0:04:57.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, this affects\Nevery consumer of plants.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.21,0:05:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And give a thought to, for example,\Nour pet cats and dogs.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.11,0:05:04.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look on the label\Nof most of the pet and dog food,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.60,0:05:09.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a significant amount\Nof grain in those foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.27,0:05:11.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this affects everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.38,0:05:13.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we know that this is a problem?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.71,0:05:15.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know from field studies
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.61,0:05:18.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we know from experimental\Nstudies in laboratories.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.97,0:05:20.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the field studies --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.47,0:05:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'll focus primarily\Non wheat and on rice --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.94,0:05:27.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's fields, for example, of rice
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.37,0:05:29.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are divided into different plots.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.46,0:05:32.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the plots are all the same:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.59,0:05:34.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the soil's the same,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.48,0:05:36.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the precipitation's the same --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.22,0:05:38.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything's the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.18,0:05:42.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Except carbon dioxide\Nis blown over some of the plots.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.64,0:05:45.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so you can compare
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.08,0:05:48.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what it looks like\Nunder today's conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.38,0:05:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and under carbon dioxide conditions\Nlater in the century.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.03,0:05:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was part of one of the few studies\Nthat have done this.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.12,0:06:00.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We looked at 18 rice lines\Nin China and in Japan
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.72,0:06:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and grew them under conditions\Nthat you would expect
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.56,0:06:05.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,later in the century.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.18,0:06:09.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you look at the results,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.26,0:06:12.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the white bar is today's conditions,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.37,0:06:16.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the red bar is conditions\Nlater in the century.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.74,0:06:20.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So protein declines about 10 percent,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.76,0:06:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,iron about eight percent,\Nzinc about five percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.40,0:06:27.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These don't sound like really big changes,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.97,0:06:31.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but when you start thinking\Nabout the poor in every country
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.90,0:06:34.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who primarily eat starch,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.37,0:06:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this will put people\Nwho are on the edge
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.32,0:06:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the edge into frank deficiencies,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.58,0:06:42.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,creating all kinds of health problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.26,0:06:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The situation is more significant\Nfor the B vitamins.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.15,0:06:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you look at\Nvitamin B1 and vitamin B2,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.80,0:06:52.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's about a 17 percent decline.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.49,0:06:57.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pantothenic acid, vitamin B5,\Nis about a 13 percent decline.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.54,0:07:00.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Folate is about a 30 percent decline.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.89,0:07:05.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these are averages over\Nthe various experiments that were done.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.19,0:07:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Folate is critical for child development.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.78,0:07:10.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pregnant women who don't get enough folate
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.92,0:07:14.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are at much higher risk\Nof having babies with birth defects.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.60,0:07:19.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these are very serious\Npotential consequences for our health
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.87,0:07:22.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as CO2 continues to rise.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.64,0:07:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In another example,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.94,0:07:29.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is modeling work that was done\Nby Chris Weyant and his colleagues,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.34,0:07:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking a look at this chain\Nfrom higher CO2 to lower iron and zinc --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.100,0:07:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they only looked at iron and zinc --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.45,0:07:38.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to various health outcomes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.43,0:07:41.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They looked at malaria,\Ndiarrheal disease, pneumonia,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.80,0:07:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,iron deficiency anemia,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.58,0:07:47.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and looked at what\Nthe consequences could be in 2050.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.75,0:07:49.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the darker the color in this,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.100,0:07:51.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the larger the consequences.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.98,0:07:54.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can see the major impacts
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.70,0:07:57.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Asia and in Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.64,0:08:00.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also note that in countries\Nsuch as the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.53,0:08:02.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and countries in Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.06,0:08:04.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the populations also could be affected.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.08,0:08:09.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They estimated about\N125 million people could be affected.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.04,0:08:14.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also modeled what would be\Nthe most effective interventions,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.11,0:08:18.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their conclusion was\Nreducing our greenhouse gases:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.64,0:08:21.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting our greenhouse gas emissions\Ndown by mid-century
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.74,0:08:25.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we don't have to worry so much\Nabout these consequences
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.07,0:08:26.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,later in the century.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.57,0:08:31.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These experiments, these modeling studies
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.10,0:08:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,did not take climate change\Nitself into account.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.08,0:08:37.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They just focused on\Nthe carbon dioxide component.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.58,0:08:39.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when you put the two together,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.74,0:08:43.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's expected the impact is much larger\Nthan what I've told you.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.11,0:08:47.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd love to be able to tell you right now
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.15,0:08:51.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much the food you had for breakfast,\Nthe food you're going to have for lunch,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.99,0:08:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has shifted from what\Nyour grandparents ate
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.89,0:08:57.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of its nutritional quality.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.31,0:08:59.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I can't.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.49,0:09:01.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't have the research on that.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.25,0:09:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd love to tell you how much\Ncurrent food insecurity
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.43,0:09:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is affected by these changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.85,0:09:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I can't.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.12,0:09:11.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't have the research\Non that, either.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.44,0:09:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lot that needs\Nto be known in this area,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.90,0:09:19.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including what the possible\Nsolutions could be.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.99,0:09:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't know exactly\Nwhat those solutions are,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.76,0:09:25.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we've got a range of options.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.52,0:09:28.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've got advancements in technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.06,0:09:31.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've got plant breeding.\NWe've got biofortification.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.44,0:09:33.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Soils could make a difference.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.26,0:09:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, of course, it will be\Nvery helpful to know
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.28,0:09:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how these changes could affect\Nour future health
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.78,0:09:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the health of our children\Nand the health of our grandchildren.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.11,0:09:46.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these investments take time.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.05,0:09:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will take time to sort\Nall of these issues out.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.43,0:09:55.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is no national entity\Nor business group
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.10,0:09:56.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is funding this research.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.80,0:10:03.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need these investments critically\Nso that we do know where we're going.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.05,0:10:06.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the meantime, what we can do
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.68,0:10:12.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is ensure that all people\Nhave access to a complete diet,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.87,0:10:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just those in the wealthy parts\Nof the world but everywhere in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.55,0:10:22.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also individually and collectively need\Nto reduce our greenhouse gas emissions
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.40,0:10:25.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reduce the challenges\Nthat will come later in the century.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.57,0:10:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's been said that if you think\Neducation is expensive, try ignorance.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.11,0:10:35.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's not.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.98,0:10:38.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's invest in ourselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.79,0:10:39.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our children
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.97,0:10:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in our planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.32,0:10:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.56,0:10:46.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)